Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, iManchu Zocor yagcwala ingxenye enkulu yezwe lasePrikhankaiskaya. Kepha lapho ineminyaka yobudala engama-70-80, njengokuthuthuka kwezolimo kule nsimu, yasinda kuphela ePrimorsky Territory. Amakoloni ayo aqhakaza kakhulu atholakala kuphela kumasayithi ama-4 engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe, okungukuthi ezifundeni zase-Oktyabrsky, Khankaysky, Pogranichny nase Ussuri ePrimorye.
Indawo yokuhlala nendlela yokuphila
I-tsokor yaseManchurian, ngaphambi kokuthuthuka kwezolimo ezindaweni eziphansi zaseKhanka, izindawo ezinabantu abaningi kanye nezindawo ezisehlathini. Njengamanje, iningi lalezi zindawo liyalinywa. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane siphoqelelwa ukuba sithuthele ezigodini zemifula ngezinsalela zezinyathelo zokuma kanye nezinyathelo zesinyathelo. Uhlala ezigodini zotshani ezixubile nezihlanganisiwe zezigodi zezikhiye nemifula yezintaba futhi uhlala ezindaweni eziphansi, ezimbozwe izihlahla ze-oki, i-aspen kanye nezikhonkwane ezimnyama ze-birch.
UZokor uhlala ngaphansi komhlaba. Indawo yemibila yayo ikhipha izinqwaba zezinto eziphilayo. INora liqukethe tiger ezi-2.
Ukudlulela kokudliwayo ku-tier ephezulu kutholakala lapho isilwane simba izimpande, nezilimo eziyizigaxa, kanye nama-bulbs zezitshalo futhi sisekujuleni kuka-12-20 cm. Ihlosi eliphansi
itholakala ekujuleni kwe-40-110cm futhi iqukethe isidleke, igumbi lokuphumula kanye namagumbi okugcina. UZocor udla ikakhulukazi ama-rhizomes ezinhlamvu ezinamahlumela. Futhi amasheya asebusika afaka nezilimo eziyizigaxa, izimpande, ama, amahlumela neziqu zamakhambi ahlukahlukene. Isisindo salesi sitoko sifinyelela ku-9-10 kg. Owesifazane uletha ama-brood ayi-1 ngenani lama-2-4s ngonyaka. Lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo, izilwane ezincane ziyafikisa futhi ziphinde zenziwe emhlabeni. Isibalo seManchu Zocor asiqedi ukwehla. Kubhalwe ku-Red Books ye-IUCN kanye neRussia Federation.
Isikhundla esihlelekile
Ngokwesiko, uhlobo lwe-zigor lufakiwe emndenini weKhomyakov, ngaphakathi lapho lwakha khona i-monotypic subfamily Ama-Zocorins (I-Myospalacinae Lilljeborg, 1866). Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo olwenziwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 lukhombisa ukuthi lokhu kuzithoba kufanele kudluliselwe emndenini wakwaSlepyshev, ngaphakathi lapho okuyiqembu likadadewabo waseRhizomyinae subfamily.
Ukutholwa kokuqala kwabameli bezinsalela zeqembu kungokwabakwaLate Miocene. Ngokunokwenzeka, ukwehluka kwemindeni engezansi kweMyospalacinae neRhizomyinae kufanele kubhalwe kuze kube sekupheleni noma maphakathi ne-Oligocene.
Ukubukeka
Ama-Zocors ayizingqimba eziphakathi nendawo: ubude bomzimba wazo buyi-16-27 cm, ubude bomsila bufika ku-7 cm. Umzimba unesimo se-valky, akukho ukwehlukaniswa komlomo wesibeletho. Azinawo ama-auricles, amehlo ezinqu mancane kakhulu, futhi ekugcineni kwesizalo, kuqhamuke iqhwa lesikhumba elingenalutho. Izingalo zimfushane, izibambo zangaphambili zithwele izigqoko ezinde ezibukhali, izinyawo nezandla zingenalutho. Ijazi likhulu futhi lifushane, lithambile kakhulu, umbala walo uyi-monophonic - ukusuka ku-fawn-ocher kuya ku-brownish-brown (ngaphambili kwekhanda sekumhlophe).
