I-Mojave Rattlesnake inobuthi kakhulu. Itholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziwugwadule eningizimu-ntshonalanga Melika, kanye nasenkabeni yeMexico, futhi, ngokusho kososayensi, inobuthi obunobuthi kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zama-rattlesnake. I-Mojave rattlesnake ingamamitha ayi-3,3 ubude (isilinganiso), inobude obungamamitha ayi-4.5. Umbala wenyoka uhlukahluka kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo, okuvumela ukuthi uhlangane kalula nemvelo.
Ubuhlungu be-Mojave rattlesnake bufa kakhulu. Ukulunywa yi-Mojave kuvame ukuba nezimpawu zokuphuza, okwenza abantu bavame ukubukela phansi ubulukhuni bokulimala kwabo. Kodwa-ke, emahoreni ambalwa, izinkinga zokubona, ubunzima bekhuluma, ukugwinya, nobuthakathaka bemisipha kuvame ukuvela. Ngaphezu kwalokho ubuthi buvame ukudala ubunzima bokuphefumula.
# 9 UPhilippine cobra
IPhilippine cobra iyinhlobo yenyoka enoshevu kakhulu ehlala emaphethelweni asenyakatho yeziqhingi zasePhilippine. Umbono uyi-squat impela futhi une-hood engavuswa lapho usongelwa. Ubude obujwayelekile be-cobra bu cishe amamitha ama-3.3. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi amanye ama-cobras asePhilippines afinyelela kubude bamamitha angama-5.2. IPhilippine cobra imvamisa ihlala ezindaweni ezihlala phansi namahlathi ePhilippines, futhi ihlala itholakala eduze kwemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile.
Ubuhlungu be-Philippine cobra bunamandla amakhulu futhi liqukethe i-postynaptic neurotoxin ethinta ngqo uhlelo lokuphefumula lwezisulu zalo. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi kubangela ukukhubazeka kohlelo lwezinzwa. Izimpawu zokulimala kwe-cobra zifaka i-nausea ebabazekayo, ukugabha, i-migraine, ubuhlungu besisu, isiyezi, uhudo, ubunzima bokukhuluma kanye / noma ukuphefumula. Ngokungafani ne-reavenake ye-Mojave, izimpawu zivame ukubonakala ngokushesha okukhulu (kungakapheli imizuzu engamashumi amathathu). Noma kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ukudambisa ubuthi, azihlali ziphumelela ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba ukulunywa yi-cobra kuvame ukuholela ekufeni. Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu, i-cobra yasePhilippines inamandla okufafaza ubuthi bayo kubantu okungenzeka ukuthi bahlukunyezwe, okulimaza kakhulu abantu (kufaka nobumpumputhe obungapheli).
10. Izilinganiso
Izimbumbulu zitholakala eNyakatho, eMaphakathi naseNingizimu Melika. Zonke zinobuthi, futhi ukulunywa kwamanye ama-rattlesnake kungadala ukufa. Bathola igama labo elithokozisayo ngenxa yobukhona bethoyizi - ukuqina komsila. Lapho ingozi isondela, umsila uqala ukunyakaza wenze ukuqhekeka. Zonke izilwane eziseduzane ziqagela masinyane ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu kuqhekeka.
Ubuhlungu balenyoka bunempahla ye-hemotoxic: bubangela i-coagulopathy (igazi liyayeka ukugcwala), futhi libanga nokufa kwezitho nezicubu. Kusukela emiphumeleni yayo, izicubu zomphimbo zomuntu ziba lukhuni njengetshe. Ubuthi obunamandla kakhulu be-rattlesnakes buhlala eNyakatho Melika - idayimane. Ukuluma okukodwa kwalokhu okuhubhisayo kunganele ukubulala amagundane ayi-15,000. Ukusuka kubuthi bakhe, akuvezi ukuphuma kwesibindi kuphela, kepha ukukhubazeka kwezicubu zohlelo lokuphefumula.
Kukhona ithuba lokwehlisa amathuba okufa afike ku-4%: usizo lwezokwelapha olufika ngesikhathi kufanele lunikezwe ohlukunyeziwe. Kepha isikhumba esisuka ekulimeni sisazoqhubeka sikhona.
Curious Ama-Rattlesnake cubs kukholakala ukuthi ayingozi kakhulu kunabantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi ngoba abakwazi ukulawula inani lobuthi obukhishwe.
9. I-Tenon yase-Australia
Isipinetail inekhanda elakhiwe njengonxantathu. Akamude futhi nenhle. Ifana ne-rattlesnake. Kepha izici zento enobuthi emithanjeni yayo zisebenza ezintweni eziphila ngendlela ehlukile.
