Inkawu ekhulayo (Aloautta senikulus) - inkawu enamakhala amaningi, ingeyomndeni wama-arachnids. Le nhlobo yezinkawu ithole inkazimulo yewashi le-alamu yemvelo, ukubhonga kwayo kungazwakala ekuseni kakhulu ngasikhathi sinye. Ama-Howler abukeka emuhle kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuba ubabheke ngaphandle kokumamatheka.
Ukungena, cishe amehlo abantu, kungathi ukungena phakathi ekujuleni komphefumulo. Kubukeka sengathi isilwane siyayiqonda le ndlela engenisa ngayo igama elilodwa. Zilungele ukulondolozwa kwasekhaya, kepha zizizwa zigodliwe futhi kaningi zimane zilusizi. Kungcono uma inkawu ekhalayo ihlala kwiphakethe eligcwele impilo, hhayi ekheji.
Impilo yezinsizwa
Imonkey monkey ehlala emahlathini anomswakama esifundeni sezintaba eCentral and Latin America. Abantu bakhona bahlala emindenini ehlukene, lapho kukhona khona ontanga abangaba ngu-15 kuye ku-40. Emiphakathini enjalo, kungahle kube nowesilisa nowesifazane oyedwa wezinsikazi. Kepha imvamisa kuba ngumndeni lapho abesilisa abaningana beminyaka ehlukahlukene, nabesifazane.
Njengoba wazi, abahlokomo bayasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ezihlahleni. Eholidini, inkawu ichitha kuze kufike ku-75% wesikhathi sayo. Zonke ezinye izikhathi zokuhalela zinikela ekondleni. Ngezinkathi ezomile, izilwane zenza izinguquko kanye nokufuduka. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehla kwemithombo yokudla. Umsila uyabasiza ukuthi bahambe futhi badabule phakathi kwezihlahla, babambe ukudla. Zihlala ngamaqembu noma imindeni, azakhi izidleke, zikhetha ukuhlala ngqo emagatsheni esihlahla esingaphezulu. Abathandi ukwehlela emhlabeni, bayasaba ukubhukuda.
Ukuchazwa kwendlela yokwesaba
Isilwane esitokile nesikhulu sinezilwane ezin ukubukeka okungajwayelekile kanye nezwi elikhulu, ngenxa yalokho sithole ukuthandwa okukhulu kubantu. Uhlobo lwe-Howler manje luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyishumi nanhlanu kanye nokubhalwe phansi okuningana okunokwehluka okumbalwa.
Ukubukeka
Umzimba wenkawu ekhalayo mkhulu kakhulu ngosayizi. Ubude bomzimba besilisa abadala bufika ku-62-63 cm, nezinsikazi ezingamasentimitha angama-46-60. Umsila ubamba futhi uqinile ngokumangalisayo, futhi ubude bebanga lomsila wesidoda esidala cishe buba amasentimitha angama-60-70. Kwabesifazane, umsila unobude obuhlaba umxhwele ngokulinganayo, kuyehlukahluka phakathi kwama-55-66 cm. Isilwane esidala sinesisindo esihehayo: isisindo sowesilisa singama-5- 10 kg, kuthi owesimame ovuthiwe asebangeni lama-3-8 kg.
Isimo esibonakalayo sokubonakala kokukamatheka ubukhona bomsuka osondele kakhulu namazinyo amakhulu angamashumi amathathu nesithupha, okunikeza lesi silwane esesabisayo ngisho nokuqina. Umhlathi we-primate ubanzi futhi unwetshiwe kancane phambili, futhi amaphisi awo ahlaba umxhwele avumela isilwane esinjalo ukuba sithole ngokushesha amakhukhunathi futhi siphuze nobisi kalula kubo.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Umuntu okhalisayo ovuthiwe ngokobulili unentshebe ende ehlukanisa ngokuhlukile kowesifazane, futhi izindawo ezingenazo izinwele ngokuphelele zimelelwa izindlebe, ubuso, izintende nezinyawo.
Ama-Howle athandwa kakhulu aseColombian avame ukuba mnyama ngombala, futhi ezinhlangothini zomzimba kukhona ijazi elide elibomvu okwegolide elifana nengubo enhle. Ukuphela komsila wokubamba kubonakaliswa ubukhona bendawo enamakhanda ayindilinga, esetshenziswa ngumlokhi ukubamba nokubamba ukudla. Kuwo wonke ubude bomsila kunezindlela ezihlotshisiwe noma ama-scallops angajwayelekile. Umlenze ngamunye wezilwane ezincelisayo unezinhlwayi ezinhlanu eziyishumi.
Ngabe udlani udlani?
Ukudla kwalezi zilwane kwehluka kakhulu: ukuqala ngezimbali nokuphela ngezinyoka ezinkulu. Zithanda nezilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni nezinambuzane. Ezinkathini zemvula, abahlebayo ngeke bathele izithelo. Ngosuku, isilwane singadla amaqabunga amaningana, amahlumela ezithelo nezithelo. Isisu sazo sakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi sisebenzise cellulose kahle futhi ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi silwane singadla amasonto kuphela amahlamvu nezimbali, kanti umzimba ngeke uswele micronutrients.