Umsoco nendlela yokuphila
Zidla engxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba yezitshalo, ngaphambi kobusika, ziqongelela ama-rhizomes kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa (isisindo semithamo sifinyelela ku-8 kg). Cishe sonke isikhathi sabo sichithwa ngaphansi komhlaba, lapho kwakhiwa khona imisele eyinkimbinkimbi, enezinhlaka eziningi, ubude obungu-50-100 m: emihlanjini ephezulu yemisele, okuphakelayo kwe-zoocores, nakumahlosi aphansi ahlala kuwo. Ngokungafani namagundane angamagundane namagundane emvukuzane (edla inhlabathi ngensimbi enamandla), lapho bemba imigodi, isisekelo esingaphansi sisebenza ngemilenze yangaphambili eshwabene.
Incazelo nezici ze-zigor
URodent Zocor ungowomndeni wama-hamsters. Izinhlobo ezingezansi zama-zaporin, amagundane. Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zilwane. Daurian Zokors umbala olula. Zinezicucu ze-beige ezinhle emqheleni wekhanda lazo.
Abamele abakhulu bemiphakathi yi-Altai. Lezi yizilwane eziyisigamu sekilo ezinobuso obude namakhala. Umsila wazo ubuye uphakanyiswe kancane. Ngisho nomuntu angabona ngandlela thile ukufana ne-nutria encane.
Bukela i isithombe se-Altai Zokors, ungabona ukuthi amajazi awo oboya amnyama kunokujwayelekile, kanti umsila umbozwe kancane izinwele ezimpunga. Manchurian Zokors enamakhanda, imisila omfushane, onjenge-hamsters. Uboya bungaxubekile ngampunga ngombala, ngaphandle kokhanyayo.
I-Zocor esithombeni Kubukeka njengento enhle emvelweni. Ithambile, imnandi ijazi elinsundu elithinta. Isisu sinomthunzi olula. Ubude bomzimba abudluli amasentimitha amathathu.
Daurian Zokor
Kepha ngokuya ngohlobo lwe -hathor, osayizi bawo ahlukile kancane. Isidumbu, siphenduka ngokushelela esisekelweni esinamakhanda amancane, lapho izindlebe zicishe zingabonakali. Intamo, njengoba injalo, ayibonakali. Futhi ubuhlalu obuncane obumnyama beso, buvikelwe ngokuqinile yi-cilia ewugqinsi kusukela ekuhambeni komhlaba.
Kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, amasokisi azizwa emkhulu ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi anxephezela ukungabi bikho kokuzwa nokuhogela. Bangezwa ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphezu komhlaba ngamashumi amamitha ambalwa. Futhi ngizwa ingozi, ngesikhathi sokumba ngokujulile endaweni yokukhosela.
Ekhaleni, noma kunalokho ichopho laso, yisikhumba esiqhakaze kakhulu lapho ukhipha umhlabathi ngokuphelele. Kanye nomsila omfushane ongamasentimitha ayisithupha. Futhi ama-paws abo, lokhu ngokuvamile kuyingxoxo ehlukile. Bafushane impela, kepha banamandla amakhulu. Ingaphambili, likhulu kancane kunasemuva.
Futhi emilenzeni yangaphambili, izinzipho ezinkulu zigobile ku-arcs, amasentimitha amahlanu ubude. Ngosizo lwabo, amasokisi ahlangabezana kalula nomhlabathi ongaphansi komhlaba, oza ngendlela. Ama-pads emilenzeni nawo abanzi futhi awamboziwe ngoboya.