Lo mmeleli wezilwane ezihuquzelayo akadeleli ukudlela izihlobo zakhe. Kuhlasela inyoka isendaweni ecashile. Ukufa kokuhlaselwa kwe-tenon yase-Australia kuza ngenxa yokumisa ukuphefumula okhubazekile. Ubuthi bayo yi-neurotoxic. Umphumela obulalayo ungavela ngemuva kwamahora ayisithupha uma kungakhanjwanga i-antidote. Umphikisi ukhulula izimpawu eziphambili futhi anciphise isimo sohlukunyezwa. Ithuba lokusinda ngaphandle kwemithi alikho ngaphezulu kwama-50%.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isikhathi sokuphonsa i-Thorntail - imizuzwana engu-0.13.
8. Viper
Umndeni we-viper umele izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200. Zisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke, kubandakanya naseRussia. Ukusinda kubanda nokubulawa yindlala, izinyoka zifihla ubusika. Bacasha ngemisele yemibila engaphansi komhlaba, kwesinye isikhathi bahlangana ngamabhola enqwaba yabantu.
Iqiniso! Inyoka ejwayelekile ukuphela kwenyoka ehlala ngaphezu kwe-Arctic Circle.
I-sandy efa ibhekwa njengobuthi kunayo yonke yezinyoka. Uhlala eNdiya nase China. Isici saso impahla yokusebenza kakhulu emva kwemvula. Ihlikihla isisulu, ingcwatshwe esihlabathini noma amaqabunga awile.
Ama-Vipers anamazinyo anobuthi isikhathi eside kangangokuba, avale imilomo yawo, ayaphoqeleka ukuba awagobise ngesiphu emuva. Lawa mazinyo eziko ahlanganiswe nokuhlangana okukhethekile okufana namahinji.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amazinyo amade kakhulu anobuthi uneenyoka laseGabon. Ubude bawo bungafinyelela ku-5 m.
Inhliziyo yalowo ohlaselwayo iqala ukushaya kancane, ingcindezi yehla kancane kancane. Indawo ethintekile iyavuvukala, iqala ukulimala, mhlawumbe ibe yopha. Isisulu sizwa izinhlungu emzimbeni wakhe wonke, lobu buhlungu bungazwakala kuze kube izinyanga ezi-2. Umphumela odabukisayo kungaba yisiqalo sokufa ngokuboshwa ngokuphefumula ngemuva kwamasonto angu-1-2.
7. UPhilippine cobra
Awukwazi ukudidanisa lobu buhle nanoma ngubani: i-hood evulekile ebukeka ibukeka kakhulu futhi iyabukeka. Izinhlobo eziningi zama-cobras zihlala emhlabeni. Inyoka ende enobuthi emhlabeni yinkosi cobra. Futhi iPhilippines ibhekwa njenge-cobra enobuthi kunayo yonke. I-cobra ethushukile iphakamisa umphambili womzimba ophakeme ngaphezu komhlaba kangangokuba ungabheka emehlweni omuntu.
Ubuthi bayo bunempahla enobuthi. Ukufa kusuka ukuluma kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu - kungakapheli isigamu sehora, ngoba amasistimu okuphefumula nawenhliziyo akhubazekile. Kulokhu, ukulimala esikhunjeni kucishe kungabonakali. Ukuqina, ukuhlanza, ukuhudula kuyabonakala.
Kuyathakazelisa! "Ukhafulela" ubuthi bePhilippine cobra ubuthi bungadlula ibanga lamamitha amathathu.
6. Inyoka Yamahlosi
Inyoka yamahlosi ingeyamalungu omndeni we-aspid. Ama-aspid amaningi ahlala e-Australia naseziqhingini ezingomakhelwane. Zihlukahluka ngokubukeka, kepha bonke babelana ngesici esifanayo - ubuthi obunamandla ngokwedlulele.
Umzimba wezinyoka zase-Australia zenyoka ungaba nsundu, umnyama noma u-olive ngombala onamasongo akhanyayo. Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezipholile bavame ukuba mnyama ngombala: ubumnyama obungaphezulu, ngcono ukubamba ukushisa.
Inyoka yenyoka ayiphuthelwa. Isilwane sifela ngaso leso sikhathi. Umuntu othintekile uzwa izinhlungu zendawo, ukuzindla. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, isenzo sobuthi be-neurotoxic senza umsebenzi waso: ukukhubazeka kwezicubu zohlelo lokuphefumula kanye nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
5. Imamba emnyama
Kunezinhlobo ezi-4 kuphela ze-mambas ezihlala emhlabeni. Bonke bahlala e-Afrika. Ukuluma kakhulu ubuthi kwenza abantu bendawo besabe ama-mambas, futhi baba nenhlonipho ejulile ngabo.