Ukuzala
Ama-Howler abomvu angazala unyaka wonke. Abazakhi ngababili ezingapheli, ngakho-ke isikhathi ngasinye lapho beshada nomlingani omusha. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-186 kuya ku-19 zokukhulelwa, insikazi, njengama-primates amaningi, izala ikonyana elilodwa elikhulu. Ubude bawo bufika ku-17- 24 cm, umsila mude kunomzimba. Amacube ambozwe ngoboya. Babambelela ngobovu boya esiswini sikamama.
Lapho izingane zikhula, izinsikazi zibathwala emhlane. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-18- 24. Sonke lesi sikhathi amawundlu ahleli ngemuva kwezinsikazi. Kungenxa yokuqunjelwa isikhathi eside ukuthi izinsikazi zilethe amawundlu njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3. Kwezinye izimo, izinsikazi zingase zizale amawele. Kwesinye isikhathi umholi omusha ubulala amawundlu asevele etholakala kwabesifazane. Isizathu sokuba nesihluku asicaci ngokuphelele. Mhlawumbe abesilisa benza lokhu ukuze bakwazi ukushada nabesifazane.
Kungani bebubula?
Ukukhala kwalezi zinkawu kubhekwa njengokukhulu kakhulu embusweni wezilwane. Zingazwakala nge-1,6 km. UCharles Darwin waveza ukuthi kuma-vertebrates, owesilisa omemeza kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukhombisa amandla akhe futhi uheha ukunakwa kwenani elikhulu kakhulu labesifazane. Lokhu kucatshangelwa kuqinisekisiwe kwezinye izinhlobo zamasele, kodwa maqondana nabahlaba umkhosi, kunobufakazi obuncane bokusekela lokhu.
Ngokomunye umbono, umhlambi wabahlokoma ngokukhala kwabo uthi amalungelo emithini yezithelo. Lokhu kucatshangelwa kubonakala kuyiqiniso, kodwa izakhiwo zokuvela kwe-growl zidinga ukufundelwa okuqhubekayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izifundo zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika ziye zenziwa ekuwuleni kwempilo yabahlisi abaphendula le mibuzo.
Abahlebayo bakhipha ukukhala kwabo okufana nempi, bevunguza emoyeni ngethambo lendlu ekhulisiwe emisebeni yabo. I-cartilage ye-laryngeal emadodeni inkulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Imisindo eyenziwe ngabesilisa bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene incike ngosayizi we-cartilage. I-male ginger howler ine-cartilage enkulu yama-laryngeal kune-Colombian Howler. Ukukhala kowokuqala kufana nokubulawelwa okujulile, kanti owesibili ufana nokugquma.
Bonke abesilisa bomhlambi wezinkomo bahambisa ngaphambi kokusa "ukucula ngokwezimo", lapho abesilisa bezinye izinkomo baphendula khona. Izindawo ezihlatshwe yimihlambi yabelukeli zigcizelela ingxenye yezindawo zezinye imihlambi. Lapho abesilisa bekhala ekuseni, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho umhlambi uthuthela endaweni entsha yokondla, badlulisela imininingwane yokuthi bakuphi emihlanjini engomakhelwane.
Lapho imihlambi emibili ihlangana, kuphakama i-din engenakucatshangwa. Bonke abantu, ikakhulukazi abesilisa abadala, baqala ukubhonga, bagxume, bagijime, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bayalwa. Abesifazane abavela kuzo zombili lezi zinkomo bayashesha ukusakazeka futhi kwesinye isikhathi balahleke ehlathini. Ngokusobala, ukuze kugwenywe ukuqina okungadingekile phakathi kwezinkomo, abesilisa bayabhonga.
Abathengayo banesikhundla phakathi kwezinkomo ezahlukahlukene. Kususelwa ezimfanelweni zokulwa nokuxhumana kwabesilisa abadala. Ukulalela ukubhonga kwabesilisa bezinkomo ezinamandla, ababuthakathaka bangagwema ukushayisana naye futhi basindise amandla abo. Kepha umhlambi oqinile ngasikhathi sinye uyazuza, ngoba amalungu awo akufanele avikele izihlahla zezithelo.
Ngakho-ke, inhloso yokububula ukusiza izinkawu zisebenzisa indawo yazo yokuphila ngendlela engcono kakhulu futhi zingabi nokushoda kokudla.
Ingozi ekhethekile kwabakhahlayo
Izibalo azilethi kabi. Emvelweni, ngenxa yendawo yazo yokuhlala, cishe azinazitha. Ingozi enkulu: inani lendawo. Abazingeli babulala abalukhuni ukwanelisa izidingo zabo zokudla. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-primates asetshenziselwa izinhloso zesayensi. Phakathi kwezingozi zemvelo zasendle, munye kuphela ongahlukaniswa - impukane yesinambuzane. Uhlala umphimbo womuntu okhalayo, obangela isifo esithile. Umphumela walokho “kwazana” nobunyoninco nesinambuzane kungukufa komkhululi.
AmaHitats, izinhlobo zezikhwanyana
Howler (Aloautta) - abamele umndeni wezinkawu ezinama-chain-tailed (capuchins). Banokusatshalaliswa kwendalo okubanzi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkawu zeNew World. Kutholakala kusuka eningizimu yeMexico kuya enyakatho yeArgentina. Hlala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi, ama-mangroves, ama-savannah asehlathini. Akhuphukela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-2500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Bathanda amahlosi aphansi naphakathi ehlathini.