Indawo yokuhlala yeZocor
Lezi zakhamuzi ezingaphansi komhlaba zihlala ezigxotsheni nasezindaweni ezingamahlathi ezwekazi lase-Asia. Futhi maphakathi neseningizimu yeSiberia. Izakhamizi zendabuko zeTransbaikal, Altai nePrimorsky Territories, iTomsk neNovosibirsk. Bahlala ezindaweni ezinotshani ezithambile nezithandekayo, eduze nemifula. Kepha ezintabeni nasezweni elinamatye awatholakali.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yeZocor
INora Zokora, ifinyelela kumamitha angama-50 ubude, kanye nokufika kwamamitha amathathu. Kepha ihlukaniswe izingxenye. Indawo yokuphakelayo itholakala cishe ngaphezulu komhlaba. Bemba umhlabathi, bakhiphe izimpande zotshani ukuze badle, bese bedonsa ngokucophelela iziqu zabo bangene emhlabathini.
Inhlabathi ethe xaxa idonswa phezulu inqwaba ngezinqwaba. Kuvela amathrekhi amade okumba. Kusuka kubo ukuthi unganquma kalula ukuthi isilwane sihlalaphi. Futhi imininingwane yabatshali bezimbali, lo mhlaba, owembiwe yi-socon, uthandeka kakhulu ukufakelwa kwezimbali.
Ehlobo, izilwane zivuna izinqolobane zasebusika ngesimo seziqongqongo nezimpande. Bese ubadonsela engxenyeni ejulile yomgodi. Futhi ukwahlukanisa okumbiwe kube yinqwaba, futhi kukugoqa kumagumbi okugcina ahlukile. Kwenzeka ukuthi umthamo wamasheya ufinyelela amakhilogremu ayishumi.
Lezi zilwane ezisebenza ngokuqinile zihlala zisebenza. Kuphakathi kokuthi bambe umgodi, bese belahla umhlaba. Ukuzitholela ukudla, ngisho ne-yogi iyawunikela umona, zombili phansi nangaphansi ngesisu. Ulala ekhakheni lotshani obilukiwe, futhi wemba emhlabathini, ukhukhunathi onethezekile. Isikhathi ngasinye, lapho lifika lapho lihlala khona ubusuku bonke, ligijimisana esidlekeni, umnyango uvala ngotshani namaqabunga omile.
Ehlobo, izinsuku ezishisayo, lesi silwane kwesinye isikhathi siyakwazi ukukhamba siye phezulu. Kodwa-ke, uzoqikelela kakhulu. Ukuhamba amabanga amafushane, ukuthatha i-wary pose, bese ulalela, bese ukhwehlela umoya, ulawula isimo.
Futhi akusizi ngalutho ukuthi ukuqaphela ngokweqile okunje. Yize kunjalo, izinyamazane ezinjengezimpungushe, izinyosi nezinyoni ezinkulu zezinyamazane zizingela injabulo. Noma kunjalo, isilwane singaphoqwa ngenhla komhlabathi ngesikhathi sezikhukhula noma ngamasimu okulima. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo womshini ekhaya, ama-plinths amukelwa ngokushesha ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha nokulungiswa.
Engxenyeni ejulile yomgodi, i-zokora hibernate. Kepha azizifihli. Futhi kwenzeka, ngezinsuku zasebusika, bayaphuma, baklebhule imigudu ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ngokwemvelo, lezi zilwane ziyizifiso ezingapheli. Abahlali ngababili, futhi banolaka lapho bebona umuntu othile, bethatha izimpi ezinhle kakhulu. Abantu abatadisha impilo nendawo yokuhlala yalezi zilwane basikisela ukuthi imisele yabesilisa nabesifazane iyaxhumana ndawo thile.
Incazelo ye-Zocor
Lesi silwane sicubungula ezihlorinnyh, amagundane ezinsini abukeka emuhle kakhulu.