Eqinisweni, i-mamba emnyama ayivelakancane. Igama lawo kungenxa yombala omnyama wethambo lomlomo. Le inyoka ende kunazo zonke enobuthi e-Afrika: kufika kumamitha amane. Ama-mambas amnyama kwesinye isikhathi athabatha indawo ethile ethokomele indawo yokukhosela. Kungaba iholo, i-crevice phakathi kwamatshe, ngisho nophahla olufulelwe ngotshani noma lomhlanga.
Iqiniso! Imamba emnyama inyoka eshesha kunazo zonke. Uma ehlasela, angahamba ngejubane elingaphezu kwama-20 km / h.
Imamba emnyama inyoka “enyantisayo” kakhulu, ilungele ukuhlasela ngengozi encane. Noma ehamba ngokushesha okukhulu, uphakamisa ikhanda nentamo yakhe ngaphezulu komhlaba, ukuze noma ngasiphi isikhathi ungakwazi ukushaya isitha.
Ubuthi benyoka le buyingozi kakhulu! Ukuluma okukodwa kwanele ukulimaza abantu abangafika kwabangu-25. Uma ungalethi i-antidote, amathuba okufa angama-100%. Isisulu sizwa ubuhlungu obukhali endaweni yesilonda. Lapho-ke ukwazi kwakhe kuqala ukudideka, kuqhume umehluko emehlweni akhe, aqhaqhane futhi aqhewuke emzimbeni wakhe. Isicanucanu, ukugabha, ekugcineni, ukuboshwa kokuphefumula, ikhefi, nokufa kufakwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngeke kuthathe isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yehora.
4. Ugu lweTaipan
UTaipan uyilungu lomndeni we-aspid. Lesi yisakhamuzi esikhulu kunazo zonke esinobuthi e-Australia naseNew Guinea siyingozi kakhulu kubantu. Kujabulisa abantu bendawo, ithanda izindawo ezinabantu abaningi futhi itholakala ngokuvamisile. Lesi isidalwa esikhulu kakhulu. Amazinyo anobuthi we-taipan amakhulu kuno-1 cm. Inani lobuthi kumuntu ngamunye lingafinyelela ku-400 mg.
Ubuhlungu beTaipan buyabulala. Ukukhonza eyodwa kwanele ukubulala abantu abadala abayi-12. Alikho nelilodwa icala labasindile ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwakhe ngaphambi kokuqanjwa kokuqalwa kwengozi. Uma usheshe unikeze usizo lwezokwelashwa, amawadi wokunakekelwa kakhulu asazokwazi ukugwema. Ubuthi abugcinanga nje nge-neurotoxic kuphela, kepha futhi nezimpawu ze-coagulopathic, zinomthelela ekwakhekeni kwamaphazili wegazi egazini kanye nokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi.
3. I-malaha eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Le inyoka itholakala e-Indonesia nase Southeast Asia. IMalay Krai ingumhlaseli wasebusuku. Ithanda ukuzingela ezinye izinyoka. Ngemuva kokuluma, i-krait ayikhululi isisulu, kepha icindezela imihlathi izikhathi eziningana ukuze ubuthi bungene bujule ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ubuthi lobu yi-neurotoxin enamandla kakhulu. Inamandla kakhulu kuneyecobra. Izikhathi eziyi-16! Ezenzweni zawo, ukukhubazeka komzimba kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Isigamu sosuku sanele ekufeni.
2. Inkosi emsundu noma i-mulga
Omunye ummeleli we-aspid, i-mulga ihlala e-Australia. Lo ngumnikazi wombala omuhle onsundu nentambo ebanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, intamo iyanda, kepha ayakhi.
Ubuthi buyingozi kakhulu. Ukuluma okukodwa kungaqukatha u-150 mg. Ngisho nentsha, engakakhuli, iyafa. Kepha inkosi onsundu ayikukhiphi ubuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi akuyikho konke ukuluma okungabulala. Angasukela inyamazane yakhe isikhathi eside, ayilume kaninginingi. Njengoba sesike sahlangana nenkosi emdaka, kungcono ukuthi singahambi, ngoba indlela asabela ngayo kule ukunyakaza iba nombani ngokushesha.
1. UTaipan McCoy noma inyoka enobuthi
E-Australia ... Indawo yezinyoka ezinoshevu kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. UTaipan, inyoka enolunya, inyoka enesihluku - amagama amaningi anikezwa yona ngumuntu ngenxa yokuba nolaka, ijubane namandla obuthi. Le inyoka eyingozi kunazo zonke emhlabeni! Njalo umuntu ohlukunyeziwe wesibili esifundazweni sase-Australia eQueensland usabulawa ukulunywa yi-taipan. UTaipan McCoy uhlala ezweni elikhulu, ogwadule nasezindaweni eziphansi zase-Australia.
Inyoka ihlasela isisulu ngejubane lombani, ngaphandle kophuthe futhi ishaya kaninginingi.