Emndenini wabo, abakhalayo yizinkawu ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ubude bomzimba wabo ngokuya ngezinhlobo buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-45 kuye ku-63 cm, isisindo singafinyelela ku-9 kg. Ijazi lalezi zinhlobo lide impela, umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokukhanya obomvu kuya komnyama.
Umsila mude kunomzimba. Ngokuvamile, umsila udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu: inkawu uyisebenzisa njengesandla esengeziwe (uyayibamba ngegatsha, ayibambe ngezinto ezahlukahlukene, njll.). Inamandla futhi iqinile kangangokuba okhalazayo angakwazi ukugoqa ifindo ngensila yomsila wakhe azibambe abheke phansi isikhathi eside.
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezi-6 kuhlobo lwe-Aloautta.
1) I-Central American Howler (i-Alouatta pigra)
Kwenzeka e-Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), eGuatemala, Belize.
Izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu. Ijazi linamabala amnyama, limnyama.
2) I-Colombian Howler (i-Alouatta coibensis)
Ihlala eMelika Ephakathi.
Ijazi lisuka elinsundu liye kumnyama, linentambo yegolide emuva, ezinhlangothini zomphetho ophuzi onsundu womzimba
I-3) I-Red Howler (i-Alouatta seniculus)
Kwenzeka kusuka enyakatho neColombia kuye maphakathi neBolivia.
Ijazi linombala onsundu, isisu silula, isilevu simnyama.
4) Ukuhlaselwa okubomvu okuhlomile (i-Alouatta belzebul)
Ihlala eningizimu ye-Amazonia kusuka eMfuleni iMadeira kuya ogwini lwe-Atlantic.
Umbala wejazi usuka kumnyama-nsundu uye kumnyama, amachilo nesihloko somsila kubomvu.
5) UBrown Howler (Alouatta guariba)
Kuhlala ugu lwe-Atlantic lwaseBrazil.
Ijazi linombala omnyama, onsundu noma obomvu okumnyama, izinsikazi zilula kunezabesilisa.
6) I-Black Howler (i-Alouatta caraya)
Kutholakala eningizimu yeBrazil, eBolivia naseArgentina.
Abesilisa bamnyama ngokuphelele, izintokazi ezinombala onsundu.
Ukudla
Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwe-Howler ngamahlamvu. Izihlahla ezishisayo zimbozwe ngamahlamvu aminyene unyaka wonke, ngakho azinankinga yokuthola ukudla.
Ngamahlamvu amaningi kangaka, umuntu angamangala ukuthi kungani ezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu zingazange zidle amaqabunga. Kuyiqiniso, iningi lezinduna ezishisayo alizidli amaqabunga ngamanani anjengokukhalaza, futhi ezinye azizidli nhlobo.
Kepha amaqabunga anomdwebo obaluleke kakhulu - angamakhalori aphansi. Ukuze wandise amandla abo okubuyisa, abakhahlayo kufanele bakhethe kakhulu. Babheka kuphela amapheshana amancane, angumthombo wamandla owusizo ngokwengeziwe.
Ngamaqabunga enhlokomo yodwa angahlala amasonto ambalwa, kodwa uma kunokwenzeka, adla izithelo nezimbali.
Ama-Howler kufanele alandele umbuso oqinile wokonga amandla, ohambisana nokudla kwawo kilojoule ephansi. Abachithi amandla abo ngeze: isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yesikhathi sasemini, izilwane zilala noma ziphumula nje, bese zinikela isikhathi esisele ekudleni.
Abakwa Howler bakhombisa ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi phakathi kobulili. Umsebenzi wabesilisa ukuvikela umhlambi ezilwaneni futhi uxazulule izingxabano phakathi kwezihlobo. Ngokukhala kwabo okukhulu nangokungathi yimpi, bafuna amalungelo ezihlahla zezithelo phakathi kwensimu. Abesifazane, okwamanje, bazibophezele ngokuphelele ekunakekeleni inzalo.
Lapho kuhlala khona okhalazayo omkhulu
Indawo yokuhlala yalaba baculi yindawo enokhuni yezindawo eziphakeme eziningi. Izindawo ezingama-Lowland nezinezintaba azifani. Muva nje, ukuthuthelwa okukhulu kwezinkawu kuya ezihlathini zekhofi sekurekhodwe, okungukuthi - engxenyeni eseningizimu yeMexico.
Indlela enomsindo yempilo
Njengoba wazi, abahlokomo bayasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ezihlahleni. Eholidini, inkawu ichitha kuze kufike ku-75% wesikhathi sayo. Zonke ezinye izikhathi zokuhalela zinikela ekondleni. Ngezinkathi ezomile, izilwane zenza izinguquko kanye nokufuduka. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehla kwemithombo yokudla. Umsila uyabasiza ukuthi bahambe futhi badabule phakathi kwezihlahla, babambe ukudla. Zihlala ngamaqembu noma imindeni, azakhi izidleke, zikhetha ukuhlala ngqo emagatsheni esihlahla esingaphezulu. Abathandi ukwehlela emhlabeni, bayasaba ukubhukuda.