I-Zocor - ummeleli wohlobo lwe-Myospalax, ekhona ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zaseNyakatho ye-Asia zamacici angaphansi komhlaba. Unomzimba onamasheya ofana nowesilinda se-fluffy. Inhloko yayo enkulu, ngaphandle kwentamo ebekiwe, igeleza kahle emzimbeni omile. I-chocor inemilenze emifushane emine, egqunywe umqhele ngezingubo ezinkulu eziqhathaniswa nomzimba. Zifaka phakathi kwe-arc, zifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-6, lokhu kwenza ukuthi isilwane sikwazi ukunqoba kalula amabanga amakhulu ngaphansi komhlaba, siyikhiphe ngamawashi ayo. Amaphilisi weminwe alukhuni, awambozwe ngoboya. Ama-paws makhulu futhi athembekile, kanti izindwani ezinde zangaphambili ziyazilola futhi ziqine kakhulu, okwenza sikwazi ukumba ngokungapheli. Ama-forelegs makhulu kunemilenze yasemuva.
Amehlo amancane anake kakhulu ukukhanya, ngoba endaweni yawo evamile isilwane asifane kakhulu ngemisebe yelanga, ngakho-ke zifihlwe ngoboya ukuze zivikeleke ngangokunokwenzeka ezinhlayiyeni zomhlaba eziwela emhlolweni. Umbono we-Zocor, ngokungafani nezinkolelo zabaningi, awunamandla, kepha usekhona namanje. Ngisho nokufika phezulu, lesi silwane silinganisela lokhu kushoda ngokuzwa okubukhali kakhulu nokuzwa kwephunga. I-auricle ifushane futhi ifihlwe ngoboya obukhulu.
Isilwane sikuhogela ngokuphelele ukudla, kusesimweni esichitha isikhathi saso esiningi. Ulalela futhi ngezikhathi ezithile, aqaphele imisindo yakho konke okwenzekayo ebusweni. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukuba nzima ukubamba. Njengoba usuzwile izinyathelo, i-tzokor ayisoze yawela kulabo abangaphili ngokuqonda. Ngendlela - futhi umlingiswa wabo akanabo ubungane kakhulu. Izingane kuphela ezingabavumela ukuba bazidonsele ndawonye. Abantu abadala banempi enkulu.
Umsoco we-Zocor
UZokor uthanda izitshalo eziningi, ama-bulbs awo, ama-tubers, ama-rhizomes. Kuyo yonke inkathi, lesi silwane sigcina konke lokhu okuhle ngobunzima obukhethekile ebusika. Kulokhu, kuma-labyrinths esilwane kunamakamelo akhethekile we-pantry.
Njengokuhlinzekelwa, ungahlangabezana nakho konke okukhula lapho kuhlala khona isilwane. Uma kunensimu yamazambane eduzane, khona-ke iningi lakho konke ekuhlinzekeni kwe-zapor ngokuqinisekile kuzoba namazambane. Isitokwe esincane sokudla kwezilwane ebusika okungenani singama-8 kg. Konke lokhu kudliwa ngokwemvelo ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukuthi uzitholele ukudla.
Ukuzala futhi isikhathi sokuphila se -hathor
Izilwane zizalela kanye ngonyaka. Ukubeletha kwenzeka ikakhulukazi eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaMashi. Imvamisa, awekho ngaphezu kwamawele ama-5. Zimpumputhe ngokuphelele, azinazinwele futhi azisizi.
Owesifazane unakekela zonke izingane. Cishe kuya maphakathi no-June, izingane esezivuthiwe seziqala ukugubha amakhaya azo. UJuni yisikhathi sezitshalo ezinkulu kakhulu zezitshalo, ngakho-ke azizwa yindlala futhi zikhula ngokushesha.
Esithombeni, ingane uZokora
Lapho zifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-8, izilwane sezikulungele ukuzala izingane futhi zingahlukana ngokuphelele nonina. Isikhathi sokuphila kwalesi silwane asikho ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5.