ITaipan inyoka enobuthi kunayo yonke ephila emhlabeni. Ubuhlungu be-Cobra buthaka izikhathi ezingama-200. Ukulunywa okukodwa kweTaipan kungabulala cishe amagundane angama-300,000 noma abantu abayi-100.
I-Belcher Sea Snake
Ungaphandle kwesilinganiso sethu. Lona ophethe isihloko senyoka enobuthi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Isihlungu seTaipan sibuthaka izikhathi eziyi-100 kuneBelcher. Ithonsi lobuthi lanele ukubulala abantu abadala abangamakhulu amaningana.
UBelcher uyisidudla. Uchitha impilo yakhe yonke emanzini. Indawo ehlala kuyo yiSoutheast Asia kanye namanzi aseNyakatho Australia. Lezi zinyoka azikwazi ukuhamba emhlabathini futhi, ziphonswe ogwini, zife ngokushesha. Banokuthula impela futhi abavami ukusebenzisa izikhali zabo ezibulalayo: ikota kuphela yeziluma eziqukethe ubuthi. Abantu bacishe bangahlupheki emihlanganweni noBelcher. Isizathu kuphela kokungakhathaleli kwabadobi ngesikhathi sokubanjiswa kusuka kumanetha.
# 8 Viper Inyoka Ebulalayo
Inyoka enjengeyenyoka ebulalayo inyoka enobuhlungu kakhulu ehlala e-Australia, New Guinea nasendaweni ezungezile. Ubhekwa njengenye yezinyoka ezibulala kakhulu emhlabeni. Yize i-Viper Ebulalayo ibukeka njengenyoka, empeleni ilungu lomndeni wezinyoka, okubandakanya ama-cobras nama-mambas amnyama. Lezi zinyoka zimfushane impela, zinamakhanda angunxantathu nezikali ezincane ezihlobisa umzimba wakhe. Zinemisila emikhulu, kanye “nesheyidi” ekugcineni komsila wazo, kufana nesibungu esincane. Ngokumangazayo, inyoka ingashaya isisulu sayo futhi ifake ubuthi kuyo ngemizuzwana engaphansi kwama-0.15.
Inyoka Ebulalayo i-neurotoxin enobuthi kakhulu. Ukulunywa kubulala kakhulu futhi kungaholela ekufeni kungakapheli amahora ayisithupha uma ukwelashwa kungatholakali. Njengazo ezinye izinyoka kulolu hlu, ubuthi buvame ukudala ukukhubazeka komzimba, kanye nokuvalwa ngokuphelele kohlelo lokuphefumula. Yize sekukhiqizwe amakhambi, ukufa kusenzeka ngokulimala kwabo, ngoba umuthi wokudambisa ukubambezela ungabambezela ukukhula kwezimpawu kuze kufike ezingeni elithile.
# 7 Inyoka yenyoka
Inyoka yenyoka yinyoka enobuhlungu kakhulu etholakala emikhakheni eseningizimu ye-Australia naseTasmania. Izinyoka ezinamahlosi zifinyelela osayizi cishe wamamitha angama-3.93 ubude futhi ziza ngemibala ehlukahlukene ngokuya ngendawo yazo (umnqumo, ophuzi, owolintshi, onsundu nomnyama). Njengama-cobras, inyoka yenyoka inolaka olukhulu ngokwesabeka futhi ihlanganisa umzimba wayo ukuze iphakamise ikhanda layo ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Inyoka ye-tiger ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini, ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi nasezixhaphozini.
Ezilungeni ezilunywe ezinyokeni e-Australia phakathi kuka-2005 no-2015, izinyoka ezingamaphesenti ayi-17 zazo zonke iziluma kulesi sifunda. Kula ma-119 ukuluma, abantu abane bafa ngenxa yezinkinga. Ubuhlungu benyoka yenyathi buqukethe ama-neurotoxins anamandla, ama-coagulants, ama-myotoxin nama-hemolysins. Izimpawu zokulimala kwazo zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu obukhulu onyaweni nasentanjeni, ukuduneka komzimba, ukujuluka ngokweqile, ukuzindla, ukungakwazi ukuphefumula nokukhubazeka. Ukufa kwabantu ngenxa yokulimala kwenyathi kungalungiswa cishe kungamaphesenti ayisithupha.