Ukubona okhalayo emhlabeni kungumbala ongatheni.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
UHowler ungomunye wabakhulu eBrazil. Isimo esinjalo siyi-acrobat ebabazekayo, futhi umsila omangalisayo futhi owakhiwe kahle usetshenziswa njalo yinkawu njengesihlahla sesihlanu. Ngokwemvelo yazo, konke okukhaliphile kuyizilwane ezincelisayo ezolile ezihlala zisebenza kuphela ngezikhathi zasemini.
Uhlu lokunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwezinsuku luhlanganisa ukuhamba endaweni yakho, kanye nokondla. Ngokuqala kwesikhathi sobusuku, abokuhleba bathanda ukulala, kepha abanye abesilisa ngisho nasebusuku abayeki ukukhala kakhulu ngokwenele futhi ngokwesabisa.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Kwesinye isikhathi imbangela yokulwa kwegazi kuwuphawu lokunaka lapho owesimame ebekezelela khona abobulili obuhlukile, elingelelo qembu elingumakhelwane, nokulwa phakathi kwabesilisa kube ngolaka olukhulu, kanti ophumelele empeleni uqeda isisulu sakhe.
Endle, ama-primates ahlangana emiphakathini yemindeni eyingqayizivele, imvamisa ifaka phakathi kwabayishumi nanhlanu kuya kwabayishumi nesikhombisa. Eqenjini ngalinye elinjalo kuhlala kuhlala owesilisa ovelele, kanye nephini lakhe nezinsikazi eziningana.
Kungokubhonga okukhulu lapho owesilisa okhalisayo azisa ngemingcele yendawo yakhe yonke, kepha ukuntuleka kokuhlukaniswa okucacile kwale ndawo kuvame ukudala izimpi phakathi kwamaqembu amaningi. Kungale mpi lapho kufa abesilisa abaningi.
Izinzuzo kanye nokulimaza kubantu
Akukho okubi okuvela kulezi zilwane kubantu. Kepha inzuzo ukuthi inani lendawo lisebenzisa inyama yokwalusa. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi lezi zinkawu zisetshenziselwa isayensi.
Futhi uzwe umsindo omkhulu wokukhalela, ungagijimisi ukubaleka, mhlawumbe kuyinkawu ekhalayo. Lesi isilwane esincane esisheshayo, ubude baso bomzimba sisuka kumasentimitha angama-40 kuya kwangama-70, futhi isisindo somzimba waso singama-kilogremu ayi-6,5 kuphela. Ngosayizi omncane kangako, ukubhonga kwenkawu kuyezwakala ngamakhilomitha amaningi. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zenjwayelo ezibomvu zi-Howler kanye no-Central American Howler; eyokugcina inombala onsomi omnyama.
Howler for "ukucula"
Ngalezi zikhalo, izinkawu ziyaxhumana nezihlobo zazo futhi zenga izintokazi, ngakho-ke ziyaxhumana ukuthi zikuphi. Inkawu iyasebenza phakathi nosuku, idla ukudla kwezitshalo, amaqabunga ezihlahla noma zezithelo. Umuntu okhalazayo uphumule u-75%, bese isikhathi sonke esafuna ukudla. Emahlathini acebile aseNingizimu Melika, ukuthola izithelo ezimnandi kulula.
Abakwa Howler bahlala ngamaqembu. Ziyizinkawu zezihlahla, okusho ukuthi akuvamile ukuthi zehle emhlabeni. Zihlala esihlahleni esingaphezulu sehlathi. Umsila omude usiza kakhulu isilwane ukusuka egatsheni siye kwelinye. Abazakhi izidleke, bakhetha ukuchitha ubusuku ngqo esihlahleni “esingenalutho.”
Ukuhlikiza okubomvu
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, insikazi ilambisa owesilisa ngemidanso futhi ibonise ukuqina kwelebhu. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ingane izalwe, inesisindo esingu-500 amagremu kuphela. Ingane ihlala nonina kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha, ngemuva kokuthi umama ezame ukuchitha isikhathi esincane naye. Ngonyaka ukukhala sekuvele kuzimele ngokuphelele.
Muva nje, ososayensi bathole ukutholakala. Baye bafunda ukuthi ukukhala kakhulu kokukhamuluka, nokuncipha kwamalunga akhe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukunikela kwezinsizakusebenza ekwakhiweni kwezwi elinamandla nezitho ezihlobene nalo ngesikhathi sokukhula kwethanga akushiqi amandla ekuthuthukisweni kwezitho zangasese ezinkulu.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka ukuthi ama-ligaments anamandla nama-pharynx axosha amanye amadoda ngempumelelo futhi ahehe izintokazi lapho abanikazi bawo bengadingi ukuthola amasende amakhulu.