05.02.2018
I-Altai Zokor (lat.Myosplax myosplax) iyi-rod ephakathi nendawo emndenini wama-Mole-amagundane (Splalacidae). Ngaphandle, kufana nama-moles amakhulu noma ama-shrews futhi ivumelaniswa nendlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba. Lesi silwane siyasebenza unyaka wonke futhi endaweni yaso sivame ukubhekwa njengesilwane esidala ukulima.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Ama-Zocors ngamagundwe aphakathi nendawo anesisindo kusuka ku-150 kuya ku-560 amagremu. Ummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke - u-Altai Zokorikhula ibe ngu-600 amagremu. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane buqala ngamasentimitha ayi-15-27. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu kunabesilisa, isisindo sabo singaphansi kwama-gramu ayi-100.
Ama-Zocors ambozwe amafushane, aminyene, acwebezelana, kodwa amnandi ku-touch fur, uhlelo lombala ngalo, ngokuya ngezinhlobo nokuhlangana komhlaba, lisuka ku-grey to brown-brown or pinkish. Kuhlobo olulodwa, isizungulu sihlotshiswe ngebala elimhlophe, kwesinye ngemivimbo emhlophe etholakala emsileni.
I-chocor inomsila omfushane wobume be-conical, ubude bayo busuka ku-3 kuya ku-10 amasentimitha, ngokuya ngosayizi womnikazi. Umsila ungapendwe emthunzini owodwa, ube mnyama ngokuphelele, noma-ke kube mnyama ngaphezulu, kube lula phezu kwephansi (noma ithiphu emhlophe ngokuphelele). Kukhona nemisila, njengokungathi yephulwe izinwele ezimpunga ezikhanyayo phezu kwayo yonke indawo, futhi kwezinye izinhlobo kukhona nama-ponytails angenalutho ngokuphelele.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Ama-Zokors angabacibisheli abanomdlandla futhi abanamakhono amakhulu. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi behamba. Bemba imigudu ngemilenze yabo yangaphambili eshwabene, babamba inhlabathi ekhishwe ngaphansi kwabo, beyiphonsa ngemuva ngemilenze yaboangemuva. Ngosizo lwamazinyo e-incisor, i-zapor iququda kalula kuma-rhizomes aphazamisa indlela. Lapho nje umhlaba omningi omningi usuqoqiwe ngaphansi kwesisu sesilwane, uwukhahlela ngemilenze yangemuva uqonde eceleni, bese uphenduka futhi udlulele inqwaba ngomhubhe, kancane kancane iwusondeze esibondeni.
Imisele yaseZokora yinde kakhulu. Ngokujula, angafinyelela kumamitha amathathu, ashesha ngobude ngamamitha angamashumi amahlanu. Zinesakhiwo esiyindida kunalokho, ngoba izindinyana nezimbobo zihlukaniswe ngamazinga kanye nezindawo. Izindawo zokudla zisondele kakhulu ebusweni futhi zihlwayelwe ngaphandle, ngoba isilwane sithoba umhlabathi ngokucophelela, siqala ngezimpande (nezimpande izilimo njengokudla kwazo okuthandayo) sidonsela lesi sitshalo ku-mink. Imisele okwesikhashana futhi ihlala njalo. Omunye uzogaya futhi akhohlwe ngokushesha ngabo, abanye bazobuya ngezikhathi ezithile empilweni yonke.
Umugqa ophambili uphuma amamitha ayi-2 ngaphansi komhlaba futhi unamakamelo ahlukile wokudlekwa, ukugcina ukudla nemfucuza. Inethiwekhi ebanzi yemihubhe engashoni idlula ngaphansi kwezitshalo zokudla. Izindunduma ezingenhla zibonisa indlela yezilwane ehamba ngaphansi komhlaba.