# 6 Chain viper
Inyoka eluhlaza, eyaziwa ngokuthi yi- "Russell viper", inyoka enobuthi kakhulu evela emndenini weenyoka. Kwenzeka ikakhulu eSoutheast Asia, China, Taiwan naseNdiya. Lezi zinyoka ezibulalayo zingafinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-5.5 nobubanzi obungaba amasentimitha ayisithupha. Izinyoka zentambo zinamakhanda acwebile angunxantathu anobuso obuyindilinga (futhi aphakanyisiwe). Amaphethini wemibala yabo ahlukile izinyoka ezahlukahlukene, kepha imvamisile ukuthi ziphuzi futhi zibe nsundu. Ama-turpenta amachwane ajwayelekile impela futhi atholakala emadlelweni noma emathangeni. Zijwayelekile futhi emapulazini, kepha zivame ukugwema izindawo zamahlathi kanye namabhele. Omunye wemithombo eyondlekile yezinyoka ngamagundane. Ngenxa yalokhu, lezi zinyoka zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala, uma sazi iqiniso lokuthi amagundane namagundane kuvame ukuhlala eduze kwabantu.
Ama-Chain viporer akhiqiza ubuthi obuningi ubuthi ekulimeni kwawo, okubulala kakhulu kubantu kumithamo ye-40-70 mg. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokulimala kwe-viper zifaka ukopha ngokweqile (ikakhulukazi ezinsinini nomchamo), ukwehla ngokushesha komfutho wegazi (kanye nenhliziyo), ukuqhakaza, i-necrosis, ukugabha, ukuvuvukala kobuso, ukwehluleka kwezinso, nokujaha kwegazi. Kubantu abafuna ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo, i-antidote iyasebenza. Kodwa-ke, izinhlungu ezivela ekulimeni zivame ukuhlala cishe amasonto amane futhi kwaziwa ukuthi zidala ukulimala kwezicubu ezinkulu. Cishe amaphesenti angama-29 abasindayo nawo alimala ukulimala kwendlala yawo.
# 5 Imamba emnyama
IBlack Mamba luhlobo lwezinyoka ezinoshevu kakhulu ezitholakala emazweni aseningizimu neSahara e-Afrika. IMamba yaziwa ngobude bayo, isilinganiso samamitha ayi-6.6 kuya ku-10. Amanye amaBlack Mambas afinyelele kubude obungamamitha ayi-14,8, okwenza abe ngenye yezinyoka ezinobuthi obude kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Imamba emnyama imnyama grey futhi ibe nsundu, nabantu abadala babe mnyama kakhulu kunabancane. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi lenyoka ihlala phansi emhlabathini nasezihlahleni. Ngenxa yalokhu, zivame ukutholakala eceleni kwama-savannah, amahlathi kanye nezindawo ezinamadwala. Kukulezi zifunda lapho iBlack Mamba ijwayela ukusebenzisa izinyoni nezinye izilwane ezincane.Njengoba inikezwe ijubane layo eliphakeme (cishe amamayela ayi-10 ngehora), inyoka iyakwazi ukubamba kalula inyamazane yayo.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoka, iBlack Mamba imvamisa iluma izikhathi eziningi ngomthelela. Ubuhlungu baso, obuqukethe ikakhulukazi i-neurotoxins, bubangela izimpawu kungakapheli imizuzu eyishumi futhi buvama ukubulala uma i-antidote ingalawulwa ngokushesha. Esikhundleni sokubangela i-edema ne-necrosis (njengokulunywa yinyoka eningi), ubuthi beMnyama Mamba buvame ukubangela umuzwa onamandla wokuxwaya, ukunambitheka okusansimbi emlonyeni, ukudonsa izinkophe, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa, ukubuka okungasebenzi kahle nokukhubazeka kohlelo lokuphefumula. Ukweqisa ngokweqile, ukungakwazi ukukhuluma, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza nokujuluka ngokweqile nakho kujwayelekile. Abantu abalunywe yiBlack Mamba bavele bangakwazi ukufikelwa yimizuzu engamashumi amane nanhlanu futhi bafa kungakapheli amahora ayisikhombisa, ngaphandle kokuthi banikezwe ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
# 4 Mesh inyoka emnyama
Inyoka e-brown ebunjiwe iyinyoka ebulalayo kakhulu ehlala empumalanga nephakathi ne-Australia, kanye nasengxenyeni eseningizimu yeNew Guinea. Inyoka incane impela futhi inobude obungamamitha ayisikhombisa. Njengoba igama lisho, inyoka imvame ukuba nsundu ngombala, kanti ezinye izinyoka zithola ukubukeka okumnyama. Izinyoka zitholakala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo, ngaphandle kwamahlathi aminyene azungeze i-Australia. Zivame ukutholakala emapulazini, ngoba inyamazane yazo enkulu igundane lasekhaya. Izinyoka zaziwa kakhulu ngamafangs awo amancane, izilimi ezimnyama namehlo amnyama amnyama. Futhi banesizungu impela, futhi, njengomthetho, bakhuthele kakhulu ngesikhathi sasemini.