IHowler (Alautauta) luhlobo olufaka abamele izinkawu ezibanzi ezingenalutho ezingomndeni omkhulu wama-arachnids (Atelidae). Abamele abakhanya njalo abangajwayelekile besigaba samaMammals nama-Primates oda bayakwazi ukwenza imisindo ebhongayo kakhulu, okuyisizathu segama labo langempela.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Umzwilili ongafundile obomvu ofunde (i-Alouatta bélzebul) usenkingeni eBrazil futhi utholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu mpumalanga ye-Amazon nasezindaweni zamahlathi asogwini phakathi kweSergipe neRio Grande do Norte. IBlack Howler (i-Alouatta caraya) itholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Argentina, ezindaweni ezisempumalanga yeBolivia, empumalanga naseningizimu yeBrazil noma eParaguay, kanye ne-howler brown, lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa njengoseningizimu kakhulu kubo bonke abameleli bohlobo olukhulu.
IGuyana howler (i-Alouatta macconnelli), esanda kwehlukaniswa, isendaweni enhle kakhulu eGuana Highlands, enyakatho noMfula iAmazon, empumalanga yeRio Negro naseningizimu ye-Orinoco, nendawo yayo ingahle idlulele eduze naseningizimu. kusuka emkhakheni we-Amazon, ezindaweni eziphakathi kwemifula iMadeira neTapajos.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! ICoiban howler (i-Alouatta coibensis) imelelwa yizinhlangano ezinkulukazi ezimbili futhi isishubile ePanama, kanti iBrown howler (Alouatta guariba) ihlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisemahlathini eningizimu mpumalanga yeBrazil futhi itholakala nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Argentina.
Abamele izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Amazonia Howler (Alouatta nigerrima) esikhathini esithile esidlule babebhekwa njengeqembu lokukhalaza elihlome libomvu. Bahlala ezindaweni ezihlobene nendawo ephakathi neBrazil. IBolivian Howler (Alouatta sara) ihlala endaweni yasenyakatho nephakathi neBolivia, emingceleni nePeru neBrazil. I-Central American howler (Alouatta pigra) itholakala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi aseBelize, eMexico naseGuatemala. I-Howler ebomvu noma ebomvu (i-Alouatta seniculus) iyisakhamuzi esijwayele ukuhlalwa kwezindawo ezisuka e-Amazon ziye eColombia, ukusuka enkabeni yeBolivia kuye e-Ecuador.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Ama-Howler abomvu ahlala entshonalanga ye-Amazon basin empumalanga ye-Andes eceleni koMfula iMadeira. Zitholakala eVenezuela, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador naseBrazil. Ukuze bathole indawo yokuhlala, bakhetha amahlathi emvula asendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1200 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Bachitha iningi lezimpilo zabo ezihlahleni. Umsila oguqukayo oguquguqukayo, osetshenziswa njengengxenye eyengeziwe, ubasiza ukuba bahambe ngokushesha phakathi kwamagatsha. Njengoba sehle emhlabathini, inkawu ihamba ngemilenze emine, ihlanganisa ukuhamba nama-jumps amancane.
Ukuziphatha
Ama-Howler ahlala emaqenjini, inani lawo ngokuvamile abantu abangama-5-7. Ekhanda lawo kuhlala kungowesilisa oqinile futhi onolwazi kakhulu.
Izinkawu ziphila impilo yansuku zonke. Ngenkathi ngifuna ukudla, iqembu lihamba kancane futhi ngokucophelela liqonde eziqongweni zezihlahla, ngaphandle kokukhipha ukukhala kwempi. Ukuba khona kwabahlaba umkhosi kukhipha kuphela izinsalela zesidlo eziwela emhlabathini.
Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, wonke umhlambi ushaya umhlaseli ngezihlakala nangemikhiqizo yomsebenzi wawo obalulekile, uthuthele ngenhloso endaweni ephephile. Imvamisa indawo enjalo ingamagatsha alenga ngaphezulu kobuso bamanzi.
Izinkawu zehla ezihlahleni ngokuyinhloko ngosawoti. Ukubuyisa ibhalansi kasawoti emzimbeni, baphuza amanzi ezimbizeni noma amatshe akhanyayo agcwele amaminerali.
Ukudla komkhululi kufaka izithelo, amantongomane, izimbali, namaqabunga amancane ezitshalo ezidliwayo.
Izinkawu zithanda ukulala futhi zichitha okungenani amahora ayi-14 nsuku zonke ephusheni. Ukudla okuphansi kuma-carbohydrate kubenza bonge amandla futhi bagweme ama-hassles nabamele amanye amaqembu.
Ukugquma okukhulu kusiza ukugcizelela amalungelo akho kuleyo ndawo futhi wonge amandla akho okudla. Uma ukushayisana kuba okungenakugwenywa, abesilisa bazama ukubhubhisa izinsizwa zeqembu lezihambi, zibabone njengabazoncintisana nabo esikhathini esizayo.
Izinhlobo: Alouatta seniculus Linnaeus = Ginger [Red] Howler
U-Howler obomvu, inkawu ebomvu yokwalusa: U-Alouatta seniculus Linnaeus, 1766 - uhlala enyakatho Melika esuka eColombia uya eVenezuela. Abakwa-Red Howler babhaliswe eBolivia, eBrazil, eColombia, e-Ecuador, eFrance Guyana, ePeru, eSuriname naseVenezuela.
Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinkawu zaseMelika, usayizi wenja enkulu. Ubuso abunqunu, bunqunyelwe yiboya, bunama-muzzles avelele namakhala aphezulu. Ama-Howler abomvu anentamo enamandla nomhlathi ophansi ovulekile, obanikeza ukubukeka okwesabekayo nenkulumo engathandeki.