Ama-Zocors awazifihli, kodwa aziphatha kancane ngentshiseko. Kungezinyanga zasebusika lapho amathuba okuba ahlangane ngaphezulu. I-icy emhlabathini enokhaphethi oqhubekayo idlula i-oksijini kubi futhi isisekelo, sesaba ukugcwala, kuvame ukuphuma ebusweni. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi bangaba matasa ngokuzala. Ekupheleni kukaMashi, insikazi izale isamba esingama-3-5 ezinhlwini. Kunombono ngokusho ukuthi izimbobo zeduna nezowesifazane zihlanganiswa kuphi. Noma kunjalo, akukafakazelwa ngo-100% okwamanje, okusho ukuthi ihlala iyimfihlo. Yize iqiniso lokuthi lezi zilwane zatholakala eminyakeni engaphezulu kwamakhulu amabili edlule, okuningi mayelana nazo kuhlala kungaziwa, ngenxa yokuthi amaZocors ahola indlela yokuphila ecashile engaphansi komhlaba.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-zakor akuzona izilwane ezinobungani ikakhulukazi; zihlala zodwa. Ngisho ukuhlangana nabamele izinhlobo zazo kuziphathe ngokweqile, kuthatha zonke izinhlobo zokuhlaselwa.
Ukuziphatha
Leli pipi lisebenzisa iningi lesikhathi salo ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphezulu, kubonakala ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho ukucinga ukudla nalapho izingane zisuka kubazali bazo ziye endaweni entsha yokuhlala. Isilwane asiweli ekuweni hibernation. Ukondla kwenzeka ikakhulukazi kusihlwa nasekuseni.
Ubude bezakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba endaweni eyodwa kuforamu bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-150. Ziqukethe amakamelo okuhlala amaningi nemhubhe eminingi enobubanzi obuyi-8-13 cm, etholakala ngokujula okufika ku-30 cm.
Imigudu isetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukudla. Amagumbi okugcina kanye nezindlu zangasese zitholakala ku-15-25 cm ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba.
Indawo yokuhlala engaphansi komhlaba inezingqimba eziningana. Abaphansi kunabo bonke baphakathi kwe-50-110 cm (ubukhulu be-300 cm) ngokuya ngezimo zezulu. Imisele inezidleke ezingapheli nezesikhashana. Isidleke saphakade sihlala sisodwa kuphela futhi sisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ebusika.Itholakala eduze komnyango omkhulu futhi ifakwe ngotshani obuthambile namaqabunga omile ngaphakathi.
Wonke umhlaba omningi uphonswa phezulu ngendlela yama-molehill amakhulu, imvamisa etholakala ebangeni le-1-2 m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Esikhathini esingangehora, umbhuli onolwazi uyakwazi ukubeka umgodi ongafika kumamitha amathathu ubude.
I-Altai Zokor ihlala umhlambi futhi inolaka kubantu bakubo. Okuhlukile kwenziwa kuphela kubantu bobulili obuhlukile ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Ukudla kufaka izimpande, ama-bulbs kanye nezingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo. Ekwindla, imenyu ihambisana nezilimo zokusanhlamvu.
Umuntu oyedwa omdala uyakwazi ukuvuna ama-8 kg okusanhlamvu nezinye izingcezwana ezidliwayo zezitshalo ebusika. Imvamisa amakhambi omile ahlala esitokisini. Ziyadliwa lapho kungenzeki ukuthola okunye ukudla. Ebusika obubandayo, i-zapor, isesha okudla, ihamba ngaphansi kweqhwa. Okokumba izimbobo, kusetshenziswa izindandatho zemisipha yemisipha.
Izinhlobo Zokors
Ama-Zocor atholakala endaweni yeRussian Federation ahlukaniswe ngokwezigaba ezintathu. Lezi yizinhlobo zeDaursky, Manchurian ne-Altai. Eyokuqala ihlala eTransbaikalia, ayisiyikhulu kangako, ubude bayo bufika kumasentimitha angama-20. Inombala olula womzimba ophezulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi njengoba inani labantu lisakazekela eningizimu nasempumalanga, imibala yezilwane ezihlala kulezi zindawo iba mnyama. Ngokungafani nabalingani bayo, iDaursky Zokor ingaphila ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi othambile, ngokwesibonelo, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinesihlabathi nesihlabathi.
