Killer whale
UKiller Whale e-Okinawa Aquarium, Japan
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi

I-whale encane yokubulala , noma black whale killer (lat. Pseudorca crassidens), isinambuzane esiqhamuka emkhondweni omncane obulala izinyane le-monotypic (I-Pseudorca) Imindeni yeDolphin (Delphinidae).

Bangakwazi ukuhlangana ngezinhlobo zamahlengethwa egabha, banikeza inzalo - imikhomo yokubulala.

Ukubukeka

Umbala ogcwele umnyama noma ompunga omnyama, onomugqa omhlophe ohlangothini lwe-ventral. Abanye abantu banombala onsomi we-paler emakhanda nasezinhlangothini. Ikhanda liyindilinga, ibunzi linokwakheka kwembonisi. Umzimba uphakeme. I-dorsal fin inomzimba okrwala, iphuma phakathi maphakathi emuva, amaphiko ebukhali abukhali. Umhlathi ongaphezulu mude kunaphansi.

Amadoda amadala womkhomo omncane obulala ufinyelela ku-3.7-6.1 m ubude, izinsikazi ezindala - 3.5-5 m. Isisindo somzimba sisukela ku-917 kuye ku-1842 kg. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziba ngu-1.5-1.9 m ubude futhi zinesisindo esingama-80 kg. I-dorsal fin ingafinyelela ku-18-40 cm ukuphakama. Umzimba unamandla kunamanye amahlengethwa. I-Fin icishe ibe mfushane izikhathi eziyishumi kunomzimba. Maphakathi nayo imvamisa kuyinothi elinezimpawu ezinhle, izinqenqemeni ze-fin zibukhali. Ngasohlangothini ngalunye lomhlathi kunamazinyo ayi-8-11.

Ubude bekhanda kwabesifazane buyi-55-59 cm, emadodeni - 58-65 cm. Inani lama-vertebrae liyi-47-52: 7 isibeletho, i-10 thoracic, i-11 lumbar ne-20-23 caudal. Imikhomo emincane yokubulala inezimbambo eziyi-10 zezimbambo.

Lolu hlobo luvame ukudidaniswa nama-dolphin ama-botnose (I-Tursiops truncatus), ukugaya okufushaneI-Globalbicephala macrorhynchus) nokugaya okude kokuphela (I-Globalbicephala melas), ngoba bahlala esifundeni esifanayo. Noma kunjalo, ama-dolphin ama-botnose anezindebe, futhi ezindaweni zokugwedla nemikhomo emincane yokubulala kukhona umehluko obonakalayo ekwakhekeni kwephini yendawo eyisidina.

Ukuziphatha

Imikhomo emincane yokubulala ihlala olwandle olushisayo nolushisayo. Kwesinye isikhathi bayeza ogwini, kepha bakhetha ukuhlala ekujuleni okukhulu. Ifakwe ekujuleni kwe-2 km.

Bahlala ngamaqembu lapho kungatholakala khona imikhomo engumbili yeminyaka engafani. Amaqembu amakhulu anjalo ahlala ehlukaniswa amancanyana. Ngokwesilinganiso, inani labo ngabantu abangu-10-30.

Imikhomo emincane yokubulala imvamisa ihlanzwa kakhulu ngasogwini ngamanani amakhulu. Kubikwa ukuthi kushunqulwa ngemishini emabhishi eScotland, eCeylon, eZanzibar kanye nogu lwaseGreat Britain.

Ukuxhumana nomunye, sebenzisa i-echolocation ebangeni ukusuka ku-20 kuye ku-60 kHz, kwesinye isikhathi yi-100-130 kHz. Njengeminye imikhomo yokubulala, imikhomo emincane yokubulala ingenza imisindo enjengokushaya ikhwela, i-screeching, noma imisindo ehlukile yokudonsa. Ukukhala kwekhwapha okuzwakalayo kungazwakala kusuka ekujuleni okungama-200 m.

Umsoco

Imikhomo emincane yokubulala izidumbu, idla izinhlanzi kanye nama-squid, okuyiwona ahamba ngokushesha. Izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, ezinjengezilwandle noma amabhubesi olwandle, ngezinye izikhathi zingadliwa. Wezinhlanzi, i-salmon (I-Oncorhynchus), i-mackerel (I-Sarda lineolata), herring (Pseudosciana manchurica) no-perch (I-Lateolabrax japonicus).

Ukuzala

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imidlwane ebulalayo izala unyaka wonke, inani layo eliphakeme liwela enkathini ukusuka ekupheleni kobusika kuya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-11-16,5. Kuzalwa ikati elilodwa kuphela. Uhlala nonina izinyanga eziyi-18- 24, ngeminyaka efanayo, ukulunyulwa kwenzeka. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni engama-8-10 kwabesilisa nakuneminyaka engama-8-11 kwabesifazane. Ngemuva kokuzala, izinsikazi azikwazi ukubeletha amawundlu ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-6.9 ubudala.

Ama-kittens ayakwazi ukunyakaza okuzimele ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ngemuva kokulunyulwa, zivame ukuhlala eqenjini elifanayo lonina.

Endle, abesilisa baphila ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka engama-57,5, abesifazane - iminyaka engama-62,5. Isikhathi sokuphila ekudingisweni asaziwa.

Ukusatshalaliswa

Imikhomo emincane yokubulala isatshalaliswa kulo lonke ulwandle i-Atlantic, Pacific kanye ne-Indian. Enyakatho, akabhukumi enyakatho ka-50 ° C. sh., eningizimu - eningizimu ye-52 ° eningizimu. w.