Ama-red howler anejazi elide, elinesilika. Bobabili ubulili bunomsila omude obambe ongezansi, ombozwe ngoboya obukhulu ngaphandle kokungaphansi kwecala lesithathu, elingenalutho. Lokhu kuvumelana nokubamba amagatsha omsila.
Ama-red Howler anama-molars angenhla anama-scallops abukhali, awasebenzisayo ukugaya amahlumela, izindlala ezinkulu ze-salivary zisiza inqubo yokugaya ukudla futhi zibhidlize imisele engxenye yesitshalo ihlumela ngaphambi kokuba ukudla kufinyelele esiswini nasemathunjini.
Umbala wejazi ubomvu noma u-tan, yize umthunzi wawo ushintsha kancane ngobudala.
Ama-red howler abonakala nge-dimorphism yezocansi ngosayizi womzimba. Ubude bekhanda nomzimba wabesifazane bungu-46-57 cm, abesilisa bangama-49-72 cm, ubude bomsila (49-75 cm). Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo somuntu oshayayo singamakhilogremu angama-4,5-6,5; ngokusho kweminye imithombo, siyehluka kusuka ku-5700-7400 g, kanti isisindo sabantu besilisa nabesifazane singu-6.690 g no-5.210 g, ngokulandelana.
Umuthi obomvu uhlala ehlahleni oluhlala lubanda futhi lunamahlathi aqothulayo.
Izitha: Ukhozi lwedlozi luzingela ngempumelelo hhayi kuphela ulutsha, kodwa futhi nabadala ababomvu. Kukhona okuqaphelekile lapho i-harpy ihlasela owesilisa osemdala, wayibamba ngezihlakala zayo wayithwala ibanga elingamamitha angama-30 emoyeni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinkozi ze-harpy zinesisindo esiphansi kakhulu kunabesilisa abadala.
Intsha eningi ibulawa ngabesilisa abangabodwa abahlasela iqembu lomndeni. Futhi yize omama bezama ukuvikela izingane zabo, zingamaphesenti angama-25 kuphela ezisinda ngokuphumelelayo. I-infanticide iyimbangela enkulu yokufa kwezinsana ku-Howler ebomvu.
Ngokusobala, lezi zilwane zihlala ekudingisweni kuze kube iminyaka engama-25, ngokwemvelo - okuncane kakhulu. Isilwane esisodwa esizalwa ngokwemvelo sasisaphila ngemuva kweminyaka engama-22,8 sisekudingisweni.
Ama-red howler - adume ngo- "ch wawo wabo wokuqala": ukubhonga kwezithulu okungazwakala kukude ngamakhilomitha ayi-5. Kulesi sikhalo esibuhlungu, esenziwa ikakhulukazi ngabesilisa beqembu, zonke ezinye izigcawu zomsweli oyisiphukuphuku kunazo zonke ziyaphendula ngaphakathi kwendlebe. Ngakho-ke, ukushumeka ngakunye kungakwazisa njalo okunye ngokuqanjwa kwayo nendawo okuyo, okukugwema ukuxabana okubizayo okunamandla ngenxa yezikweletu nokulawula izinsiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le kholi yazisa nezilwane ezihlala zodwa mayelana nokuthi ziphi izizwe zabanye abantu.
Ama-red howler angabadli abuluhlaza ikakhulukazi, adla kakhulu ngamaqabunga amancanyana kanye namahlumela nezithelo. Amaqabunga aqukethe izakhi zomzimba omncane, kepha umphimbo we-Howler unezigaba ezimbili lapho kuhlala khona amagciwane agaya i-cellulose. Amathumbu athatha ingxenye yesithathu yomzimba. Umhlathi ophansi onamandla futhi uhlonza ukuhlafuna amaqabunga ngokuphelele. Ama-Howler angadla amahlamvu owodwa amasonto, ngaphandle kokuhlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba noma umkhondo.
Ama-red Howler abuye futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kokugaya kokudla kwawo, ekhetha amahlumela amancanyana amancanyana anomsoco ngokwedlulele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badla amantongomane, izithelo ezimnandi nezimbali lapho zitholakala. Izilwane ezincane nazo zivame ukudliwa uma zibanjwa yizinkawu. Lokhu okuphakelayo yizengezo ezibalulekile ekudleni kwenkawu, okungama-40% amahlumela aluhlaza.
Abahluphi bachitha cishe impilo yabo yonke ehlathini elingaphezulu lehlathi, lapho badla khona ngamaqabunga, izimbali nezithelo. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhalori okuphakelayo, ama-howler abomvu ayaphoqelelwa ukuthi onge amandla awo ngokuhamba kancane nokuncane ehlathini, amboza cishe ama-400 m kuphela ngosuku. Owesilisa ovelele usesha ukudla komzimba oseqheleni lwehlathi.
Izinkawu zikhuthele kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa, ziphumula kakhulu maphakathi nosuku nobusuku, zilele ezihlahleni. Ngenxa yokuvumelana nezimo zabo nokuhamba kancane, bayakwazi ukulala amahora angu-15 ngosuku.