Elesibili yiManchurian, isatshalaliswa eningizimu-mpumalanga yeTransbaikalia, ngasogwini lwe-Amur naseSouthern Primorye. Futhi, inani labantu bakhona lasakazeka eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina. Ngethonya elikhulayo lezolimo, inani lazo lehla ngokushesha. Okwamanje, bangena ezindaweni ezingandile, ezingazodwa. Izinga eliphansi lokuzala lwalezi zinhlobo lilimaza nesibalo sabantu. Owesifazane oyedwa weManchurianichior ukhiqiza izingane ezimbili kuya kwezine.
Okukhulu kunakho konke - i-Altai Zokor, ifinyelela isisindo samagremu angama-600 futhi ihlala emazweni ase-Altai. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bungamasentimitha angama-24. Umbala wayo uphethwe ngamathoni amnyama, aphenduka umbala obomvu, onsundu nokubomvu. Futhi umsila umbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe. Ekhaleni lalezi zigor kunesikhumba esikhulukazi esinezikhumba, sinama-paws abanzi, anamandla angajwayelekile ngesisindo esincane sesilwane.
Seziyi-7 sezizonke. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezintathu ezichazwe ngenhla, i-Ussuri Zokor, i-Chinese Zokor, uSmith Zokor kanye neRothschild Zokor zikhona.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-zabor kuzungeza umhlaba kufaka phakathi amazwe aseNyakatho neChina, iMongolia eseningizimu neNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Bakhetha izimbotshana ezisezindaweni ezinamahlathi, zithanda ukuhlala ezigodini zemifula, ikakhulukazi ezigodini zezintaba eziphakeme ukusuka kumamitha angama-900 kuye kwangama-2200. Zikhangwa yizindawo ezinamathafula ambozwe ngofudu, izilwane zizama ukugwema ukuthambeka ngamatshe namatshe sandwich. Indawo ekahle ye-zigor kufanele iqukethe i-chernozem egcwele inqwaba yamakhambi, nezilimo eziyizigaxa nazo zonke izinhlobo zama-rhizomes. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi la makhulu atholakala emadlelo, ezindaweni zamasimu ezolimo ashiywe, izihlahla zezithelo nezivande zemifino.
Yize ama-yogor evame ukubizwa ngokuthi “amagundane,” ama-moles angamalungu eqembu elihlangene lesilwane ezincelisayo (kufaka phakathi i-safetivora) kulezi zilwane, kanti futhi azibona ngamehlo, ngokunganaki, namehlo. Futhi abanobudlelwano obusondelene nobuzwe nezinye izinhlobo zamagundane aklebhu, njengamagundane ase-Afrika, amagundane ezinsika, amablesmols, izindundla ezimpumputhe, amagundane, izindunduma nezindawo ezifuywayo zasensimini. Ngokunokwenzeka, abakwa-zabor bangabameleli beqembu laseNyakatho Asia kuphela, abangenazo izihlobo eziseduzane, bazakhela onamacwecwe amancane (Myospalacinae) wezinduku. Umlando we-paleontological we-Zocor udlulela emuva ekugcineni kweMiocene (izigidi eziyi-11.2 kuya kwezi-5.3 million edlule) ukuya eChina.