Le nhlobo ingatholakala eNew Zealand, Peru, Argentina, South Africa, enyakatho ye-Indian Ocean, e-Australia, iziqhingi zase-Indo-Malayan, Philippines kanye nasenyakatho yoLwandle oluLuhlaza. Kutholakale imikhomo emincane yolwandle oLwandle lwaseJapan, ezifundeni ezisogwini zeBritish Columbia, iBay of Biscay, kanye naseLwandle oluBomvu nolweMedithera. Abanye abantu bahlala eGulf of Mexico nasezindaweni ezizungeze iziQithi zaseHawaii.

Isimo sokuphepha

Emanzini asogwini lwaseChina naseJapan, inani lemikhomo emincane ebulalayo ilinganiselwa kubantu abacishe babe ngu-16,000, eGulf of Mexico - kubantu abangu-1038, eziQithini zaseHawaii - 268, empumalanga nePacific Ocean, inani lalezi zinhlobo liqukethe izilwane ezingaba ngu-39,800.

Ngaphandle kokuthi kukhona ukungqubuzana mayelana nokwehla kwenani lemikhomo emincane yokubulala, kunobufakazi obukholisayo bokwehla kwenani lezinhlanzi ezidliwayo ezindaweni ezihlala imikhomo yokubulala. Lesi simo kungaholela ekwehleni kwamanani abo.

EJapan, imikhomo emincane yokubulala isetshenziswa njengomthombo wokudla, kuthi eCaribbean babulawe inyama namafutha. Inani elikhulu kungenzeka labulawa esiqhingini saseTaiwan. Esiqhingini i-Ica Island, kwabulawa imikhomo engabalelwa ku-900 ngesikhathi sokudoba kusuka ngo-1965 kuya ku-1980.

Enyakatho ye-Australia, imikhomo yokubulala ihlala ibanjiswa emanetheni okudoba. Bangakwazi nokugwinya udoti wepulasitiki nokupakishwa, okuvame ukuholela ekufeni. Njengeminye imikhomo eminingi, imikhomo emincane ebulalayo isengozini yemisindo eqinile, njengama-sonars omkhumbi kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba komhlaba. Izinguquko zezulu zezulu ezibikezelwe emhlabeni zingaba nomthelela omubi kubantu bazo, kepha ukubikezela okunembayo ngaphezulu akaziwa.

Lapho kuhlala khona imikhomo yokubulala

Indawo yokuhlala kwemikhomo emincane yokubulala ifinyelela emanzini apholile nasendaweni eshisayo yolwandle. Lezi izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zitholakala oLwandle Olubomvu nolweMedithera, e-Atlantic. KuLwandlekazi iPacific, bahlala ezindaweni ezihamba ngezinyawo ukusuka eNew Zealand kuye eJapan. Empumalanga yePacific, imikhomo emincane ebulala abantu ihlala eCape Horn nasogwini lwe-Alaska. E-Indian Ocean, le nhlobo ikhethe ugu olusempumalanga ye-Afrika, kanye nasemanzini asempumalanga nasempumalanga ye-Asia.

Ama-killer whales ahlala olwandle nasolwandle.

Lalela izwi lowomuntu obulala

Lezi izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zihlala emhlambini omkhulu. Athuthela amabanga amancanyana, okusho ukuthi, kusukela ogwini lwase-Afrika lolu hlobo ngeke luhambe luye ogwini lwase-Australia.

Imikhomo emincane yokubulala izinyamazane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nemikhomo emincane yokubulala

Isici esingaxazululiwe sohlobo lwenkathi yezikhathi ezithile siphonswa olwandle. Ukwenza isibonelo, ngonyaka ka-2005 emanzini aseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Australia, okuyi-Gulf of Geograph, imikhomo emincane engamakhulu ambalwa yaphonswa emhlabeni. Imizimba yabo emnyama yagcwalisa cishe lonke ugu. Ogwini, kutholakale amaqembu ahlukene ama-4; ibanga phakathi kwamaqembu lalingaba amamitha angama-300. Okungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyimihlambi ehlukene, okwathi ngesizathu esithile yahamba ngomkhumbi ogwini olufanayo.

Ngenxa yemizamo yeziphathimandla zasendaweni, izilwane ezihluphekile zakhululwa zabuyela emanzini. Ukungenelela kwabantu kusize ekugwemeni ukufa kwabantu abaningi kakhulu. Esibalweni sonke, kufe umuntu oyedwa. Lo msebenzi wokuhlenga ubudinga ukuhlanganyela kwezisebenzi zokuzithandela eziyi-1,500.

Kwesinye isikhathi imikhomo ebulalayo igezwa kakhulu ogwini.

Ekupheleni kuka-2009, ogwini lwaseNtshonalanga Afrika, eMauritania, nemikhomo emincane yababulali yagezwa kakhulu ogwini. Bathole ukutholakala ekuseni kakhulu, kwathi ngehora leshumi ekuseni kwaqoqana inani elikhulu lamavolontiya, imizamo yawo yakwazi ukusula ugu lwe-whale eselincane ngo-4 p.m. Kepha abantu abakwazanga ukusindisa abantu abangama-44 kulokhu.

Lokhu kuziphatha kwemikhomo emincane yokubulala ayitholi ncazelo enengqondo. Kunombono wokuthi lezi zenzo zihambisana nezinqubo ezithile ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezenzeka ekuwohlokeni komhlaba, futhi abantu abazi lutho ngazo, ngoba zingaphansi kwekholomu lamanzi. Kepha kungani amanye amahlengethwa engakhiswanga ngaphandle kanyekanye ngemikhomo emincane yokubulala? Okusho ukuthi, ukusebenza okunjalo kwenzeka ngohlobo olulodwa kuphela, kanti abanye abamele olwandle baziphatha ngokwemvelo impela.

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