Le nhlobo isebenzisa umsila wayo lapho ihamba njengokusekelwa futhi ilondoloze ibhalansi, kepha ikakhulukazi lapho isuthisa, ukudonsa igatsha ngesibambiso.
Ama-red wayler asabela okuhlekisayo ezinsukwini zemvula ngenkathi yezimvula ezishisayo. Ephendula izimvula ezinamandla, ayabhokisa ngaphambi kokuba asondele, futhi lapho kuqala imvula zihlale zingagungqi, zigobeke kuze kube kuphela imvula.
Kungekudala ngemuva kokuntwela kokusa, iqembu ngalinye labakhalazi, elisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-20 ngaphezu komhlaba, lizivivinya okungenani imizuzu eyi-15 ngokuhlabelela okukhulu ngokhwaya, liphazamise ukubamba umoya, futhi lalela nokucula kwamaqembu angomakhelwane be-Howlay.
Abesilisa abasebasha bahlala ngaphandle kweqembu lapho befikisa. Njengoba sebevuthiwe ngokocansi, bafuna iqembu elisha elizomjoyina. Unamathela esivumelwaneni esisha, owesilisa uvame ukubulala yonke inzalo yangaphambili, eyeduna elihlonishwayo, futhi indawo yakhe yathatha indawo yokuhlangana, ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi akasichithi isikhathi ngokungenhloso, ebuka izingane zenye inkawu, kodwa aqhubeke nokuzala.
AbakwaHowler bahlala emaqenjini emindeni yabantu abangama-5-40, phakathi kwabo munye kuphela, kuvame kakhulu ukuba ngabesilisa - abadala.
Lapho sebefinyelele ebusheni, izinsizwa ezincane ziyaxoshwa eqenjini lomndeni futhi ziphoqelelwa ukuba zifune umhlambi omusha. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi owesilisa amukelwe, uqala ukukhubazeka ngamawundlu amancane, azwakalise ukungeneliseki nganoma iyiphi enye inzalo, ngaphandle kwezakhe. Omama bavikela izingane, kepha kulokhu, ngemuva kokuhlukumezeka kowesilisa, akukho ngaphezu kwe-25% yazo zonke izingane ezisindayo. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ithole liba yinto yokunakwa kwabesifazane abaningi, cishe lezo zintokazi ezingenazzala ziyayinakekela. Abesilisa bayabekezelela inzalo yabo, bavumela namawundlu ukuba akhanyeke eceleni kwabo.
Njengezinye izinhlobo zokweyisa, zizalela unyaka wonke. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho okuvela eVenezuela, inzalo mancane amathuba okuzalwa esikhathini semvula ukusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Imijikelezo ye-Estral iyaphindwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-16 ukuya kwezingu-20, kuthi izinsikazi zihlale zithambekele ekuphandeni nasekukhawulweni izinsuku ezingama-2-4.
Ngemuva kokubeletha, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziba yingqondo yokunakwa kwabesifazane abaningi abakha iqembu. Imvamisa, laba besifazane ngaphandle kwezinsana zabo, futhi imizwa yabo iheha lezi zingane. Abesifazane banobungane obukhulu ezinganeni. Imvamisa kwesinye isikhathi kwesinye isikhathi zivumela ingane ukuthi ikhanye phezu kwabo.
Ukuziphatha kokuthandana kwabantu ababhinqile obomvu kungenye into ethokozisayo yokuxhumana kwabo kwezenhlalo. Abesilisa nabesifazane bakha umbhangqwana wokuzala, onobudlelwano bendawo obusondele ngokungajwayelekile, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba buqale ubuhlobo bobulili. Lapho nje lezi zinhlangano sezakhiwe, izicelo eziqhubekayo zocansi kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ziqala. Yize isenzo sokuyenga singenziwa yibo bobabili ubulili, owesimame uvame ukuthatha indima enolaka. Izama ukuheha owesilisa, insikazi iyasondela kuye futhi ihamba kahle ngesiga sayo. Owesilisa uvame ukumphendula ngendlela efanayo, kepha uma engenzi ukunyakaza okunjalo, insikazi imane nje inyenge enye indoda.
Umncintiswano wezocansi obuhlanyayo uvame ukubonwa phakathi kwabesilisa, amalungu eqembu, ahlanganisa abesilisa abasebancane abavuthiwe, afike abhekane nabesilisa abahlala eqenjini labesifazane (elixubekile) ngomzamo wokuba yilungu. Abesilisa abaxoshwa emaqenjini abo abazalelwe kuwo, manje, lapho sebefinyelele ebusheni, kufanele bahlasele elinye iqembu ukuze bakwazi ukufinyelela kwabesifazane. Uma bephumelela, imvamisa, okokuqala, bachitha izingane ezisanda kuqalwa eqenjini kusuka kowesilisa owedlule, ngenhloso yokushiya inzalo yazo kuphela.
Ukukhulelwa: izinsuku eziyi-140-190. Kuzalelwa iwundlu elilodwa, kepha amacala angamawele ayaziwa. Isisindo sokuzalwa kwezinsana singama-263 g. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa azisizi ngalutho futhi zigcinwe ngunina, zinamathela ngokuqinile ebusheni bakhe esiswini sakhe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba esekhulile kancane, uthuthela emuva kunina, ngaphezu kwalokho ubambe umsila wakhe phansi komsila kanina, futhi ngendlela efanayo uhamba neqembu ehlathini.
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zivame ukugxilwa ukunakwa kwezinye izintokazi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingenazingane zazo. Abesifazane bavame ukuthinta ingane ngesineke nangezandla zabo, futhi bakhuthaze izenzo zabo uma ingane ifuna ukukhwela phezu kwabo.
Kakade eseneminyaka nenyanga ayazi ukuthi angawabamba kanjani amagatsha awo ngomsila wawo, futhi kusukela lapho umama akakhathaleli ukuphepha kwawo. Izingane ziyagibela omama bazo okungenani unyaka owodwa bese ziqhubeka nokudla ubisi lwebele izinyanga eziyi-18 ukuya kwezingu-24. Abesifazane bafika esikhathini sokuthomba beneminyaka emi-5 ubudala, abesilisa kube ngu-7. Ngakho-ke, izinsikazi zifaka ukuzala iminyaka embalwa ngaphambili kunabesilisa.
I-Howler ebomvu iyona evame kakhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobonhlobo zoMhlaba oMusha futhi ayinasici esikhethekile sokuvikela. Zisavamile futhi ziningi eBrazil, kepha kwezinye izindawo ziye zaqabukela, mhlawumbe kungenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo yazo yokuhlala.
Monkey Howler (Aloautta senikulus) is izinkawu ngamakhala amaningi angabomndeni ama-arachnids . Le nhlobo yezinkawu ithole inkazimulo yewashi le-alamu yemvelo, ukubhonga kwayo kungazwakala ekuseni kakhulu ngasikhathi sinye. Ama-Howler abukeka emuhle kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuba ubabheke ngaphandle kokumamatheka.
Ukungena, cishe amehlo abantu, kungathi ukungena phakathi ekujuleni komphefumulo. Kubukeka sengathi isilwane siyayiqonda le ndlela engenisa ngayo igama elilodwa. Zilungele ukulondolozwa kwasekhaya, kepha zizizwa zigodliwe futhi kaningi zimane zilusizi. Kungcono uma monkey uzophila ephaketheni impilo egcwele, hhayi ekheji.
Izici ze-monkey Howler nendawo yokuhlala
Monkey Howler - Enye yezinkawu ezinkulu kunazo zonke eBrazil. Uthole igama lakhe ngokusuka enhliziyweni athuke lokho kuzwakala amakhilomitha amaningi nxazonke. Kuya ngokuthi indawo yokuhlala , ijazi lingaba bomvu, likhanye noma libe nsundu, libe mnyama ngombala.
Akunazinwele emhlolweni, umhlathi ubanzi impela, welulwa kancane phambili. I-primate inama-fangs ahlaba umxhwele, okukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukhukhunathi futhi uphuze ubisi noma ujusi.
Ingxenye engezansi yesizalo ihlanganiswa ngentshebe ehlanzekile. Iwashi ngalinye linezihlakala ezinhlanu eziyishumi. Ukuphela komsila kuyimpandla ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo njalo; ama-scallops namaphethini wamaphethini atholakala kulo lonke ubude.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke bathanda ukuhlala egatsheni futhi badlale izingoma ezinomsindo. Ngaleyo ndlela, kwenze umlaleli athuke, futhi wanikeza izihlobo uphawu lwensimu yazo.
Izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu monkey -iyiCentral American (ihlala enyakatho yeNingizimu Melika neMexico) nebomvu (iGuiana neVenezuela). Ubude bomzimba buqala ku-40 kuye ku-70 cm, umsila unobude obungama-50-75 cm, unesisindo esingama-10 kg.
Ijazi eliminyene eligcwele umzimba wonke. Umbala ungaba bomvu, kwesinye isikhathi uphenduke umnyama. Amadoda ajwayele ukuba nentshebe, athande ukuwagwaza, kube sengathi acabanga. Izinsikazi zincanyana kancane kusuka kwabesilisa.
Khethekile ukhalelani monkey ngenxa yokuba khona kwezikhwama zomphimbo. Baqoqa amathe nomoya, lapho sebedonsa umoya, baxuba, bese kuthi ekutholeni umoya kubhungulwe ubhongho. Okuthile njengabalingisi bemvelaphi yemvelo.
Ukudla kwenkawu
Ukudla okuyinhloko monkey - luhlaza okotshani kwezihlahla, izimbali, izithelo, izithelo, amahlamvu amancane kanye amahlumela. Kwesinye isikhathi ungabuka ukuthi leyakudala ifaka kanjani inhlabathi emlonyeni wakhe.
Ngalokhu, uzama ukuguqula impahla enobuthi yezitshalo ezithile. Amaminerali enhlabathi aqoqa izinto ezinobuthi futhi, ngaphandle kokulimaza, akhishwa emzimbeni.Njengoba lokhu kungabantu abadla imifino, futhi ukudla kwezitshalo kunganikeli amandla amaningi, abahambi amabanga amade.
Wonke amandla anakwa amakhonsathi ansuku zonke. Ungabona ukuthi zakha kanjani izimbobo ezincane esiqwini sesihlahla bese zincela ujusi, zinothe ngezinto (izakhi zomzimba), amavithamini nezinto zokulandela umkhondo.