Isabelo se-Zocor
Ngokungafani nezimpumputhe nezimvukuzane, i-chakor idla ukudla kwemvelaphi yesitshalo kuphela. Ukudla kwakhe kubandakanya ikakhulu izimpande, ama-bulbs nezitshalo zezimpande, kwesinye isikhathi adla amaqabunga kanye namahlumela. Ngokuvamile, konke okuza ngendlela yokwebiwa umgodi. Kungakusetshenziswa izikhathi eziwumbala kuphela lapho i-zakor ingadla izilwanyane zomhlaba njengokwahlukile. Kepha uma amahlathi amazambane ewela endleleni ye-zapor, ngeke athule aze adlulisele zonke izimbotshana emgodini wakhe. Ngenkathi yesikhathi sokuvuna, ukudla okungafika kumakhilogremu ayi-10 kungaba endaweni yokugcwala yase-Altai Zocor. Ngalokhu balimaza kakhulu umhlaba wezolimo. UZocor, obone amazambane engadini, uyisitha esibi kakhulu senkosi yakhe.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Akuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ukuthomba kulezi zilwane kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-1-2 yobudala. Ngokuyisisekelo, njengoba kakade inezinyanga eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili, imiphakathi eminingi ifinyelela ebusheni. Ngakho-ke - sekuyisikhathi sokucinga ngababili isikhathi sokuzalela. Eduze nobusika, ekwindla sekwephuzile, isikhathi sokuzala siqala. Futhi entwasahlobo, ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi, kuzalwa inzalo entsha. Owesifazane ubeletha isikhathi esisodwa kuphela ngonyaka, ekudleni kukhona izingane ezisukela kwezintathu kuya kwezingu-10, kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Imvamisa emndenini munye cishe ama-5-6 amawundlu azalwa. Bahamba nqunu ngokuphelele, abanenwele elilodwa, banamakhwela futhi bancane.
Njengoba abakwa -orsors behlala bodwa, umndeni wabo futhi uhlakulela kuphela isikhathi sokuzwana, okungukuthi, wezikhathi zekhefu. Ngakho-ke, insikazi kufanele ifundise izingane zodwa. Ngenhlanhla, kulokhu uthola izingono zobisi, ezitholakala esiswini emigqeni emi-3.
Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo, izinsana zikhula ngokwenele ekuchweni kokudla kwezitshalo futhi lapho sezizinyanga ezine ziqala ukuziphilela ngokuzimela kancane kancane. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-4 ubudala bayakwazi ukumba imigudu yabo, futhi nabaningi babo abangama-8 bazobe sebevele becabanga ngokuthola inzalo yabo.
Izitha zemvelo
Naphezu kokuqapha okukhulu ngenkathi ehamba ebusweni bomhlaba, i-zakor kwesinye isikhathi iba yinyama yezilwane zasendle. Uhlu lwezitha zalo zemvelo lungafaka izinyoni ezinkulu zezinyamazane, izikebhe nezimpungushe. Lezi zilwanyana ezigobayo zivele ebusweni ngenxa yezizathu eziningi: ukwakhiwa kabusha kwendlu ephuke umuntu, mayelana nokukhukhula umgodi noma ukulima kwayo. Futhi, izitha ezingathandabuzekiyo kufanele zithathwe njengomuntu.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Ama-Zocor abaluleke okwesibili kwezentengiso esintwini. Ezikhathini zasendulo, zazibanjelwa ukwenziwa kwemikhiqizo yoboya. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uboya babo buthambile impela futhi buhle ngokuthinta - izikhumba ze-zakor azisathandwa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zokuthunga. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuqothulwa kwalesi silwane kuyaqhubeka, ngoba i-zapor ibhekwa njengesilwane esinamandla ngempela sezilimo. Ezindaweni lapho isilwane singazange sidale umonakalo ngokudla kwaso kwama-rhizomes nezithelo, lapho "sathola" amafa omhlaba aphonswa phansi, aphazamisa ukulima komhlaba okwejwayelekile. Zivimbela ukugunda kwezilimo, ziphazamise ukulima.
Ama-Zokor futhi ahlaza izindawo zamadlelo ngemisebenzi yawo yokucwila.
Okuhlukile yi-Altai Zocor - uhlobo oludinga ukuvikelwa, oluphawulwa njengokunyamalala.
Futhi, endaweni Primorsky Territory, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka nokulondolozwa kwesibalo samaManchurian ucor, ngenxa yokwanda okukhulu komsebenzi wezolimo kanye nokuntuleka kwedatha ekwakhiweni kabusha kwale nhlobo. Njengezindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokuhlela izindawo ezigcinwe ngokuvinjelwa kokulinywa komhlaba.