Ubuhlungu benyoka ansundu obudlulile buyabulala futhi bubangela ukufa okuningi (e-Australia) kunanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwenyoka. Ukuluma kweziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye ezibhalisiwe phakathi kuka-2005 no-2015 e-Australia, ukulunywa kweziyishumi nanhlanu kwabulawa. Izimpawu zokuqala zokulimala kwenyoka zifaka ukugcwala kwegazi, ukwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi, ukopha kakhulu nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Ezinye izinkomba zifaka ukwehluleka kwezinso, isicanucanu ezinzima nokuhlanza, kanye ne-migraine. Izimpawu ziqala ngokushesha (imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu ngemuva kokulunywa). Kodwa-ke, ngokuya ngenani lobuthi bokulimala lapho kulunywa, abanye abantu baziwa ukuthi bathola izimpawu ezedlulele kungakapheli imizuzu emibili. I-Neurotoxicity ayibonakali kakhulu lapho inyoka iluma, ngoba ubuthi bayo buvame ukuthinta uhlelo lwenhliziyo nesisulu. Yize sekukhona umuthi wokuvikela umuthi kusukela ngo-1956, ukuqala ngokushesha kwezimpawu kuvame ukungazinaki izinzuzo zomphangi, njengoba izisulu zivame ukufa ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo ngaphambi kokuthola usizo olufanele.
I-Taipan McCoy (i-Oxyuranus microlepidotus)
UTaipan McCoy, owaziwa nangokuthi i-inland Taipan, inyoka enobuthi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ubuthi beTaipan buwubuthi obuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-140 kunobuthi be-cobra. Ukulunywa okukodwa kweTaipan McCoy kwanele ukubulala cishe abantu abayikhulu.
Noma kunjalo, kunezindaba ezinhle. Kuze kube manje, akukaze kube nokufa okukodwa okurekhodwawe kusuka kokulunywa yiTaipan McCoy. Ngani? Iqiniso ngukuthi yize linobuthi, yinyoka enokuthula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu akuvamile ukuba bahlangane nabo endle. Uma eluma umuntu, khona-ke ukufa kwenzeka cishe imizuzu engama-45.
Umuntu wokuqala ukuthola le nyoka kwakunguyisazi sezilwane saseBrithani uFrederick McCoy. Kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1879. Ngemuva kwalokho i-taipan yabonakala futhi ngonyaka we-1882. Ngemuva, iminyaka engu-90, akekho noyedwa umuntu owamthola. Okungenani akukho mininingwane ebhaliwe. By the way, ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-Taipan esemaphakathi komhlaba ayikho.
Inyoka kaBrown ebuye yavela (i-Pseudonaja textilis)
Inyoka ensundu eyenziwe yaba nsundu iba sesibili emhlabeni inobuthi, phakathi kwezinhlobo zomhlaba. Okuvame kakhulu e-Australia.
Njengasendabeni ye-taipan, futhi akusona uhlobo olunolaka kakhulu, olukhetha ukubuyela emuva esikhundleni sokuxabana nomuntu. Futhi noma ngabe iluma, ithuba lokuthi azokujova ubuthi ngu-50:50.
Ngisho nabancane, abamele abancane bale nhlobo bangambulala umuntu ngokuluma okukodwa nje. I-Poison Pseudonaja textilis iqukethe ama-neurotoxins nama-coagulants. Ngemuva kokulunywa, kuvela igazi (umphumela wama-coagulants) nokukhubazeka komzimba (umphumela wama-neurotoxins).
I-Blue Krait (i-Bungarus Emperus)
Le inyoka enhle kakhulu yasolwandle. Kepha ukubukeka kwakhe kuyakhohlisa. Lesi yisibonakaliso esinobuthi obukhulu. Kutholakala e-Asia nase-Indonesia. Bangabusuku. Ubuthi beBlue Kraot bunobuthi kangangokuba ngisho nama-50% abantu abathola lo muthi wokudambisa izidakamizwa abasashona.
Kepha kunezindaba ezinhle. Njengasendabeni yezinhlobo ezingenhla, lena nayo ayinalo ulaka. Lezi yizilwane zasolwandle ezinamahloni ezikhetha ukungahambisani nabantu.
Ngokuqondene nezibalo, akujabule kakhulu. Cishe ama-85% abantu abalunywe yilenyoka bafa.
I-Coastal Taipan (i-Oxeuranus scutellatus)
I-Coastal Taipan iyinhlobo yesithathu yenyoka enobuthi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngemuva kokulunywa yi-taipan yasogwini, kuqubuka igazi kumuntu futhi kulimale uhlelo lwezinzwa, okuholela ekukhubazekeni komzimba. Abantu abaningi bafa kungakapheli ihora elilodwa lokulunywa. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uphile ngaphandle komuthi wokuvikela umuthi.
Kunezindawo ezintathu ezingaphansi kwezokuzungeza kwasogwini, konke okunobuthi.
Umuntu wokuqala owathola i-taipan yasogwini ophilayo kwakunguyisazi sezinto eziphilayo sase-Australia uKevin Badden. Kodwa-ke, i-taipan yamluma futhi yafa ngakusasa, njengoba kwakungekakhiwa izidakamizwa zokulimala kwakhe.
Black Mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis)
Imamba emnyama ayiyona inyoka enkulu futhi enobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa maqondana nesivinini sokuqala iba kule ndawo. Ukuphunyuka kumamba omnyama kumnyama akunakwenzeka. Kungashesha ukufika ku-20 km / h.
Imvelo yayo yokuhlala ise-Afrika. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezichazwe ngenhla, lena inolaka kakhulu. Ukulunywa okukodwa kwe-mamba emnyama kwanele ukubulala abantu abadala abayi-10-25.
Ngokuya ngokuthi ukulunywa kwakuqine kangakanani nokuthi kungakanani ubuthi obabungene emgodini omnyama, ukufa kungenzeka ngemizuzu eyi-15-180.
I-Tiger Snake (I-Notechis scutatus)
Inyoka yenyathi iyizinhlobo ezinoshevu kakhulu. Ukuluma okukodwa kwanele ukubulala umuntu ngemizuzu engama-30 nje. Noma kunjalo, kunezindaba ezinhle. Imvamisa, ngemuva kokulunywa, umuntu unamahora angama-6- 24 ukuthatha i-antidote. Futhi, cishe abantu abangama-30- 40% abantu basaphila ngemuva kokulunywa ngitsho nangaphandle komdlavuza (uma ulimaza ubuthi obuncane).
Futhi-ke, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi, lesi isidalwa esinehloni esikhetha ukubaleka kunokuba singene ezingxabanweni nabantu.
UPhilippine cobra (Naja philippinensis)
Ama-cobras anesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sekhanda (ene-hood) esiyinikeza ukubukeka okuhle futhi isikhumbuza ngeGibhithe lasendulo. Ngenkathi ama-cobras amaningi engezona izinyoka eziyingozi ikakhulukazi, i-cobra yasePhilippines iyisilwane esinobuthi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi angajova ubuthi, angabakhafulela kude kumamitha ayi-3.
Uma elume umuntu, khona-ke kufanele kukhishwe i-antidote kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umuntu uzokufa.
I-Belcher Snake (Hydrophis belcheri)
Le nhlobo ihlala eduze nezihlahla ezishisayo zoLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya, iNew Guinea, i-Indonesia, iGulf of Thailand kanye nogu lwasePhilippines (ezinye izibonakaliso nazo zitholakala ogwini lwase-Australia naseSolomon Islands).
Lenhlobo inobuthi kangangokuba ukuluma okukodwa kwanele ukubulala umuntu esikhathini esingaphansi kwemizuzu engama-30. Ngenhlanhla, inyoka kaBelcher ukubukeka okunamahloni okukhetha ukugwema ukuxhumana nabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi bahlolisisa lolu hlobo futhi bathola ukuthi lesi silwanyana esidliwayo esidliwayo singalawula ukuphepha kobuthi baso, bese kuthi ngokwesilinganiso, silimale kuphela kokulimala kayi-4.
Ubuthi buqukethe izinga eliphakeme lama-neurotoxins nama-myotoxins. Ukudonsa okukodwa kwanele ukubulala abantu abayi-1800.
Kulokhu incwadi yethu yaphela, bafundi abathandekayo. Siyethemba ukuthi imizamo yethu ibingelona ize, futhi imininingwane esiyiqoqile ibilusizo futhi iyathandeka kuwe.
# 3 Taipan McCoy
ITaipan inyoka enobuthi kakhulu ehlala e-Australia. Uyilungu lomndeni wakwa-Elapid (ohlanganisa ama-cobras) futhi uthathwa njengenye yezinyoka ezibulala kakhulu emhlabeni namuhla. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezinto eziphilayo ezaziwa ngeTaipan, njenge "Coastal Taipan", "Inland Taipan" ne "Taipan of the Central Ranges". Izinhlobo eziningi zeTaipan zitholakala ogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yeQueensland, kanye nasengxenyeni eseningizimu yePapua. New Guinea. Idla kakhulu amagundane, kanye nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
Ubuthi beTaipan buqukethe amazinga aphezulu ama-neurotoxins. Ukulunywa okukodwa okuvela eTaipan kuvame ukuholela ekukhubazeni kwesistimu yezinzwa yohlukunyezwa kanye nesigaxa segazi, ukuvikela ukuhamba kwegazi okwanele emithanjeni yegazi. Yize kukhona umuthi wokuluma ubuthi bokulimala kukaTaipan, bambalwa kakhulu abasindayo ukuluma ngenxa yobucayi bawo. Munye kuphela umuntu osindile ngokulunywa yinyoka.
# 2 iMala Krai
I-Blue Krayt noma iMalay Krayt inyoka enobuthi kakhulu evela emndenini wakwa-Elapid. Ngokwesilinganiso, inyoka ifinyelela kubude obungamamitha ama-3,5 futhi igcina iphethini yombala yemivimbo eshintshashintshayo emnyama ehlukaniswe izikhala ezinombala ophuzi. IBlue Krayt itholakala ikakhulukazi eSouthheast Asia, kufaka phakathi i-Indochina nase-Indonesia. Idla ikakhulu amagundane, ezinye izinyoka (kufaka phakathi ezinye izingwegwe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), ezihuquzelayo kanye namagundane amancane. Ucwaningo lwamanje lukhombisile ukuthi iBlue Krayt ithanda amasimu, imigodi, kanye nezindlu zokuhlala zayo. IBlue Krayt nayo iyayithanda imithombo yamanzi futhi ihlala itholakala eduze nemifula, amachibi namachibi. Kutholwe nokuthi iBlue Krayt ikakhulukazi ebusuku emikhakheni yayo yokuzingela.
Ubuhlungu be-Blue Krayt bunomphumela onamandla futhi siqukethe ama-neurotoxin anamandla kakhulu akhubaza uhlelo lomsipha walowo ohlangabezana nalo. Ama-Neurotoxins akhiwa ubuthi be-presynaptic ne-postynaptic, abaziwa ukuthi bathinta ngqo ikhono lomuntu lokukhuluma noma lokucabanga kahle. Ubuhlungu be-Blue Krayt buthinta nesistimu yokuphefumula yomuntu, okwenza i-compocation ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuphefumula amahora amane. Ezinye izinkomba zokulimala kwe-krait zibandakanya ukukhubazeka komzimba, ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu / ukugoba, izicubu zobuso eziqinisiwe nobumpumputhe. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoka, njenge-Chain Viper, ekhiqiza ubuthi obungu-40 kuya kwengama-70 mg kobuthi ngakunye, uKrayt ukhiqiza kuphela ama-10 mg. Kodwa-ke, leli nani elincane linamandla amakhulu futhi linikeza imiphumela efanayo nezinye izinyoka ezinobuthi ezikulesi sihloko. Yize abantu kwesinye isikhathi bangezwa buhlungu bokulunywa yikhreyithi (ebanikeza isiqinisekiso esingamanga), ukufa kuhlala kungenakugwenywa amahora amane uma kungalashwa. Amanani okufa kwabantu abulala iBlue Crack angamaphesenti ayisikhombisa namashumi ayisishiyagalombili.
# 1 I-Belcher Sea Snake
Inyoka yaseBelcher inyoka enobuthi ngokweqile evela emndenini we-elapid. Yize inobuhloni futhi inamahloni, i-Belcher Sea Snake ibhekwa njengenyoka enobuthi emhlabeni. Inyoka incane (cishe amamitha angama-3.5 ubude), inomzimba omncane futhi isisekelo esiphuzi sinemivimbo eluhlaza. Kutholakala kakhulu oLwandlekazi i-Indian, kanye nasePhilippines, iGulf of Thailand, i-Solomon Islands nasogwini olusenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Australia. Imvamisa, yenzeka ezigangeni ezishisayo futhi ingabamba cishe amahora ayisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kokuba ivele phezu kolwandle. Ukuqaphelisisa kwamanje kukhombisa ukuthi inyoka yasolwandle kaBelcher ijwayele ukudla izinhlanzi ezincane no-eel.
Inyoka yaseBelcher inobuthi kangangokuba ukuluma okukodwa kungabulala umuntu esikhathini esingaphansi kwemizuzu engamashumi amathathu. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ubuthi bayo bunamandla aphindwe ka-100 kunenyoka yeTaipan. Ngenhlanhla, imvelo ethambile nobushushu benyoka imvamisa ayikuvumeli ukuthi ihlasele abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo zesayensi zikhombisile ukuthi inyoka ingalawula ukuphepha kobuthi bayo futhi ikhiphe ubuthi kuphela engxenyeni eyodwa kwezine zokukuluma kwayo.
Ubuthi be-Snake buqukethe amazinga aphezulu ama-neurotoxins nama-myotoxins. Ithonsi elilodwa lobuthi bakhe liqine ngokwanele ukubulala abantu abayi-1800. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokukuluma kwabo: isicanucanu esinamandla nokuhlanza, ikhanda elivela ku-migraine, uhudo, ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu, isiyezi kanye nokuqunjelwa. Ezinye izinkomba zibandakanya ukukhubazeka komzimba, ukhubazeka kwemisipha, ukopha kakhulu, i-hysteria, ukwehluleka ukuphefumula kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso. Yize kunezindlela zokulwa nokulwa nenyoka ebulalayo, ukwelashwa ngokushesha kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukufa.