Inkungu eshisayo kungukushisa okushisa kwegumbi. Enye yezinto eziphambili zenqubo yimishini ekhethekile enesimo sikagesi. Isinambuzane sithululelwa kuwo, okuthi kamuva sishiswe ku-50 ° C bese kufafazwa kulo lonke igumbi. Inqubo yokushisa ayithathi ngaphezu kwama-millisecond ambalwa, okuvumela izinto ezisebenzayo ukuthi ziphenduke izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu futhi sezivele ziphuma ku -zzle ngendlela yohlobo lwenkungu.

Indawo ephathisiwe imbozwe ngefu elinambuzane, okuthi, okungenani, lilondoloze isimo salo sokulinganisela amanye amahora angu-3-4. Njengomoya, ingena ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka kakhulu futhi ibopha ngezinga lamangqamuzana namagciwane ahlukahlukene.
Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwenkungu, izinambuzane eziningi, ikakhulukazi inzalo yazo yesikhathi esizayo, ziyafa ngokushesha. Izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kwama-45 ° C liyabulala cishe zonke izinambuzane.

Ifu elakheka kancane kancane kuleli gumbi liqala ukuphola lihlale kuzo zonke izindawo ngefilimu emincane. Ngokuxhumana okukhanyayo nokugcina, izinambuzane ezisindile zithola umthamo owengeziwe wobuthi. Amathuba abo okusinda asondela ku-zero ngokushesha.

• ukubhujiswa okuqinisekisiwe kwazo zonke izinambuzane, kungakhathalekile ukuthi unegciwane kangakanani,
• isikhathi sokulungisa esifushane,
• ukuphepha kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni nezilwane ezifuywayo,
• ukungabikho okuqhubekayo kwephunga elinamandla eliqhubekayo.

Inkungu ebandayo: izici zobuchwepheshe

Inkungu eshisayo nebandayo eMoscow uhlobo lokuyelapha ngokubulala izinambuzane okutholakale ukuthandwa phakathi kwamakhasimende ethu amaningi. Futhi yize umehluko phakathi kwalezi zindlela ungemqoka kangako, kepha amakhasimende angaba khona kufanele azi ngazo.

Kususelwa kufafaza okufanayo kwesinambuzane kusetshenziswa i-generator ekhethekile. Inkungu etholwe ekuphumeni ihlangana ngokushesha nomoya bese ihlala kusendlalelo ngisho nakuzo zonke izindawo, kufaka phakathi umhlobiso wasekhaya ohlukahlukene, amaphaneli nophahla. Kodwa-ke, amasayizi ezinhlayiya lapho ukuguqulwa kokusebenza kuguqulwa khona kuhluke kakhulu. Izinkomba ze-5-30 microns zivamile inkungu eshisayo, amagciwane angama-40-80 enkungu ebandayo. Futhi, ifu lokuhlaselwa insecticidal lokushisa okuphezulu lihlala isikhathi eside, okukuvumela ukuthi ungene ngokujulile emfuleni omncane futhi ube nomphumela omuhle ezinambuzaneni ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu.

Futhi-ke, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili izinga lokushisa kwazo. Izimpawu zenkungu ebandayo zisondele kakhulu emvelweni.

• I-100% iphephile emzimbeni womuntu nezilwane ezifuywayo,
• ukuvikelwa okunhlobonhlobo ukuqeda amaphuphu, izimbungulu, izintuthwane nezinye izinambuzane,
• ukushoda kwamabala kufenisha nephephadonga ngemuva kokulungiswa
• ukonga isabelomali somndeni: intengo yenkungu eshisayo nebandayo isebangeni elithengiseka wonke umuntu.

Insect.Net izokusindisa kwizinambuzane ezicasulayo nezingozi!

Uma ukhathele ukulwa nezinambuzane ekhaya lakho futhi kungasikhona nesinambuzane esisodwa esinikeze imiphumela ethenjisiwe, musa ukujaha ukuphelelwa yithemba. Ochwepheshe beqembu le-Insect.Net bazothatha konke ezandleni zabo!

Ngomsebenzi wethu sisebenzisa kuphela izinsiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezanamuhla. Wonke amalungiselelo abhekana nokuhlolwa kwelebhu kusengaphambili futhi ahlangabezana nezidingo ze-GOST. Futhi, uma ufisa, ungathola ukubonisana kokuqala kanye nezwi lawo wonke ama-nuances abalulekile. Izinambuzane ngeke zibe nethuba lokusinda!

Iklayenti ngalinye lithola isiqinisekiso ngezinsizakalo esizinikezayo futhi ungaqiniseka ngekhwalithi yazo.Ngokuqinisekile uzokweneliseka ngokubambisana kwethu ngokuhlanganyela, futhi uma kunesidingo, uzokwazi ukuthi ungaphendukela kubani ukuze uthole usizo.

Oxhumana nabo ngokuxhumana nezixhumanisi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana bangatholakala ekhasini eliyinhloko lewebhusayithi esemthethweni. Khetha Insects.Net futhi uqede izinambuzane ngesikhathi esifushane kunazo zonke!

Amalungiselelo asetshenzisiwe (0)

Empini yokulwa namagundane, iTsunami isetshenziswa emigodini nasezihlahleni, okusanhlamvu okunezithasiselo, ukubola eziteshini zenyathi kanye nezicupho bukhoma. Wonke la mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi ususe ngokushesha futhi ngempumelelo ukuqeda ukutheleleka kwezinambuzane, ukuvikela umnikazi wezakhiwo nempahla yazo ekubhujisweni.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwamalungiselelo ezinambuzane

Lapho kubulawa ama-arthropods, amakhemikhali, izindlela ezinomphumela womzimba noma wezinto eziphilayo zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Umoya oshisayo owenziwe ngcono, amanzi abilayo, umusi, noma okuphambene nalokho - izinga lokushisa elincishisiwe, ungaziqeda ngokuphelele izinambuzane. Amateyipu anamathela kanye nephepha elinamathele libamba izinambuzane ezindizayo, futhi ukufaka amanetha omiyane emafasiteleni kuzobavimba ukungena egumbini.

Izindlela zamakhemikhali zibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene enzelwe i-disinfestation (insecticides). Iningi lazo lenzelwa ukubulala abantu abadala, kepha isikhathi esiningi amaqanda nezibungu zigxiliswa emakoloni, yingakho ukutheleleka kuphinda futhi. Ngokubhujiswa kwabo, ama-larvicides nama-ovicides asekhulile. Zonke izidakamizwa ezinjalo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngokuya ngemodi yesenzo:

• othintana naye. Amakhemikhali angena egobolondweni lezilokazane, engena ngqo emzimbeni,
• amathumbu. Zithinta uhlelo lokugaya lwesinambuzane,
• i-fumigants. Isetshenziselwa ukubulala ama-arthropods ngohlelo lwawo lokuphefumula.

Amanye ala mathuluzi anemisebenzi exubile. Ngakho-ke, thintana ne-chlorophos enobuthi emalungiselelweni ahlukahlukene angasetshenziswa ukuphatha indawo ehlukahlukene noma izithasiselo ezinobuthi ekudleni. Izingqinamba ezibulala izinambuzane zingathatha isimo sezidwala, izimpuphu ezivuthayo, izindimbane, izixazululo, izixazululo zensipho, njll. Ngokusebenzisa kwabo kanye nokufafaza, kusetshenziswa amadivayisi akhethekile - izifutho, amathini we-aerosol, njll.

Ukusebenza komkhiqizo nengozi yayo kubantu nasezilwaneni kuncike kwifomu lesicelo. Ukuqala ukuqeda umsebenzi, abasebenzi bethu bakhetha isilinganiso esifanele kunazo zonke sezimali ezisetshenzisiwe, kuya ngomsebenzi nangokwezinga lokutheleleka. Amakhemikhali ahlukaniswe:

• I-Organophosphorus. Babhekana nokubola okungokwemvelo ngokushesha okukhulu, okunciphisa ingozi yabo kubantu. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinambuzane ezizobhujiswa, kusetshenziswa ama-ejenti aqukethe i-fenthion, i-malathion, chlorpyrifos, nezinye.
• Ama-pyrethroids angama-synthetic. Lezi yizingxube ezisetshenziswa kumthamo omncane. Inomphumela osele wokusalela, futhi ngomthamo omncane, iphephile kubantu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezifana ne-cypermethrin, alfacipermetrin, permethrin, lambda-cygalotrin, deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, tetramethrin.
• I-Organochlorine. Bahlukaniswa wumfutho owengeziwe wesenzo, wokumelana namathonya ezemvelo. Kancane kancane baqoqana emzimbeni, kubandakanya nowomuntu. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenza, abantu abangenawo ukuvikela kwamakhemikhali abavunyelwe ezindaweni eziphathisiwe.

Ngeshwa, izinambuzane eziningi ezisebenzisa isikhathi eside lezi zidakamizwa ezifanayo ziba namandla, ngakho-ke, ezinye izindlela zisetshenziselwa ukucubungula okuphindaphindiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti elawula izinto eziphilayo kuvunyelwe - esikhundleni samakhemikhali, amagciwane, amagciwane, noma izitshalo ezisetshenziswa imikhiqizo yazo ebalulekile iyingozi ezinambuzaneni, kepha izindlela ezinjalo zivimbela kakhulu.

Izimiso Zokulawula I-Rodent

Ukuba yizilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, izinduku zikhombisa amakhono amakhulu engqondo kunezinambuzane, futhi zisheshe zijwayele izimo ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula izinambuzane kufanele kube nokuqamba okukhulu ukubhekana nale nkinga. Izindlela ezilula zokulawula izinduku zingezomshini. Izicupho zasentwasahlobo, izicupho ezibukhoma nezinye izindlela zikuvumela ukuthi ubambe abantu abathile, okukuvumela ukuthi ubasuse ngokuphepha egumbini.

Kodwa-ke, izindlela zemishini zinobunzima. Ngakho-ke, babhubhisa abantu abambalwa kuphela, yize koloni bengasukela ku-150 noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ama-ejenti okulawula izinambuzane avame ukusebenzisa ama-pesticides. Basebenza ngomgomo ofanayo - inkathazo idla isithiyo esinoshevu, bese iyafa. Kodwa-ke, amagundane namagundane angabona usongo ngokubona umphumela wawo ezihlotsheni, ngakho-ke isethi yamathuluzi asetshenziswayo ahlala eshintshwa.

Ukulungiselela ukubulala amagciwane (0)

• ube sezindlini eziphathwe ngesikhathi sokutholwa magciwane,
• vumela izilwane ukuthi zihlanzwe ezinambuzaneni,
• uma kufanele uvakashele amakamelo lapho kusebenza khona izinambuzane, udinga ukusebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela - imaski, amagilavu, ama-overalls, njll.

Ngemuva kokuba umsebenzi usuqediwe, nikeza umoya omncane imizuzu engama-30. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuba ngaphakathi ngaphandle kwemishini yokuvikela kuvinjelwe. Ilineni lokulala elisele egumbini kufanele ligezwe emanzini abilayo. Phatha yonke indawo eqinile ngekhambi lomlotha wesepha nosipho. Umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe ngamagilavu. Ukuhlanza okujwayelekile kunconyelwa ukwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ngemuva kokulawulwa kwezinambuzane.

Ifenisha ephakanyisiwe, izinto zomuntu kanye nezitsha ngesikhathi sokukhipha imishini

Ngaphambi kokulungisa igumbi ukuze licubungulwe kusuka ezinambuzaneni, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ezintweni ezingaphakathi ngaphakathi nge-upholstery ethambile nezitsha. Izitulo zezihlalo, izihlalo nama-sofa zidonsa kalula izinto ezifafazwe kalula, nazo ziqongelela ezitsheni nasezintweni zomuntu, futhi amakhemikhali asele ngaphezulu angakulimaza. Ifenisha ephothiwe kufanele ivulwe - zizophathwa ngomphunga oshisayo noma isifutho sokuhlanza imishini (ngokuya ngesimo), bese ulihlanganisa ngangokunokwenzeka. Izincomo:

• zama ukusebenzisa izikhwama ezilahlwayo zokuhlanza - zizodinga ukuvalwa esikhwameni esivalekile bese silahlwa,
• amboze ama-countertops kanye nengaphandle lefenisha ngefilimu yokunamathela,
• phatha ngokucophelela njengoba nendawo eyodwa engafundile inganciphisa ukusebenza kahle, ishiye izinambuzane ziyindawo yokuphila.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka kakhulu ukuvikelwa kwezinto zomuntu uqobo, futhi ikakhulukazi, izingubo - izicathulo, izingubo nezinye izinto ezingangenwa yizinambuzane kufanele kuvalwe ezikhwameni eziqinile. Uma ufisa, i-cookware ingashiywa ngaphandle ezindlini, kepha kufanele ihlanzwe kuqala. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi uhlanze amakhemikhali ngemuva kokuthola amagciwane, ngoba angaba usongo kumalungu omndeni womnikazi.

Lezi zinyathelo zizosindisa impilo yabo bonke abantu nezilwane ezihlala efulethini, futhi ungakhathazeki ukuthi ngenxa yokulawulwa kwezinambuzane, amakhemikhali ayingozi azohlala ngaphakathi futhi abalele engcupheni. Futhi, ukulungiselela ngokuphelele kuzothuthukisa umsebenzi wokulawulwa kwezinambuzane zenkampani yethu, kuzosheshisa futhi kuqinisekise ukusebenza kahle.

Babukeka kanjani

Izidumbu zabantu abavuthiwe zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu: inhloko, isifuba, isisu sesisu ngamabili amathathu emilenze neqhubu le-antennae. Izintuthwane zomlilo zingahlukaniswa kwabanye ngekhanda nomzimba onsundu kanye nesisu esimnyama. Izisebenzi zisuka kubomvana zibomvu. Ubukhulu buhlukahluka kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-6 mm. Esidlekeni, izintuthwane ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene zibakhona ngasikhathi sinye.

I-Solenopsis spp. ekhonjwe ngezimpawu ezintathu zomzimba: Umlenze onezindawo ezimbili. I-propodeum engahlomile. Ama-Antennas anezigaba eziyi-10 ne-baton enezingxenye ezimbili. Umlilo izintuthwane ziyalumafafaza i-acid e-acid. Ukuluma kubangela ukucasuka.Zinesihlungu esikhethekile ekugwinyeni okulimaza i-alkaloid, kanye nomhlathi wokuluma.

Ukuziphatha

I-colony ejwayelekile yezintuthwane zomlilo zakha izindunduma ezinkulu ezindaweni ezivulekile. Idla izitshalo ezincane kanye nembewu. Bahlasela izilwane ezincane futhi bangazibulala. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi eziluma, bese zifafaza i-acid esilondeni, izintuthwane zomlilo zilume nje ukubamba, bese ziluma (kusuka esiswini).

Ngomdosi, ubuthi be-alkaloid obunobuthi, obubizwa ngokuthi yi-solenopsin, buyisigaba sesigaba se-piperidine. Kubantu, lokhu ukulunywa okuhlungu, umuzwa ofana nokushiswa (yingakho igama). Ukuvezwa kwetyhefu esikhathini esizayo kungabulala abantu abanozwela.

Izintuthwane zomlilo zinolaka kakhulu kunezinhlobo eziningi zomdabu, ngakho-ke zazixosha abanye ezindaweni zazo zasendaweni. Isibonelo, izinyosi ezihluthayo i-Euglossa Imperialis, ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo zama-orchid. Faka isidleke kusuka ngezansi bese uphanga okuqukethwe amaseli.

Kanye nezinye izinambuzane

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izintuthwane zomlilo ezibomvu zakha ubudlelwane obulingisanayo nezinhlobo eziningana zezimvemvane iLycaenidae neRiodinidae. Ku-Lycaena rubidus, izibungu zifukamela uketshezi olunoshukela oluningi. Izintuthwane zibuyisela izibungu esidlekeni futhi zivikele isigaba sesibungu ukuze sondle uketshezi. Ngezibungu ze-Eurybia elvina, izindawo zokukhosela zenhlabathi zakhiwa kuma-inflorescence.

Izintuthwane zomlilo zidla enhlabathini, eduze kwezindawo ezinomswakama, njengamabhange emifula, amachibi, utshani, imigwaqo emikhulu. Imvamisa i-anthill ayibonakali, ngoba yakhiwe ngaphansi kwezinkuni, izingodo, amatshe, izitini. Uma kungekho ndawo yokukhosela, izindunduma ezakhiwe zakhiwa.

Zingabonakala kuphela ezindaweni ezivulekile, njengamasimu, amapaki, utshani. Lezi izindunduma zifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-40 cm, ukuphakama emhlabathini osindayo -1.0 namamitha ayi-1.5 ububanzi. Amakoloni asungulwa ngamaqembu amancane ezincekukazi noma ezesizungu.

Noma kungasinda indlovukazi eyodwa enyangeni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, ikoloni liyizinkulungwane zabantu. Eminye i-polygynous (inezindlovukazi eziningana esidlekeni ngasinye).

Izinambuzane ziyavuselela futhi zingasinda kwizikhukhula. Ngesikhathi seSiphepho uHarvey eTexas ngonyaka ka-2017, izixuku zezintuthwane zomlilo ezazaziwa ngokuthi ngamafulethi zazibonakala ebusweni bamanzi. Iqoqo ngalinye lalinabantu abangaba ngu-100 000 abantu ababakha isakhiwo sesikhashana baze bathola ikhaya elisha unomphela.

Izintuthwane zomlilo zimba imigudu kahle, zisebenzisa cishe ama-30% wabantu abasemagqumeni, ngaleyo ndlela zigwema ukugqwala emhubheni.

Ndlovukazi

Izintuthwane zomlilo, izintokazi ezizalanayo, ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuzala kabusha. INdlovukazi ibheka ukusungula ikoloni elisha ngemuva kwesizini yokuvuthwa. Endaweni entsha, usebenzisa ubuthi obukhethekile ukukhubazeka kwabangenayo, lapho kungekho basebenzi ukuze bavikeleke.

Ziphila iminyaka eyi-7, zikhiqiza amaqanda afinyelela kwayi-1600 ngelanga. Izindatshana zabo ziqukethe abasebenzi abangafika ku-250,000. Izindlovukazi ezincane, ezinamantombazane zinamaphiko (njengabesilisa), kodwa ziyawaphonsa emva kokukhula.

Ezinye izindima

Kunezinye izinhlobo zezindima ezenziwa yizisebenzi. Izintuthwane eziyinhloko zaziwa ngosayizi wazo omkhulu nemijaho eqinile enamandla, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekutholeni ama-maceration nokugcina ukudla.

Abancane benza imisebenzi ejwayelekile (ukunakekela amaqanda, izibungu, ipupae, ukuhlanza isidleke, ukuthola ukudla). ISolenopsis daguerrei ayinabasebenzi - zithathwa njengezinambuzane zenhlalo.

Ungawuqeda kanjani umthombo wezintuthwane zomlilo

Izinhlobo eziningi zezintuthwane zomlilo azihluphi abantu futhi azihlaseli. ISolenopsis isimangalo, esaziwa ngokuthi intuthane yomlilo obomvu ongenisiwe (i-RIFA), siyisifo esiyingozi ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba: i-USA, Australia, China, Taiwan.

Kwakukholelwa ukuthi i-RIFA ilethwe emazweni ngengozi ngamabhokisi okuhambisa. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi zitholakala ePhilippines, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi zididekile neSolenopsis geminata.

I-FDA ilinganisela ukuthi ama-30-60% abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinegciwane athola ukulunywa minyaka yonke.I-RIFA itholakala ikakhulu emazweni aseningizimu nesifundazwe ese-United States:

• EFlorida
• IGeorgia
• ENingizimu Carolina
• Louisiana
• I-Mississippi,
• Alabama
• izingxenye zeNorth Carolina,
• EVirginia
• I-Tennessee,
• E-Arkansas
• ETexas
• Oklahome
• I-New Mexico,
• ECalifornia

Izinhlelo ezikhona zokulawula noma zokuqeda izwe azisebenzi kahle. Izinambuzane sezijwayele - manje zinemilenze emide nokuziphatha okusha okusiza ukugwema ingozi.

Izitha zemvelo

Izimpukane eziyinqaba, uPoridae, ziwumndeni omkhulu wezimpukane ezincane, ezi-humpback, ezincanyana kakhulu kuneviniga. Izinhlobo ezimbili zalo mndeni (i-Pseudacteon tricuspis, i-Pseudacteon curvatus) ziyizinambuzane zentuthwane ebomvu yomlilo eseNingizimu Melika.

Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-110 zePseudacteon ziye zachazwa. Ama-pseudoactones anda ngokubeka amaqanda esifubeni sezintuthwane. Izibungu zonyaka wokuqala zidlulela ekhanda, bese zikhula, zizondla nge-hemolymph, izicubu zomzimba nezicubu zomzimba.

Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili, ikhanda lesinambuzane liyawa, likhiphe i-enzyme encibilikisa ulwelwesi olugcina ikhanda lesintuthwane emzimbeni. Amaphaphu ezindiza asemakhondweni asemakhanda avele ngemuva kwamasonto amabili.

Izimpukane, i-pseudoactones, ziyisithiyo esibalulekile semvelo seSolenopsis. Kwethulwa kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Melika.

Incazelo, ukubukeka, izici

Abantu balolu hlobo abakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngosayizi omkhulu, abantu abadala bakhule babe ngu-2 - 6 mm. I-colony yezintuthwane ngumndeni oqukethe izinqaba eziningana. Izinketho ziyahlukahluka kwimisebenzi yazo futhi zinokuhlukahluka kwangaphandle. Umzimba wezinambuzane zabantu abadala unezingxenye ezintathu, ikhanda, isisu nesifuba.

Ama-Goosebumps anamabili amathathu wemilenze ne-antennae. Lokhu kubukwa kungahlukaniswa kalula kusuka komunye umuntu ngenxa yombala wakhe okhanyayo. Isisu nekhanda kunezinwele ezimnyama zethusi; abantu abasebenzayo bangaba nazo zonke izithunzi kusuka kokubomvu kuye koku nsundu. Ukubukeka kwabo kuyabonakala esithombeni.

Ukubukeka okunamandla nokwesabisayo kubanikeza imihlathi eqinile, abayisebenzisa lapho behlasela futhi behlasela izisulu. Ngaphezu kwemihlathi, inesithukuthezi, esidala ukubhoboza izinhlungu kakhulu.

Lapho kufakwa isigaxa, ukugwaza kukhipha i-acidic formic, okucasulayo ukucasuka okukhulu kanye nokuvela kokubi.

Izitshalo

IVenus flytrap, isitshalo esihle kakhulu, ihlala eMelika North naseNingizimu Carolina kuphela. Cishe ama-33% empango yeVenus flytrap yizintuthwane zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Baheha inyamazane ngejusi elimnandi.

Lapho nje lesi sinambuzane singene ogibeni futhi sithinte “izinwele” ezimbili noma ezintathu, izihlahla ezingaphezulu kweqabunga zimboza inyamazane. Yinciphise ngemuva "kwamazinyo" azungeze uzungu, futhi uyigaye. Ezinye izitshalo ezi-carnivorous, njenge-sundew (Drosera), nazo zibamba izinambuzane.

Izitha ezinkulu zemvelo zezintuthwane zomlilo zifaka ezinye izinhlobo zezintuthwane ezihlasela izindlovukazi ngenkathi kusungulwa isidleke, lapho kungekho basebenzi abavikela ikoloni elivelayo.

Inani le-fungus ye-entomopathogenic izitha zemvelo. Isibonelo, uBeauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae. Lesi sakamuva sitholakala ngokuhweba ngokulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo (isb. Ngaphandle kwezinambuzane) zezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Ubuchwepheshe obusha bukhulise isikhathi sabo sokuphila nokusebenza ngokumelene nezinambuzane zomlilo.

Umusa I-Solenopsis iqukethe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200. Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziwa njengezintuthwane zomlilo, iningi lizinambuzane ezincane, ezihamba kancane ezingakwazi ukugwaza, okubizwa ngokuthi izintuthwane zamasela. Izintuthwane zomlilo “eziyiqiniso” ziyiqembu lezinhlobo ezingama-20, ezinkulu nokuthi ziluma ngesihluku kanjani lapho ziphazamiseka.

Ukuzala

Indawo yokuhlala yabo yemvelo yizimo zemvelo, kepha lokhu akubavimbeli ukuthi bangene ezindlini zokuhlala futhi bazinza emakoloni lapho. Akunandaba ukuthi banqume ukuhlala kuphi, insimu ihlolwa kuqala izintuthwane ze-scout.

Umsebenzi wabo ukubheka izimo zokuhlela isidleke nokubheka imithombo yokudla, lezi yizindlela zokuthola indawo yokuhlala. Lapho insimu isondela, ikoloni elidala liqala ukuhamba. Abantu abaphambili baleli koloni abesilisa nabesifazane, abanamaphiko, bandizela esidlekeni esisha cishe okokuqala.

Lolu hlobo lunamakhono ahlukile, abantu abazalanayo bangazala izingane ngokwazo uma kunesidingo sokubuyisa inani lezintuthwane ezisebenzayo. Isibeletho senzelwa ukwenziwa kabusha kwenzalo, izala abantu besifazane nabesilisa. Isibeletho esisodwa singabekela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-250 empilweni yaso.

Akubona bonke abamele le nhlobo abachitha isikhathi ekuhleleni amakhaya abo nokwakha ama-anthill. Isibonelo, e-Argentina goosebumps ikwazi ukukhetha isidleke sezilwane eziyizidleke zekoloni layo, baxosha i-caimans futhi bayohlala endaweni efudumele.

Kepha awagcini lapho, inzalo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisele esidlekeni ihliselwe ekufeni. Izintuthwane zidla amaqanda, zinganikezi ithuba elincane lokuthuthuka nokusinda.

Zihlobene nenzalo yakwabo, kuvela izibungu emaqandeni abukeka njengezibungu. Abantu abakulesi sigaba sentuthuko abanakusizwa ngokuphelele, abakwazi ukuzondla, ukuthuthukisa, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu ngakho-ke basinda ngaphandle kosizo lwabantu abasebenzayo.

Izibungu kufanele zidlule izinyibilikisi eziningana, kuthi lapho molt ngamunye ukhuphuka ubunzima bomzimba futhi nobukhulu bawo bukhuphuke, bese buzuka bube chrysalis. Unakekelwa nangamaqhugwane asebenza nge-goose, lapho kufika isikhathi soguquko esigabeni esilandelayo, bayamsiza ukuba aphume kwikhokhonathi yabo.

Izintuthwane zomlilo ezingenisiwe zibomvu

Intuthwane ebomvu yomlilo (i-Solenopsis Invicta) idabuka eSouth America, isakazeke kulo lonke elase-Australia, New Zealand, e-Asia, eCaribbean. I-United States of America (USA). I-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) isibabize enye yezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlaselayo emhlabeni.

Ukudla

Ukudla kwabo kuhlukile futhi kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, badla izitshalo ezincane, izinambuzane, ezingaba zikhulu kakhulu kunabo.

Kepha akagcini lapho, angahlasela amasele, izinyoka, amagundane. Uma bethola isidumbu sesilwane esikhulu, ngeke basidlule, kodwa baqoqe ukudla kwabo.

Izakhamizi zezwe lethu

Uma sikhuluma ngensimu yezwe lethu, le nhlobo iyivelakancane, ngoba izimo ezinjalo zokuphila azibafanele ngokuphelele. Ensimini yethu kuphila izintuthwane ezibomvu, ezidumile phakathi kwabantu bomlilo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemililo, awukwazi ukubabiza ngokuthi banolaka nakancane, kodwa kunalokho, ngokumelene nesizinda sabo babukeka banokuthula okukhulu.

Ziphila ngendalo, zithanda ukuhlomisa ama-anthillin emahlathini acijile nalutho. Ziyizinambuzane eziwusizo kakhulu, ngoba zibamba iqhaza ngqo ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi enezakhi zezitshalo, ngaphezu kwalokho, ziwukulandelana kwehlathi, ngoba zibulala izinambuzane. Kubantu, azibeki ingozi.

Ukulimala ezintuthwaneni zomlilo

Lezi zinambuzane ezincane empeleni zenza umonakalo omkhulu. Balulaza izinyamazane, izinambuzane ezizuzisayo, zihlasela izihlobo zazo, zihlasele izinyoni nemfuyo. Abanayo umehluko wokuthi ngubani ozohlasela nokuthi usayizi walowo ohlukumezayo. Bahlasela kalula izilwane ezinkulu futhi ngeke bazimise, nabantu.

Bangabulala amasheya amakhulu okudla, ahlala ezindlini zokugcina nasekuphekeni. Imvamisa kakhulu bangena emishini kagesi, bahlome isidleke lapho, okuholela ekujikelezeni kukagesi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuholele emlilweni.

Azikhathaleli ukubulala izibulala-zinambuzane futhi alwa nemikhakha emikhulu akunangqondo.

Kunezimo lapho abahlali bendlu bephoqeleka ukuba bashiye indlu yabo, ngoba ikoloni alikwazanga ukuphathwa.

Ingabe ukuluma kuyingozi?

Abahlaseli izisulu zabo bodwa.Iqembu ngokushesha lihlasela isisulu esikhethiwe, ngenkathi liluma kaningi ngokugwaza ngento enobuthi. Ngokwesilinganiso esincane, ubuthi abubangeli imiphumela ebucayi, kepha ngokumelene nenani elikhulu lobuthi obunobuthi, umzimba unzima kakhulu ukumelana nayo.

Ukuhlaselwa kweqembu okunjalo kuholela ekufeni komuntu. Uma ubheka izibalo, bese kuba khona eMelika ngonyaka owodwa amacala angaphezu kuka-30 okuhlaselwa kwalezi zinambuzane ngemiphumela ebulalayo yomuntu.

Insiza yezimo eziphuthumayo

Uma ukhubeka ngokutholakala kwalaba babulali, kufanele wazi ukuthi kufanele uziphathe kahle kanjani esimweni esinjalo. Khumbula ukuthi izigaxa ze-goose ezivikela ukuhlaselwa kwe-anthill, uma zizizwa zisongelwa, zizokulwa ngolaka.

Ngakho-ke, uma ubona ukuthi la ma-goosebumps akuhlasela, kufanele usheshe ubuye usuka kusiqalo se-anthill ngangokunokwenzeka. Lapho-ke kudingeka ususe izinambuzane ngokwakho, akunangqondo ukuthi unikine, babambelela kakhulu esilwaneni sabo.

Awukwazi ukubabulala bese ubabhoboza. Iqiniso ngukuthi laba bantu baphunga kakhulu uma bezwa ukushona kwesihlobo, lokhu kuzoba wuphawu lwengozi enkulu kubo bese kuba khona abazakwabo abazobasindisa, okuzobhebhethekisa kakhulu lesi simo. Kuyinto efiselekayo, uma kungenzeka, ukugcina ingxenye elunywe ngumzimba iqonde, ngokuqinisekile lokhu akwenzeki njalo.

Indawo ethintekile yomzimba idinga ukugezwa, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise okuthile okubandayo ukuze unciphise ukugqwala, kuyadingeka ukuthatha i-antihistamine. Masinyane uye esikhungweni sezokwelashwa ukuthola usizo, lobu buthi bungadala i-pulmonary edema, okuholela ekufeni.

Ingozi ezilwaneni

Kwezilwane, azinangozi kangako, kepha uma kuhlaselwa, isilwane sizwa izinhlungu. Kukhona nethuba lokufa. Uma inja ilunywa yi-goose enjalo, izoqala ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwesikhumba, ukuvuvukala kanye ne-erythema. Usuku lonke, isilwane siba nezimpawu.

Ziluma imfuyo phezu kwezindawo ezinobuncane bezinwele, ngakho isisu, izindlebe kanye nesigaxa kwesinye isikhathi kuhlushwa. Uma ama-goosebumps ehlasela izinkomo ezincane, kaningi lokhu kuholela ebumpumputhe bezilwane, kwezinye, ekufeni kwazo. Lezi zinambuzane zivame ukuhlasela abantu ababuthaka abangavikelekile kunabanamandla futhi banempilo. Ekwelashweni kwezilwane, kusetshenziswa ama-corticosteroids, ama-antibiotic, amafutha okugcoba.

Kunamacala owaziwayo wokuhlaselwa onogwaja, ama-ferrets, ama-squirrels, ama-owl amachwane, njll., Zonke izimpawu ziba ngokufana. Lezi zinambuzane ezibulala zibulala izinkomo. Lapho lesi silwane sihlaselwa, sikhotha izindawo ezilunywe yizinhlungu, okuholela ekutheni zigwinye lezi zinambuzane.

Lapho sezingaphakathi kwesilwane, zihlala ziphila isikhathi esithile futhi ziyaqhubeka nokugwinya, okubangela futhi ukulimala kwesisu.

Njengoba ubona, ukulimala okuvela kubo kumane nje kukhulu, futhi e-United States imali enkulu, umzamo nesikhathi kusetshenziswa ukulwa nabo, kodwa, ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukubaqeda labo bababulali. Izindlela zokulwa ezahlukahlukene ziyasetshenziswa, kusetshenziswa izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ukufafaza izinambuzane, abantu bazimele bokwemba izinsiza besebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele isidleke, bagcwalise amakoloni ngamanzi abilayo, kepha lokhu akulethi imiphumela, abantu, izilwane ziyaqhubeka nokuhlupheka, nempahla yokudla nayo iyabhujiswa.

Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yomzabalazo nokusebenzisa izindlela eziningi, kwafakazelwa ukuthi ukundiza kwe-humpback kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuqeda lezi zintuthwane ezimbi.

Akadli izintuthwane, kepha usebenzisa indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokubhubhisa abantu. Le mpukane ibeka izinyane ngqo ezintuthwaneni eziphilayo, zizithwalisela amaqanda zize ziyibambe, okuthi ngosizo lwe-enzyme ekhethekile ibulale ama-goosebumps. I-enzyme idla ikhanda lekhanda, elivumela izibungu ukuba zidle futhi zikhule.

Ukufingqa

Vele, laba bantu babhekwa njengenye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu; bayakwazi ngisho nokulimaza ikoloni elincane.Esikhathini esifushane kakhulu, laba “basebenzi” bayakwazi ukwehlisa umuntu isitoko sokudla.

Baphethe amagciwane nokutheleleka ngokwabo, okungaholela ekuthelelekeni kwabantu ngezifo ezahlukahlukene. Ukuhlaselwa yimikhosi emikhulu kungaholela ekufeni kwabantu nasezilwaneni. Kunzima kakhulu ukubasusa, futhi uthathe imihlangano kungcono ukugwema.

Izintuthwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni - ziyingozi kubantu nokuthi bahlala kuphi!

I-Ant Bulldog - incazelo, ukubukeka, ingozi kubantu

Izintuthwane ze-Leaf cutter - incazelo, umjikelezo wempilo, izici zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezithuthukisiwe!

Zibukeka kanjani izintuthwane ezingenamibala futhi kungani zanda indlu? Amasu Anempumelelo Wokulwa Nezintuthwane

Umlando Wezintuthwane Ebomvu

Ngisho eminyakeni eyi-100 eyedlule, izintuthwane zomlilo zazihlala eBrazil kuphela, kuze kube yilapho ngengozi ngawo-1930 zilethwa ngemikhumbi yabathengi kwelinye lamachweba e-Alabama, e-USA. Lapho sesisesimweni esihle sezulu kubo, abangahlangabezani nokuphikiswa okuvela kwabasebenza kuleyo ndawo, baqala ukwanda ngokushesha, baqonda amasifunda abo bonke amazwe aseningizimu yeNyakatho Melika neMexico.

Kakade ngo-2001, futhi, ngosizo lwezohwebo lwasolwandle, beza e-Australia, eNew Zealand, base baya eChina, ePhilippines naseziqhingini ezincane zasePacific.

Amazwe amaningi afunda lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane, enza ucwaningo lwesayensi, enza izindlela zokubhujiswa kwawo, kanye nezindlela zokwelapha abantu nezilwane ezivela ekuzilume ngazo. Ukulahleka okuphelele kwaseMelika kulingana nezigidigidi ezingama-5 zamaRandi ngonyaka, ezisetshenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kubantu abalimele nezilwane, kumakhemikhali ekubhujisweni kwabo.

Ngenqubo yokwakha insimu entsha, izintuthwane zomlilo zilimaza hhayi kuphela abantu nezilwane ezifuywayo, zidonsa futhi zibulale abafowabo bezinhlobo zasendaweni, bangahlasela izidleke zezingwenya, izimfudu nezinyoni ezingekho phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba.

Incazelo yezinhlobo nezici

Intuthwane yomlilo inosayizi omncane kakhulu: izinsikazi zingama-2-4 mm ngombala obomvu-onsundu, abesilisa bumnyama, bacishe baba mnyama. Lesi sithombe santuthwane obomvu sibonisa ukuthi umzimba wayo uqukethe ikhanda elinemihlathi, umzimba, imilenze eyi-6 eqinile, isethi yamadevu nokugwaza, okufihlwe esiswini.

Emvelweni, bakha izindishi eziphansi, bakha izindunduma phansi kuze kufike ku-0.5 m ukuphakama nobubanzi. Kukhona ukwabiwa okucacile kwezindima zabasebenzi, abakhiqizi bokudla, onogada, abakhi, nezinduna ezondla izingane.

Phakathi kwezidleke eziningana, izintuthwane zakha imitha engaphansi komhlaba engamamitha amaningi lapho zingagijima khona ngaphesheya futhi, lapho zihlangana "namaqhawe" omakhelwane, zingene zilwe.

Kuyathinta amandla abo namandla abo okusinda. Yize kudlula emhlabeni, kepha emazweni abo kuvame ukuba nezikhukhula. Ukuze usinde, izintuthwane ezibomvu zikwazile ukuqhamuka nezindlela zokusindisa njengefufu eliphilayo elivela emizimbeni yazo, ziboshwe ngemihlathi enamandla. Isakhiwo esinjalo sikwazi ukuntanta amasonto ambalwa.

Lapho ilunywa, intuthwane isebenzisa ukugwinya futhi ilume ngamaphuzu amaningana ubuthi be-solenopsin, okungekilasi le-alkaloids. Kubangela ubuhlungu obuvuthayo, obuzwa njengokushiswa umlilo, ngenxa yokuthi banikeze leli gama inambuzane. Abantu abathintekile bavame ukuba nomthelela ongahambi kahle, ohambisana ne-edema, ukugabha, isiyezi, ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic futhi nokufa kungenzeka. Amabhola avela endaweni, ngemuva kokuphiliswa lapho izibazi zivame ukusala.

Ukudla Okunomsoco Nokuzala

Ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane yikho okudliwa yizintuthwane ezibomvu nokuthi kudliwa yiphi inqwaba yabantu bekholoni. Lawa ngotshani, amahlumela amasha ezihlahlana, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene nezibungu zazo, amacimbi, kanye nezilwane ezincane: amagundane, amasele, izibankwa nezinyoka, amaqanda ezinyoni, izidumbu nezidumbu zezilwane.

Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, izintuthwane zisebenza ngokubambisana. Lapho ihlasela isisulu, ifaka umuthi wobuthi kuyo, obangela umuzwa ovuthayo kanye nobuhlungu, ukuze kuthi kamuva kudliwe kungenasisekelo noma kudonswe ekhaya labo ukondla izibungu ezikhulayo.

Njengabo bonke abameleli bezinambuzane, ukuthuthukiswa kwentuthwane kwenzeka ngezigaba ezi-4:

• ukumiswa kweqanda lesibeletho, lapho owesifazana oyedwa enikeza inzalo efinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-250 empilweni yakhe,
• ukuvela eqandeni lezibungu elifana nesibungu esincane, esinikwa ngabantu abasebenza ikholoni,
• inyamazane,
• Ukuguqulwa kube yisinambuzane esidala.

Izintuthwane zomlilo ziyathakazelisa ososayensi: abanye abesilisa nabesifazane bangahlehla bodwa ukuzokhulisa isibalo sabantu abasebenzayo.

Ukulimala okubangelwa izintuthwane nezindlela zomzabalazo

Yize izidlozi ezinjengomlilo ziletha inzuzo ethile ngokudla izinambuzane zokusanhlamvu, imidumba, ukutshala irayisi nomhlanga, kodwa ziyakwazi ukudala inkinga.

Njengoba ihlala endaweni ethile, ikoloni lezintuthwane lilimaza kakhulu imvelo nezolimo:

• ihlasela ukuluma okubuhlungu ezilwaneni zasendle nezasekhaya, ezithinta amapulazi nabanikazi uqobo,
• faka izitshalo ezivela ezweni lezolimo,
• yidla amasheya okusanhlamvu emapulazini,
• kulimaze izakhiwo
• ukuhlela izindatshana ezindleleni zomsebenzi wokuhlanganisa nowokuluka, uphazamisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile.

Emashumini eminyaka edlule, ososayensi baseMelika basebenzise izindlela nezindlela eziningi zokubhubhisa izintuthwane zomlilo ezibomvu. Kuqala, bezama ukufaka ubuthi ezinambuzaneni ezibulala izinambuzane, bazifafaze ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane. Ngemuva kwalokho le ndlela yatholakala ukuthi iyingozi ezinambuzaneni nasezilwaneni eziseduze.

Emzabalazweni wokulwa “nokuhlaselwa ngomlilo”, basebenzise izindlela zokumba izidleke, bazithela ngamanzi abilayo ne-nitrogen ewuketshezi, kepha kulesi simo, isibeletho safunda ukukhasa sijule emhlabathini futhi silinde zonke izinkathazo zalapho ukuze kamuva zikhishwe futhi zibeke amaqanda, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwangaphambilini kwesibalo sezintuthwane.

Indlela yokuqala yomzabalazo kwakuwukutshala izimpukane ze-humpback, ezazisebenzisa izintuthwane ukukhulisa inzalo yazo. I-humpback ibeka iqanda layo khona kanye entuthwaneni, kanye nesibungu esihlosiwe, senza umthwalo waso wokondla ngosizo lwe-enzyme ekhubazekile, kancane kancane siyidle cishe izinsuku ezingama-40.

Kepha konke lokhu akusalethi imiphumela emihle, kanye nokwenziwa kabusha kwezintuthwane zomlilo obomvu emhlabeni wonke kuyaqhubeka.

Intuthwane yomlilo ebomvu ... Wikipedia

Intuthwane yomlilo -? Izintuthwane zomlilo Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi UMbuso: Uhlobo Lwezilwane: Ama-Arthropods ... Wikipedia

Intuthwane yomlilo ebomvu -? Izintuthwane zomlilo obomvu Umlilo ant izintuthwane Solenopsis invicta Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi ... Wikipedia

Ngenisa intuthwane yomlilo ebomvu -? Intuthwane ebomvu yomlilo ebomvu Inentuthwane yomlilo Ngakho ... Wikipedia

I-Solenopsis - Igama elithi "Solenopsis" linezinye izincazelo: bheka Solenopsis (izincazelo). ? Solenopsis ... Wikipedia

I-Hymenopterism - Ukuluma nokulimaza izinambuzane Ukugwinya izinyosi ... I-Wikipedia

I-Family Woodpeckers (i-Picidae) - Umndeni wama-woodpeckers uqukethe izinyoni ezincane nezincane: izinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke zikhulu kancanyana kunondlunkulu, kanti ezinkulu ngobukhulu zisondela kugwababa. Umbala we-plumage ku-woodpeckers uhlukile, kepha ezinhlotsheni eziningi ... ... Biological Encyclopedia

Inkomba yobuhlungu be-Schmidt - Ukugwazwa kwesidlakela esinethonsi lobuthi esicubu seSchmidt Scing (i-English Schmidt Sting Pain Index) kuyisilinganiso samandla okugwaza wokugwaza i-hymenoptera (iqembu leHymenoptera), ku ... Wikipedia

Okungenayo - Lo mbhalo noma lesi sigaba sidinga ukubuyekezwa. Sicela uthuthukise i-athikili ngokuya ngemithetho yezindatshana zokubhala ... Wikipedia

Uhlu Lwezilwane Olungabonakali - I-Colorado bug ... I-Wikipedia

Izincwadi

• Izinambuzane, Uchungechunge oluMangalisayo lweMvelo yoMhlaba luyi-encyclopedia yamaqiniso amangalisayo mayelana nezilwane zomhlaba wethu. Uhlelo ngalunye luqukethe amaqiniso angama-50 athakazelisayo ngemimangaliso yemvelo, izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, ... Isigaba: Uchungechunge Lwezilwane Nezitshalo: Umhlaba Omangalisayo Wezilwane Umshicileli: Hobbiteka, Thenga ama-ruble angama-218
• Izinambuzane, I-Amazing Animal World Series iyi-encyclopedia encane yamaqiniso amangalisayo mayelana nezilwane zomhlaba wethu. Uhlelo ngalunye luqukethe amaqiniso angama-50 athakazelisayo ngemimangaliso yemvelo, izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, ... Isigaba:

Izintuthwane ezibomvu zigcwele ngengozi eyengeziwe kunokuba ziqoqa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lezi zinambuzane zibonwa njengenye yazo zonke izinhlobo zazo ezinkulu. Yize ochwepheshe bethi lo mbono udlulele ngokweqile.

Bahlala kuphi

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo imbovane yomlilo kubhekwa njengeBrazil, lapho yaqala ukutholakala khona. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinambuzane eziyingozi zathuthela eMelika. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1900, lapho amazwe eqala ukusungula ukuhweba okuphathelene namazwe aphesheya. Izintuthwane zomlilo zathutha kanye nezinkomo.

Kuze kube manje, abamele le nhlobo bangatholakala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zaseMexico, Australia, Malaysia, China nasePhilippines. Zisatshalaliswa kabanzi naseziqhingini eziningi zaseCaribbean.

Babekezelela ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kahle futhi bangabhukuda, ngenxa yokuhluka. Kulokhu, abantu bangqongqotha ndawonye ngamaqembu, banamathela ngokuqinile komunye nomunye futhi bakhe uhlobo lwe-raft. Ngeke bakwazi ukuhlala unomphela kule modi, ngakho-ke, lapho nje sebethola umhlaba, ngokushesha bazoqala ukuhlela.

Isimo sezulu esingesihle saseRussia sikhangeka kakhulu kubantu balezi zinhlobo, ngakho-ke, kuze kube manje azikho izinkudlwana zezintuthwane zomlilo obomvu eziye zabonwa endaweni yeRussia Federation.

Izici ezihlukanisayo

Kulula ukwahlukanisa izintuthwane eziyingozi. Banombala obomvu okhanyayo. Abesilisa bamnyama, bacishe baba mnyama. Abantu abakhulu abahlukile. Okukhulu emndenini wezintuthwane. Ingafinyelela ku-6 mm. Abantu abasele bakhula ngesilinganiso esingu-2-4 mm. Ubukhulu bawo buxhomeke kakhulu empilweni yekoloni. Kokuthakazelisa okukodwa, abantu abakhulu nabancane kakhulu bangaba khona ngokuphelele.

Izintuthwane zomlilo zinesakhiwo esijwayelekile somzimba, esinezingxenye ezi-3:

Ekhanda lomuntu ngamunye kunezihlakala ezinamandla, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-mandibles. Ngosizo lwabo, izintuthwane zibamba ukudla, zithwale izinto zize zithuse izitha. Izintuthwane zomlilo ziyakwazi ukuqondakala. Ukuhlelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamehlo kukuvumela ukuba ulandelele isisulu ngokunemba okukhulu nokulawula isimo esikuzungezile. Umzimba uphela ngokugwinya okukhulu, ngosizo lwabantu abasebenza olwabo.

Izintuthwane zomlilo azihlaseli ngaphandle kwesizathu. Bangakhombisa ulaka kuphela uma benomuzwa wokuthi impendulo yabo isengozini.

Le nhlobo inosayizi abathandekayo besisu. Imvelo ikubeke ngendlela yokuthi abantu bakwazi ukugaya ukudla okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokushesha. Futhi kule ngxenye kukhona zonke izitho zokuzala.

Izici zamandla

Izintuthwane zomlilo aziyona into ekhethiwe ekukhetheni ukudla, ngakho-ke zingahlukaniswa ngokuthi ama-omnivores. Njengokudla abakusebenzisayo:

1. Izinsalela zokudla kwabantu.
2. Amajusi wesitshalo.
3. Iziqu.
4. Carrion.

Ngamaqembu, bahlasela ama-invertebrates amancane, amabhungane, nama-amphibians. Inkomba ekhethekile kubo ngabantu ababuthaka noma abagulayo. Sikhuluma ngokudla izintuthwane ezibomvu, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele amacimbi ahlukahlukene nezibungu, azithanda kakhulu.

Njengoba zihlala eduze kwabantu, izintuthwane zomlilo zilibhekisa ngokulangazela ukudla emgqonyeni wezibi. Noma kungenayo imithombo yamahhala yokudla endaweni kawonkewonke, abamele uhlobo oluyingozi bangadla izimpahla zesikhumba, i-glue yephepha noma iphepha.

Inhlangano yezempilo

Izintuthwane zomlilo zinohlelo olujwayelekile lokusekela impilo. Imindeni inamaqembu amathathu:

Ngokungafani nabanye abafowethu emndenini ovuthayo, kungahle kube nabantu abaningana ngasikhathi sinye abaphethe amaqanda. Lokhu kuvumela ngejubane elihlaba umxhwele. Abantu abasebenzayo ngabantu besifazane abakwazi ukuzala inzalo.

Iqembu le-brood lifaka zonke izigaba zokuphila kuze kufike umuntu ovuthiwe: amaqanda, izibungu ne-pupae. Ukuthuthukiswa kwabo kuncike ngokuphelele kubantu abadala. Abantu ababhekele isibalo sabantu bafihla amawundlu esikhathi esizayo ngokujule ngangokunokwenzeka ku-anthill futhi baqaphe ukudla kwabo ngokucophelela.

Izintuthwane zomlilo zizama ukuhlomisa ikhaya labo eduze komthombo wokudla ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungaba umhlaba wezolimo noma izindlu zabantu. Kungakho emazweni lapho abamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo zomlilo behlangana, kusebenza ngenkuthalo nabantu. Isithotho santuthwane ebomvu sisakazwa njalo, sixwayiswa ngengozi yokusunywa yaso nezindlela zokutholwa. Futhi, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwezindawo zezolimo, ukulawulwa kwezilwane kwemfuyo nokuqeqeshwa kosizo kokulunywa kuqala kwenziwa.

Kunobungozi

Kwesinye isikhathi ukuluma kungakudonsela phansi ukusabela okungekuhle komzimba kanye nokuthuthumela kwe-anaphylactic. Ngaphandle kosizo olukhethekile, umuntu angafa nokufa.

Ngaphezu kokulimala okuyingozi, intuthwane yomlilo ilimaza kakhulu:

• ezolimo, ukucekela phansi amasimu amakhulu ezitshalo ezibalulekile,
• ukuphathwa kwezilwane - ngemuva kokuhlaselwa, imfuyo ingagula kakhulu, amandla ayo okuzala ancishisiwe, futhi uma ukudonsa kwesinambuzane kungena esweni lesilwane, khona-ke kubhekene nokungaboni ngokuphelele,
• impilo yasekhaya - abantu ngamunye badla inani elikhulu lokudla, bangakwazi nokuququda ngocingo lukagesi, lezo zenzo ziye zaholela kaningi kwisifunda esifushane nomlilo wangempela.

Lesi simo sidingida ukungabi bikho kwezindlela ezisebenzayo zokulwa nalezinambuzane. Ngemuva kwakho konke, abanawo umphumela owufunayo futhi isicelo asithinti umsebenzi wabo wokuphila nhlobo. Kube nezimo lapho abantu baphoqelelwa ukuthi bashintshe indawo ababehlala kuyo ngemuva kokuhlasela kwezintuthwane ezibomvu.

Ukhuluma ngamaphutha kanye nengozi izintuthwane ezibomvu eziphatha nazo, kufanele uzinake. Lolu hlobo, njengabafowethu abaningi, luhlelekile kahle endaweni yalo. Yize kunjalo, ukhulula insimu kulezi zidumbu zezilwane ezincane nezinambuzane. Futhi ukuhlelwa kwesithangami kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi, kugcwalise umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhi zomzimba.

Ngakho-ke, ukwenza umzabalazo ongenamusa wokulwa nezinambuzane akunangqondo, ngoba lokhu kungaba nemiphumela edabukisayo. Umsebenzi owenziwe umuntu hhayi ukuphazamisa izintuthwane zomlilo bese uzama ukukulondoloza lolu hlobo oluyigugu olungenakuphikwa.

Isinambuzane esincane esivela eqenjini le-hymenoptera - intuthwane, kuwuphawu lomsebenzi onzima. Amandla ayo okuhambisa imithwalo kaningana isisindo sayo ihlukile. Ezinye izinhlobo azinabungozi ngokuphelele, kepha kukhona lezo ezibeka engcupheni impilo yezilwane nabantu.

Incazelo nezici zentuthwane yomlilo

Ukusabela okwenziwa ngokushesha yile nto encane eyenzekayo lapho ukuluma kwentuthwane yomlilo izinto ezishisayo ziyaziwa. Igama lanikezwa ngenxa yobuthi obunokuqukethwe kwe-alkaloid ye-solenopsin, ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokulunywa.

Kuyathinta izinto ezinjengomlilo. Akungabungozi kangako iqiniso lokuvumelana kwazo okuhle nezimo ezintsha ekubhujisweni kwama-biocenoses akhona. Uqobo lwayo luqhamuka eBrazil, kepha selusabalale ngemizila yolwandle oluya eChina, New Zealand, e-USA nasePhilippines.

Babukeka bebabazekayo isithombe sezintuthwane zomlilo. Kepha noma kunjalo bayizidalwa ezincane, ezinomishini wemoto eyenziwe kahle. Inemilenze eyisithupha eqinile ngokungajwayelekile.

Umzimba usuka ku-2 kuye ku-6 ml ngosayizi, ubude buxhomeke endaweni yokuhlala kwesinambuzane. Kokunye ukwenzeka, imvuthuluka kanye "nabakhulu" bahlala ndawonye. Imizimba yabo iyingxenye-ezintathu: ikhanda, isifuba, isisu.

Akubomvu kuphela, kukhona obomvu onsundu noma obomvu. Umbala wesisu uhlala umnyama. Lezi zinambuzane zibizwa esidlangalaleni ngenxa yobukhosi:

• izintokazi - ezinamaphiko anamathumbu, zinezintuthwane ezifika ku-12 ama-PC.,
• abesilisa - futhi abanamaphiko, amadevu afinyelela kuma-13 ama-PC.,
• abasebenzi - ngaphandle kwabo, kusebenza kuze kufike kuma-12 ama-PC.

Wonke umuntu une amadevu amade amade - isikhafu. Udosi lufihlwe esiswini, kepha kukhona okubhalwe phansi ngenaliti ebizwayo.

Indlela yokuphila yezintuthwane zomlilo nendawo yokuhlala

Indawo efudumele izoba yindawo enhle umthombo wezintuthwane zomlilo. Ngakho-ke, bakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezihambisanayo zesimo sezulu esiseduze nomhlaba wezolimo, kepha bangahlala ekhaya lomuntu uqobo.

Njengabantu, baba khona futhi bazingela ndawonye. Okokuqala, zisakazeka emzimbeni wesisulu ngemilenze, zimbe esikhunjeni, bese ngosizo lokuqina zilethe ingxenye ebonakalayo ye-solenopsin.

Kuya ngethamo, isisulu sithola izinhlungu ezingabekezeleleki kanye nesilonda esifana nokushiswa okushisayo, noma sifa ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi sokuphila okunokuthula, ukwabiwa okucacile kwemisebenzi kungalandelelwa ngaphakathi kwethotho, omunye wakhe, uvikele, onesi inzalo, unesibopho sokuhlinzeka.

Emazweni lapho behlala khona, imali eningi isetshenziswa ekwelashweni ngamakhemikhali komhlaba, ngokulawulwa kwezilwane, kanye nasekwelashweni kwemiphumela yokulunywa ukubhubhisa i-anthill.

Bazama ukususa phansi izidleke ngokumba imithombo, kepha izintokazi ezihlakaniphile zifihla ezindaweni eziningi ezingaphansi komhlaba, zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1 ukujula, bese ziqala kabusha ukuzinza. Kunezimo lapho abantu besuswa endaweni ababehlala kuyo, futhi izintuthwane zomlilo ezibomvu wasala.

Ukudla Kwezintuthwane

Kubukeka kuyinqaba, kepha kukhona okumele kwenziwe yilaba bantu abakhohlisayo abakhohlisayo. Badla izinambuzane zezitshalo:

• okusanhlamvu nemidumba,
• irayisi
• umoba, njll.

Kepha ukulimala kusekukhulu. Kusuka izintuthwane zomlilo ama-amphibians amancane ahlupheka kakhulu, okumele ashintshe i-morphology yawo, indlela yokuziphatha namaqanda aphuthelwe.

Izinambuzane azihlangani “nezihlobo” zazo, ezifanayo nazo, zincintisana ngokudla. Akuzona nje kuphela izitha ezidla izambane likapondo, kepha futhi nezidakamizwa zokuhlanza ukhula. Use isithombe somlilo cishe njalo kuthunjwa ngokuphatha okuthile emhlane ukuze kwakhiwe noma kudliwe:

• amahlumela, isiqu sezitshalo,
• izimbungulu ezahlukahlukene, amacimbi,
• izibungu
• ezihuquzelayo.

Izimpukane ze-Humpback (Phoridae) zohlobo lwe-Pseudacteon

Izinhlobo Pseudacteon tricuspis kanye Pseudacteon curvatus zangeniswa ngokukhethekile emazweni aseningizimu ye-United States kusuka eSouth America ngenhlangano yokulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo zezintuthwane zomlilo. Kwaphawuleka ukuthi izintuthwane zeSolenopsis geminata phambi kwezimpukane zikaPseudacteon kunciphisa ukwenziwa kwazo ngezizathu zokuphepha.

Izimpukane zesifazane ezindala, zisebenzisa i-ovipositor ngesikhathi sokuhlasela komoya okusheshayo, zibeka iqanda elilodwa esifubeni ngentuthwane esebenza. Izibungu ziba lapho cishe amasonto amabili noma amathathu, emva kwalokho zidlulela ekhanda lentuthwane, lapho liqhubeka nokudla khona nge-hemolymph kanye nezicubu zokubamba, okubangela ukufa kwesintuthwane kancane kancane. Iqhubu lezibungu elivuthiwe endaweni efanayo, ekhanda lesintuthwane, nasemva kwamaviki angama-2-3, ngokuya ngezimo zokushisa, isikhunta esikhulela esikhungweni esidala. Ngale mbongolo, ikhanda lesintuthwane liwa, yingakho igama lesiNgisi lalezi zimpukane ze-humpback livela ku: "Izintuthwane zomlilo ziyahlakaza").

Izimpukane ze-Humpback zindizela ngezintuthwane

• Funda kabanzi: IGenus: Solenopsis = Izintuthwane zomlilo

Emzabalazweni wesikhathi eside wezintuthwane zomlilo engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-USA, impumelelo ingatholakala ngokubonga impukane encane kodwa esabekayo kubo. Zizonda lezi zintuthwane yonke indawo: ziluma abantu, zichithe amachwane, ziholele kumasekethe amafushane ku-wiring kagesi, futhi zivimbela nezinhlobo zasendaweni zezintuthwane.

Kepha, kuvela ukuthi, izintuthwane zomlilo zathola izimbangi ezingathi sína ngendlela yezimpukane ze-humpback. Izimpukane eziyizidlakudla zande emazweni aseNingizimu Melika, lapho kutholakala khona indawo enkulu yezintuthwane zomlilo, futhi izinsikazi zalezi zimpukane zingazalela amaqanda kuzo. Iqanda likhula libe yisibungu esilawula indlela izinambuzane ezisebenza ngayo - kubukeka sengathi “iyayiqondisa” endaweni enomswakama (izibungu zezimpukane zingaphansi kokomiswa okusheshayo) kubanga elivikelekile kwezinye izintuthwane zomlilo. Ngemuva kwalokho izibungu zidla ubuchopho besuthwane, ikhanda lazo lihlukaniswe nomzimba, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-40 impukane endala isuswe ekhanda lentuthwane.

"Lokhu kundiza akugcini nje ngokunqamula izintuthwane - kuguqula izintuthwane kube Zombies," kusho uSanford Porter, uchwepheshe wezokuhlangenwe nakho eMnyangweni Wezolimo wase-US.

Kusukela ngo-1997, abacwaningi bangenise futhi balahla izinhlobo eziningana zezimpukane ze-humpback eFlorida naseTexas, enye yezindawo ezithinteke kakhulu. Futhi ekugcineni, isibalo sezimpukane sisondela ezinhlwini ezibucayi ukuze siqale ukulawula ukusebenza kwezintuthwane, kusho abaphenyi. Phambilini ezikhululwe izimpukane zihlasele ngqo i-anthill. Kepha kulo nyaka, ososayensi bahlela ukuzethula ezindaweni lapho izindlela zentuthwane zibekwe khona, futhi uma konke kuhamba ngokwecebo, izintuthwane ziba sengozini yezimpukane ku-anthill nasezindleleni zazo. "Izimpukane eziningi kakhulu lapho sizidedela, zizoba ngcono," kusho uScott Ludwig, isazi semvelo eTexas A&M University kanye nozakwabo.

I-War of Annihilation Rob Plows, umcwaningi e-University of Texas, uthe izintuthwane zomlilo zokuqala zivela e-Argentina zaya e-Mobile, e-Alabama, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1930s, mhlawumbe ngomkhumbi onomkhiqizo wezolimo, kwathi-ke ngawo-1950s. yaqala ukusakazeka eTexas. “Futhi basasakazeka,” wengeza uPlows. Ngokusho kwakhe, impi yokulwa nezintuthwane inomlando omude, kusukela ekubhujisweni kwabo ngokomzimba, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, futhi muva nje, nokulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngokusebenzisa enye yezinhlobo ze-humpback kukhombisile ukungaphumeleli, kepha lezi ezinye ezimbili zisabalale ngempumelelo ezingxenyeni ezifundazweni zase-US ezihlushwa izintuthwane, futhi kungenzeka zisabalale eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, kusho uPorter.

ENingizimu yeTexas ngonyaka ophelile, uLudwig nozakwabo bakhipha uhlobo lwePseudacteon obtusus, olubhubhisa izintuthwane, kodwa lwahluleka ukusabalala. Kulo nyaka, abacwaningi bazokhipha iR. etiusus ezindaweni ezimbili, eyodwa eningizimu yeTexas, hhayi kude nalapho ibikade ikhishwa khona. Njengoba ososayensi bethemba, ngolunye usuku okuhle izindawo zokusatshalaliswa kwazo, okuzohlinzeka ngokushaywa kwezintuthwane ezingxenyeni ezimbalwa.

Iqembu lesibili lizodedelwa e-East Texas, lapho kungasenakusetshenziswa izinhlobo zezimpukane ze-humpback. Isimo sezulu sase-East Texas sinomswakama kakhulu kunaseningizimu, okudala isimo esihle sokusinda kwama-humpbacks. Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izimpukane ze-humpback ukulwa nezintuthwane zomlilo, izindawo eziningi zokucwaninga ziyabandakanyeka ekwenziweni kwesikhunta namagciwane okungasakazwa ngamaqanda alezi mpukane. “Ngakho-ke, impi yokulwa nezintuthwane izokwenziwa ngezindlela zemvelo,” kusho uPorter.

Ezemvelo

Izintuthwane zomlilo zinolaka olukhulu, zidla ngokulangazela izilwane zasemhlabeni ezinjengezinambuzane, amasele, izinyoka, izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo. Chitha noma uchithe izilwane zasendaweni.

Zifaka usongo ezitshalweni zasendaweni ngoba zidla futhi zilimaze imbewu nezithombo. Le miphumela idala umonakalo omkhulu we-ecosystem ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Okomphakathi

Izintuthwane zomlilo zibeka engcupheni enkulu impilo yabantu ngenxa yokuluma kwabo, okubangela umuzwa wokushiswa kobuhlungu. Bajahana ukuhlasela nokugwaza kaninginingi.

Ukulimala kungabulala uma kuvela ukungezwani komzimba okunamandla (anaphylaxis). Kukhona ubungozi bokutheleleka kwesibili uma ama-vesicles noma ama-pustule aqhamuka ngenxa yokulimala kulinyaziwe.

Imisebenzi yansuku zonke, enjenge-barbecue, picnics, ezemidlalo, ayinakwenzeka ezindaweni ezinegciwane elinzima. Izilwane ezifuywayo nazo zingalunywa futhi zilimale, zibe nemiphumela engezwani nomzimba, noma ziphuphuthekiswe ngokuvezwa kobuthi.

Ezomnotho

Izinambuzane zibulala izilwane zasemapulazini nezilimo, kanti nezilwane ezisanda kuzalwa zisengozini enkulu. Izintuthwane zomlilo zibhoboza amehlo, umlomo, impumulo, okubangela ubumpumputhe, ukuvuvukala, ukuqunjelwa.

Ngena ezinqolobaneni zokudla namanzi ezilwane, unganikezeli ukudla, okuholela ekubulambeni nasekuphepheni amanzi emzimbeni. Izilimo ezilimazayo, zidla imbewu, zidlula izimpande neziqu.

Vikela izinhlobo ezithile zezinambuzane eziyingozi ezikhiqiza i- "powdery isikhutha." Ukuba khona kwalezi zinambuzane kuthinta ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo, kunomthelela ekusakazekeni kwezifo.

E-United States, izindatshana zomlilo zacekela phansi izinto ezifana nezinqubo zokunisela kanye nemishini eyonakele ngesikhathi sokuvuna.

I-Anthill - inkinga ku-lawns, amabala ezemidlalo, izifundo zegalofu. Izintuthwane zilimaza imigwaqo, izindlela, imishini kagesi ebizayo, imbi kakhulu.

Ukubukeka kwaseYurophu

I-Myrmica rubra, eyaziwa ngokuthi intuthwane yomlilo yaseYurophu noma intuthwane ebomvu evamile, ivela kulolu hlobo lwe-Myrmica. Kutholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuyangena ezingxenyeni ezithile zeNyakatho Melika, e-Asia. Inombala obomvu, ngombala omnyama ekhanda.

Ukuphila ngaphansi kwamatshe agawulwa yizihlahla enhlabathini. Okuhlasimulisayo, kuvame ukuhlasela, kepha kungakubalekeli, kungakuluma, yize kungenawo amandla wokufafaza i-formic acid, njengeFomu.

Kwenzeka esifundeni esisuka ePortugal siya e-Eastern Siberia (kuze kufike eTransbaikalia), sisuka enyakatho neGrisi siye endaweni eyihlathi-tundra enyakatho. EJapan, eNyakatho Melika, kubhekwa njengento engemnandi futhi enolaka.

Izintuthwane zingama-polygynous, zinezikhulu ezifika ezingamakhulu esidlekeni ngasinye. AmaQuens ahlangana ngemuva kwendiza yokuzalela, akha isidleke, abeke amaqanda.

Uhlobo luyi-polydomain, enezidleke eziningi ikholoni ngalinye. AmaQueen aphila iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Izindiza zomshado eYurophu zenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya maphakathi no-Agasti. Amakhulu ezinambuzane ezincane ezinamaphiko zikhuphukela emoyeni ukuze zishade.

Ngemuva kwalokho, abesilisa bafa, futhi izindlovukazi zilahla amaphiko azo ukwenza i-anthill entsha. Akundiza eNyakatho Melika, noma kunjalo kuqoshwe amaqembu abesilisa kuphela eNewfoundland, eCanada.

Okuvame kakhulu eYurophu, kuhlala ezimfundeni, ezingadini. Bazondla nge-powdery isikhutha esetshenziswa ama-aphid, izinambuzane nama-invertebrates.

Ubuthi bezintuthwane zomlilo buqondakala kahle.

Hlasela noma yisiphi isidalwa esiphazamisa isidleke saso, kepha singesihlukumezi njengentuthwane yomlilo engenisiwe. Zibuye zidle impova, into engajwayelekile ibonwa ezintuthwaneni ezifudumele.

Ubuthi Bomlilo

Izinto ezinobuthi zidlala indima ebalulekile ku-biology yezintuthwane zomlilo, ezisetshenziselwa ukubamba inyamazane, ukuvikelwa, isenzo sokulwa nezidakamizwa. Abantu abasanda kuzalwa abanayo, kodwa izisebenzi ezinonyaka owodwa ubudala zikhiqiza i-1,17 mcg / ngosuku.

Kufinyelela iminyaka engu-15 yezinsuku, inani liyancishiswa libe ngu-0,3 mcg. Ubuthi buyakhululwa bugcinwe esikhwameni. Uma isetshenziswa, iphonswa ngesiteshi esikhulu sechopho. Amandla yi-20 - 40 nl, kuya ngosayizi wesinambuzane.

Isazi semilando saseMelika uJustin O. Schmidt sambiza ngokuthi "bukhali, kungazelelwe, kukhathazeka kancane." Kukalwe "1" inkomba yezinhlungu ze-Schmidt, isikali esilinganisa ubukhulu bezinhlungu kusuka ekulimeni kwezinambuzane kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-4.

Ngaphezu kwe-95% yezakhi zobuthi zingama-alkaloids angasebenzi manzi. ISolenopsin ine-cytotootic, hemolytic, necrotic, insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-HIV. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi umthamo ojwayelekile wokubulala (i-LD 50) kumagundane abesifazane yi-0.36 mg / kg

Cishe amaprotheni angama-46 atholakele. Zithinta ngqo ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic okubonwa kubantu abawuzwayo ubuthi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zihlanganisa ama-neurotoxins nama-allergener angaba khona, akuwona wonke amaprotheni abandakanyeka ekusebenzeni ubuthi.

Amaprotheni asiza ikholoni. Abanye babulala amagciwane, okuchaza ukuthi kungani abasebenzi befafaza ubuthi bezungeze izidleke zabo. Abanye babopha ama-pheromones, asiza ekwakheni izindlela zamakhemikhali zokuxhumana nezihlobo.

Izimpawu nezimpawu

Ubuthi bezintuthwane zomlilo (> 95%) liqukethe ama-alkaloids anamafutha atholakala ku-piperidine (solenopsin) axutshwe nenani elincane lamaprotheni anobuthi. Ukuluma kwezintuthwane kubuhlungu, kubonakaliswa ngokushiswa kwasendaweni, kuhambisane ne-urticaria. Ijika ibe yishubhu, ukuqubuka, noma i-vesicle kungakapheli imizuzu engama-20.

Indawo yokuluma iyagcwala emahoreni ambalwa. Kubangela ezinye izinhlungu, ukucasuka, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokulimala kaningana endaweni efanayo.

I-bump ikhula ibe yi-pustule emhlophe emahoreni angama-24-36.Ingatheleleka ngokuhlanganisa. Udlula ngokuzenzakalelayo emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, uma esele yedwa.

Amaphasethi ayangeneki, akakhululeki ngesikhathi somsebenzi. Uma bethelelekile, bangadala ukuwohloka. Ukwakheka kwama-pustule kwenzeka cishe kuwo wonke umuntu olunywe yizintuthwane.

Imithi efana nemithi elwa namagciwane, i-diphenylhydrazines, ama-epinephrins, ama-topical steroid awathinti ukusabela okuvela pustular.

Abanye abantu bane-allergy to poison, kuze kufike ku-anaphylaxis, edinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. I-Hypersensitivity yenzeka kulabo abahlupheka ngezinkinga ezithile zezokwelapha, njengesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sikashukela.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-adrenaline kunconyiwe. Kufakazelwa ukuthi ukwakheka kwama-pustule kusuka ekuletheni ama-alkaloids anobuthi, ukungalwi komlilo ngokulimaza izintuthwane kubangelwa kuphela ngamaprotheni e-allergenic.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-neuropathy, ukwehluleka (ngaphandle kwezibonakaliso zokusabela okwedlule kwe-systemic), ukulimala kwe-cerebrovascular, nephrotic syndrome kuhlotshaniswa nobuthi bezintuthwane zomlilo.

Ukwelashwa Kwemililo Yezintuthwane

I-Adrenaline ibuyisa ngokushesha imiphumela emibi yokuphefumula kanye ne-hypotension.

Kuphakanyiswa ukusebenzisa indlela yokulondolozela ekwelapheni ukulimala ukulunywa. Ukwelashwa kususelwa kuzimpawu. Okokulimala okuncane, okunezimpawu, kufaka phakathi ama-pustule kanye nobuhlungu, imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme iyatholakala ukuvikela ukutheleleka. Izintuthwane zisuswa ngokugeza indawo ngensipho ye-antiseptic.

Izisulu ezinezimpawu ze-anaphylaxis ziphathwa ngama-antihistamines, ama-epinephrins, kanye ne-corticosteroids yabazali. Kunconywe ukuthi abantu abaphethwe yi-anaphylaxis basebenzise i-Adrenaline Autoinjector (EpiPen) lapho kufupheka ukuphefumula noma i-hypotension.

I-Immunotherapy (WBE) isetshenziselwe ukwelapha i-anaphylaxis kusukela ngo-1973. Noma ngubani osola izinsolo zokungezwani komzimba, udluliselwa kwabakwa-allergist ukuze ahlolwe. Ukwelashwa, umzimba wonke weentuthwane uyasetshenziswa, hhayi ubuthi nje.

Ngokungafani ne-immunotherapy enobuthi bezintuthwane (kwesinye isikhathi esetshenziswa), i-WBE iqukethe amaprotheni. Ukunciphisa ukuzwela, izithako zokukhishwa komthamo zilethwa kancane kancane emzimbeni. I-WBE isebenza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukusabela kwe-systemic. Akunconyelwe ezinganeni ezinokusabela okukhulu kwendawo, labo abahlala ezindaweni ezinegciwane elinzima kwenziwa okuhlukile.

Umthamo wesondlo onconyiwe uvela ku-0,5 ml 1: isisindo esingu-100 / umthamo ongu-10 wesisindo / umthamo we-WBE. Kwi-immunotherapy, umthamo ojwayelekile wokulondolozwa ngu-0.5 ml dilution 1: 200 (isisindo / ivolumu).

Esiteji sokwakha, kunconywa ukuthi unikeze umthamo ngeviki noma njalo emavikini amabili. Iziguli ezithola i-immunotherapy kudingeka ukuthi zithole ukwelashwa iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu nokwelashwa impilo yonke, yize kungekho ukuvumelana ngokuthi umuntu kufanele welashwe isikhathi esingakanani.

Izinambuzane Eziyingozi - Izintuthwane Zomlilo

Izintuthwane zomlilo (intuthwane yomlilo) Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-280 zezintuthwane zisatshalaliswa emhlabeni jikelele. Zonke zihluka ngokubukeka, ngosayizi nangendlela yokuphila. Ezinye zazo zihlala ngaphansi komhlaba, ezinye zithanda ukuhlala ezigxotsheni ezibolile, kanti ezinye zakha izingqimba ezinkulu. Zonke izintuthwane ziyingozi kwabanye, noma kunjalo, ezidume kakhulu kule ndawo yizintuthwane zomlilo.

Ukubukeka

Lezi zinambuzane zincanyana ngosayizi. Ngokuya ngezimo zangaphandle nendawo yazo yokuhlala, umzimba womthamo womlilo ungahluka kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-6 mm. Kuyathakazelisa nokuthi e-anthill ungathola izintuthwane ezinamasayizi ahlukahlukene ahlangana kahle ndawonye.

Izintuthwane zomlilo akuyona enkulu yohlobo lwazo, kepha zingenye eziyingozi kakhulu. Abantu balolu hlobo, njengezinye izinambuzane eziningi, banamabili amathathu emilenze eqinile futhi ethuthukile, iqhude elilodwa lezinsikazi, ingxenye yekhanda, isifuba ne-peritoneum. Ikhanda nomzimba wesintuthwane somlilo onsundu futhi sinesisu esimnyama kakhulu.Umbala wale ntuthwane ungacishe ube mnyama noma ube nombala obomvu, uma, ngokwesibonelo, isinambuzane sithatha isikhundla somsebenzi. Kungalezi zizathu ukuthi bangahlukaniswa kwabanye abamele lo mndeni.

Habitat

Lapho indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zintuthwane kwakuyindawo yeBrazil yanamuhla, kodwa ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi yabe isisakazekela eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika, lapho kuthiwa yayilethwa nezimpahla ezivela kubathengisi nabahambi. Namuhla, inani labo elikhulu likhona eziqhingini zaseNew Zealand naseTaiwan, kanye nase-Australia engxenyeni enkulu.

Izintuthwane zomlilo zahlasela i-scolopendra. Futhi ubuthi.

Zidlani izintuthwane zomlilo?

Amanzi awathathwa njengesithiyo ekufudukeni kwezintuthwane zomlilo. Ngakho-ke lapha ancibilikile ngisho nangaphesheya kwemifula emikhulu. Ukudla kwale zintuthwane kungukudla, izitshalo nezilwane okuvela kuzo. Ngokuyisisekelo, badla iziqu ezincane kanye namahlumela zezihlahla ezincane noma izitshalo ezine-herbaceous. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izibungu, izibungu ngisho nabathile bezilwane zasendle zingaba “inyamazane” yezintuthwane.

Kungani bayingozi kwabanye

Izintuthwane zomlilo ziluhlobo “lwesishayo” kubantu baseMelika. Kusetshenziswa isabelomali esikhulu minyaka yonke ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane, ngoba hhayi abantu kuphela, kodwa nezilwane ezifuywayo ziyahlupheka nazo.

Iqiniso ngukuthi abamele lo mndeni, ngokomqondo, abanandaba ukuthi isisulu sakusasa sinaluphi usayizi. Noma benza ibhizinisi labo, bangahlangana eqenjini elikhulu ngemizuzwana bese behlasela isilwane. Lapho esegijimele ngemilenze yakhe, ngosizo lwezinto zomlomo, izintuthwane, zigaya esikhunjeni sesisulu, zifake umuthi wazo ngokufaka ubuthi.

Izintuthwane zomlilo ziluma ingane. Kuncane kubazali, ngoba lokhu kungaphela ngokudabukisayo. Ikakhulu ezinganeni. Uma kufakwe ubuthi obanele, lesi silwane sizofa kungakapheli amahora ambalwa, uma kungenjalo, ukulunywa emzimbeni waso kusazolimala isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Umuntu futhi kufanele azinakekele lezi zinambuzane. Ngokwanda, izintuthwane zomlilo zikhetha izindlu zokuhlala njengendawo yazo yokuhlala. Azihlinzeli izidleke zazo hhayi ngemigqomo kadoti kuphela, kodwa nasezisetshenziswa zasendlini, ngokwesibonelo, ezindlini zomoya.

Kaningi, izintuthwane zomlilo zithanda ukuhlaliswa ngabantu impilo yabo uqobo kunemvelo. Bangakwazi ukuhlasela umuntu, bavikele i-anthill yabo. Ngokwezibalo, cishe babalelwa ku-30 ​​abantu abafayo minyaka yonke ngenxa yokulimala izintuthwane zomlilo.

Kepha iningi labo bonke abantu lihlushwa yizinambuzane ezincane - izintuthwane zomlilo iSolenopsis invicta. Lezi zintuthwane zithole igama lazo lesidlaliso elithi “umlilo” ngenxa yokualuma, okushisa ngokweqiniso futhi kungapholi isikhathi eside. Ngabona ngokugcwele ukulunywa yilezi zidalwa ezimbi lapho ngifika eHouston. Ngasekuqaleni kokuhlala kwami, ngandlela thile ngayibona ekilabhini yezokuzilibazisa indawo ebiyelwe yendlela yomgwaqo futhi kunophawu olubhalwe ukuthi: "Qaphile! Izintuthwane zomlilo! ". Umangele, wedlula, futhi ikakhulukazi akazange unamathisele noma yikuphi ukubaluleka kulokhu. Kepha kungekudala nje ngemuva kwegceke lakhe, eqala ukulwa nokulwa nokhula, akazange aqaphele i-anthillill encane kothango uqobo, futhi walunywa kaningana emlenzeni ngenhla kwethanga lakhe. Empeleni anginakho konke ukulunywa yimiyane yethu yasenyakatho, kodwa engikutholile ezintuthwaneni zomlilo kwakukubi! Umlenze wami awuzange nje ube mfushane, uvuvukale, ukuvuvukala bekungabekezeleleki. Ngemuva kwalokho kwaqhuma amablawuza, njengokuvela kokushiswa, ukuguguleka kwesilonda, konke kwaphola cishe amasonto amabili, yize ngithinte izindlela ezahlukahlukene, futhi amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ahlala ngaphezu kwenyanga. Lezi zintuthwane ziyajabulisa, zisheshe zangihlasela “echibini lomphakathi elisendaweni yakithi. Ngokusobala enganakile lapho ehleli phezu kombhede welanga, ukulunywa kwawa esifubeni sakhe. Uvuvukale, uvuthiwe, izinga lokushisa kwami ​​laze lakhuphuka, okwenzeka kimi kuyaqabukela. Kwazwisa isikhathi eside impela. Kepha, ngokusobala, ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, ngathola ukungaziphathi kokulunywa yilezi zintuthwane “ezingenakunqotshwa,” zingishaya njalo, ikakhulukazi ezandleni nasezinyaweni.Manje ngibekezelela konke kulula kakhulu. Ukulunywa akunakugwenywa ngoba akhona endaweni eyodwa noma kwenye, futhi otshanini ophambi kwendlu, engadini, eduze kwezihlahla. Lapho nje izintuthwane zingihlasela, into yokuqala engiyenzayo ngikuthela amanzi ezindaweni zokuzithela, bese ngizigcoba ngosawoti ngokushesha. Okungenani akukho ukulunywa okungathi sína, kepha iziqubu zisabonakala ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa. Ngibashisa nge-iodine, ngibafake ukhilimu ngamafutha esihlahla setiye, kepha abadluli esikhathini esingaphansi kwesonto. Lolu uhlobo oluthile lwenkinga! Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi asilwi nezintuthwane, asigcini ubuthi? Kepha bavele bafafaza ubuthi obukhethekile (obuthengiswa ezitolo ze-Hardware) endaweni eyodwa, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa i-anthill ivela kwenye. Futhi manje sanquma ukuzama ukushisa i-anthill, sibaphuzisa kancane ngophethiloli. NgoMgqibelo, ngemuva kokutshalwa kotshani okulandelayo egcekeni elingasemuva nendawo engama-250 metres, ama-anthillim angama-6 asayizi ahlukene, ukusuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-70 cm ububanzi.

Hlobo luni "lwesilo" lolu?

Izintuthwane zomlilo, isimangalo seSolenopsis, kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa nangokuthi zibomvu, zincane kakhulu kunezintuthwane zehlathi lethu, ubukhulu bazo bungu-2-3 mm, kepha kukhona futhi kuze kufike ku-6 mm. E-USA babizwa nangokuthi “izintuthwane zomlilo ezibomvu ezingeniswe ngaphakathi” - Izintuthwane zomlilo ezibomvu ezingenisiwe noma iRIFA ngamafuphi. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ziyehluka ngombala we-brown-brown wekhanda nomzimba nesisu esimnyama. Izintuthwane ezisebenzayo cishe zimnyama zibomvu ngombala. Izintaba, ngokuvamile ezingezinkulu kakhulu, zakha kusuka emhlabathini, emasimini, ezingadini, eceleni kwemigwaqo kanye nasemigwaqweni eseceleni kwendlela, eduze kwesiqu semithi. Kusukela ohlangothini, i-anthill enjalo ibukeka njengesixha esingenangozi somhlaba omnyama, kepha zama ukusithinta - bazonamathela ngaso sonke isikhathi ezingalweni nasemilenzeni yakho. Izwe lakubo yiBrazil, kepha ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 balethwa e-United States ngomkhumbi wezimpahla ngetheku le-mobile e-Alabama, futhi lasakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu kuzo zonke izifundazwe eziseningizimu ukusuka eTexas kuye eNorth Carolina. Ziyakwazi ukuzimela kakhulu, zizalela ngokushesha futhi ziba nezimpande kalula kuzo zonke izindawo, ngaphandle kwezindawo eziphakemeyo, ugwadule olomile, izindawo ezibandayo ezinamaqhwa amade. Kancane kancane bangeniswa kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba wethu. Isibonelo, ngo-2004 eHong Kong kwaba nokuhlaselwa kwangempela kwezintuthwane ezibomvu, yize ngaphambili lokho kwakungakaze kubonane lapha. Futhi manje izintuthwane zomlilo zihlala eNew Zealand, Australia, eningizimu yeChina naseTaiwan. Izintuthwane zomlilo zichitha amaqanda eengwenya nezimfudu zasolwandle, kanye nenqwaba yezinyoni ezidla phansi emhlabathini. Lapho ziqondisisa kahle amapulazi nezakhiwo, izintuthwane zomlilo ezibomvu ziyakwazi ukonakalisa izithelo ezivunwe futhi okusanhlamvu, zidle zombili, kungahlasela futhi zilume ukubulala amachwane ezinyoni ezahlukahlukene zasepulazini kanye namathole asanda kuzalwa. Izilwane ezindala eziboshwe ezitayeleni zingalahlekelwa umbono wazo uma izintuthwane zihlasela futhi zilume amehlo azo. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi abantu bahlushwa ukulunywa yizifo, e-United States bangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-30 abantu abathintwe ukulunywa okuqinile, balaliswa esibhedlela unyaka nonyaka. Kodwa-ke, ukulunywa yizintuthwane akulona olubi kakhulu. Okuxakile ngokwanele, lezi zidalwa ezincane zizithanda kakhulu izintambo zikagesi, futhi zivame ukuhlela izidleke zazo ngaphakathi kwama-air conditioners namakhompyutha, kumalambu omgwaqo namadivayisi ahlukahlukene wokukhanyisa, ngocingo lomphakathi, amamitha wegesi namanye amadivaysi obuchwepheshe lapho abangela khona ukujikeleza okufushane, izintambo ngokuphelele okokusebenza ngaphandle kokuhleleka nokwakha usongo lwangempela lomlilo omkhulu. Izintuthwane zomlilo zizala ngejubane elikhulu kakhulu: kuze kufike ezinkulwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-250 ezisebenza ngaphansi koloni. Ukuphindiselwa ekhaya kuyaqhubeka ngendlela ejwayelekile: izinsikazi ezinamaphiko ziyahlakazeka ngemuva kokukhulelwa zifuna izindawo ezilungele ukudala amakoloni amasha. Iningi labesifazane nabesifazane, abahlala ezindaweni ezingathembekile, bayafa, kodwa abanye bayasinda ukuze abasunguli bezidleke zesikhathi esizayo baqale ukundiza kubo futhi ngesikhathi esifanele.Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yo-1970, kwavela uhlobo olusha lwezintuthwane zomlilo e-USA "isithembu", okungefani nesilo elijwayelekile lesikhumba esisodwa, ngaphandle kwesiqalo sowesifazane esisodwa esizalela amaqanda ("indlovukazi"), kepha ambalwa. Lokhu kufaka isandla ekusakazweni kwezinhlobo okusheshayo. Ubuningi bamakholoni wezintuthwane zomlilo zesithembu liphakeme izikhathi eziyishumi kunohlobo lwefomu eyingqayizivele. Izintuthwane zomlilo ezibomvu zesithembu zinolaka olukhulu kunezintuthwane ezikhohlisayo, futhi ngempumelelo enkulu zixosha zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezintuthwane endaweni yazo. Azikho izindlela zamakhemikhali zokulawula lezi zinambuzane eziphumelele kuze kube manje. I-United States ichitha imali engama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,7 ngonyaka ukuqothula izinambuzane. UMnyango wezoLimo udale ngisho neyunithi ekhethekile yokulwa nezintuthwane zomlilo (Izingulule Imililo Yezintuthwane Nezindlu - - IFAHI). Manje sebeqala ukwakha uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-biopesticide. Ngo-1989, izazi zemilingo ezazenza ucwaningo eSouth America zathola “iqhawe” elincane elinamaphiko elingamelana nomhlaseli. Sikhuluma ngezimpukane ze-humpback (Phoridae). Bahlasela izintuthwane futhi babeke amaqanda ngaphansi "kwesikhumba" sabo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, izibungu zizalwa emaqanda zikhiphe i-enzyme ebulala intuthwane. Ngemuva kwalokho, impukane iyaqhubeka nokukhula, isebenzisa ikhanda lesinambuzane njengendawo ephephile. Mhlawumbe ngosizo lwabo kuzokwazi ukunqoba isimangalo "esingenakunqotshwa" seSolenopsis. Amathegi: Izilwane zaseMelika ziyingozi izinambuzane ziluma

Kuze kube manje, "izintuthwane ezibulala," eziyingozi kubantu, zikhona, kepha azikho eziningi kakhulu. Njengoba besho, ukwesaba kunamehlo amakhulu. Izinganekwane ezethusayo zezintuthwane zomlilo ziye zathola isimo sezinganekwane kumuntu othanda ukonakalisa izinzwa zakhe, zilele embhedeni.

Kusekhona iqiniso kwezinye izindaba lezi. Izintuthwane eziyingozi zikhona emhlabeni wethu, kepha zinegama elihluke ngokuphelele. Izazi zebhayoloji ngolimi lwazo lwesayensi zaqala ukubabiza ngokuthi “izintuthwane zomlilo” ngekhono labo lokulimaza ukuluma okulimazayo.

Amanye amaphuzu avela endabeni

Ekuqaleni, lezi zinambuzane eziyingozi zazihlala eBrazil, kubhekwa njengezwe lakubo. Ngo-1900, lapho ukuhweba izinkomo kuqala ukuthuthuka, abangeneleli abayingozi bazinza e-United States. Le “mpahla” ebukhoma enezinambuzane eziyingozi yayikumikhumbi yabathengisi, eyayiyiswa olwandle endaweni entsha.

Izintuthwane zomlilo ngokushesha zaqala ukwanda ngamanani angenakubalwa. Kwakungekho zitha zemvelo, isimo sezulu sasifanelekile ukuzizwa sikhululekile - kwakuyimpumelelo enhle yezinambuzane ezilimazayo, kwakuyisono ukungayisebenzisi. Izintuthwane zathuthelekela eCalifornia, zithatha izindawo ezengeziwe.

Uma ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 izintuthwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni zazinqunyelwe kuphela endaweni yaseNingizimu Melika, manje seziseMexico, engxenyeni eseningizimu yeMelika, eziqhingini zaseCaribbean. Indawo yokuhlala kwezintuthwane zomlilo yaba amazwe ase-Australia, iMalaysia, Philippines ne China.

Izidalwa zomlilo zahlasela abalimi, izilwane zasendle nezasekhaya. Bavimbezela umhlaba wezolimo nezakhiwo, bacekela phansi amasheya okusanhlamvu. Bakha izindatshana zabo emikhondweni lapho kufanele abaphengululi bangene. Konke lokhu kwehlisa isithombe samazwe ongxowankulu.

I-Red Fire Ant: Incazelo

Bangobani abanjengezi "monsters" ezincane ezibukeka kanjena? Ukubukeka kufana nentuthwane ejwayelekile, umehluko phakathi kwabo unombala kuphela. Izintuthwane zomlilo, ezinezithombe eziphambi kwakho, zinombala obomvu, yingakho igama lazo zavela. Baphinde bakhiphe negama labo emandleni okushisa ngesikhathi sokuluma.

Lezi izinambuzane ezincane. Ukuphakama komzimba kuncike ezimweni zokuphila zangaphandle futhi ngu-2-6 mm. Umzimba uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: ikhanda, isifuba, isisu.

Ikhanda nesifuba kulula kakhulu kunesisu. Njengamanye amalungu alo mndeni, abahlaseli bomlilo abomvu banemilenze eyisithupha eqinile.

ULerva. 3. UPupa.

4.Isinambuzane esidala.

Izibungu zifana nesilwane esingenakusizwa esifana nesibungu. Akakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela futhi adle. Inikelwa ngabantu abasebenzayo kuze kube yilapho izibungu, sezidlule emikhakheni ethile yokuncibilika, zithola isisindo esidingekayo ukuze ziphenduke i-chrysalis.

Ngosuku lokugcina ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke inguquko, izibungu ziyeka ukudla bese zikhipha amathumbu. Izisebenzi zinakekela ama-chrysalis, futhi zibasize ukushiya ikhukhunathi ngesikhathi esifanele.

Indlela yokuphila yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu

Izintuthwane zithathwa njengezinambuzane ezingadala ukumangala okukhulu. Ungaqala ngeqiniso lokuthi lezi zidalwa ezingenawo umqondo othuthukile, lapho zivikela umndeni futhi zithola ukudla, zenza ngendlela ecacile nangendlela ehlelekile. Bamangala nangokuma komphakathi wabo. Izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu, izintuthwane zomlilo, zihlala kuyi-anthill eyakhelwe zona, futhi ukuzala kwazo kwenzeka lapho. Abantu abazala kabusha banekhono lokuzala ngokuzalwa, ngokuzala kokukhishwa kwabasebenzi abangasebenzi kahle. Impilo yendlovukazi inika inzalo eminingana (cishe ikota yezintuthwane eziyisigidi).

Ukudla kwalezi zintuthwane kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane, akuhlukanisi phakathi kwaso futhi kudla zombili lezi zinhlobo ngobumnandi. Ngokuyinhloko, izinambuzane ezinomlutha zidla amahlumela ezitshalo zotshani, amahlumela wezihlahla ezincane. Ukudla kufaka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane, izibungu, izibungu. Izicubu zomlilo zivame ukuhlasela ngisho namagundane, amasele nezinyoka, ungazinaki izidumbu zezilwane ezinkulu.

Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa isisulu, izintuthwane zigibela iqulu lemilenze emzimbeni wakhe. Bagebha esikhunjeni ngempahla yomlomo bese bejova ukugwazwa. Ngakho-ke umthamo omkhulu wobuthi, onobuthi, ungena emzimbeni wesilwane. Esizeni sokulunywa, isikhumba siqala ukushisa ngamandla, kube nemizwa ebuhlungu engabekezeleleki.

Isakhiwo Somndeni Somlilo

Umndeni wezintuthwane ngumphakathi ohlelekile. Siqukethe: 1. Brood.

2. Abantu abadala.

3. Izintokazi ezingavundile (izisebenzi).

Umndeni wezintuthwane ungaba nabantu abaningana abambalwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ukhula ube yizingqimba zangempela, ezihlanganisa izigidi zabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinkulu. Imindeni emikhulu iningi labesifazane abangenazintambo lapho abesifazane bokwakhiwa, amasosha namanye amaqembu ahlukahlukene enziwa khona.

Cishe kuyo yonke imindeni kukhona abesilisa nabesilisa, kwesinye isikhathi abesifazane besifazane abaningana, abanegama elihle kakhulu - indlovukazi, indlovukazi. Izintuthwane zomlilo zisebenza wonke, ngakho-ke umndeni ubizwa ngokuthi yi-super - organism. Ukufana okunje nomphakathi wabantu njengokwehlukaniswa kwabasebenzi, ukuzibandakanya kwabo ezimeni ezinzima nobudlelwano phakathi kwamalungu omndeni kade kudonse ukunaka kososayensi.

Umthombo wezintuthwane zomlilo

Izintuthwane zihlala nemindeni yazo ezidlekeni ezibonisa izindunduma zobumba futhi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-anthill. Izinambuzane zakha lo mthombo enhlabathini, ngaphansi kwetshe noma ngokhuni. Abanye abantu basebenzisa izinhlayiya ezincane zezitshalo ukwakha igquma.

Kubekwa imigudu phakathi kwezidleke zezintuthwane zomlilo, lapho zidlula ngokukhululeka ziqonde khona. Ukucinga ukudla bangazulazula isikhathi eside, imvamisa phakathi nalolo hambo, imihlangano nabamele enye ikoloni yenzeka. Ngesikhathi sokuhlangana okunjalo okungafuneki, ukulwa okuqala kuqala phakathi kwama-goosebumps amabutho.

Ukuma endaweni yokumisa, lapho kutholakala khona izintuthwane zomlilo, akuphephile kumuntu onemiphumela engejwayelekile. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izintuthwane azinakho ukubukeka okwesabisayo nje, ukuhlaselwa kwazo kungaholela ezinqubweni ezingenakuphikiswa emzimbeni wesidalwa esiphilayo.

Ingozi ebangwa yintuthwane yomlilo

Lama-goosebumps amancane akwazi ukubulala izinyamazane, adala umonakalo omkhulu ezinyoni nasezifuyeni, abulala izintuthwane ezibuthakathaka. Kungashiwo ukuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo ziyethusa yilezi zinambuzane futhi ziyazibalekela.Abantu abathandi "izilo" ezincane ezincanyana ngokwamandla abo okubhubhisa wonke amasheya wokudla. Ezindlini ezihlala emadolobheni, izintuthwane zihlomisa isidleke sazo ezintweni zikagesi, okuholela ekutheni kuvalwe okokugcina, futhi ezimweni ezingandile - ngomlilo.

Enye imbangela yengozi enkulu yalolu hlobo lwezintuthwane kubantu ilele kubuthi obunobuthi obunabo. Izibalo ziyaqinisekisa ukuthi ukulunywa yizintuthwane zomlilo kugcina ngokufa kwabantu abacishe babe ngama-30- 35 ngonyaka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuthi bunomphumela we-neurotoxic necrotic futhi uqukethe i-alkaloid solenopsin.

Intuthwane yomlilo eRussia

E-Russia, "abadayisi" basezindaweni ezishisayo baqabile kakhulu. Izimo zezulu ezinzima zelizwe azilungele bona. Kodwa kwesinye isibhedlela saseMoscow, izintuthwane zomlilo zatholakala kanye. Ngokuyisisekelo, yize zitholakala lezi zinambuzane, lezi yizindawo ezincane ezihlala eduze kwabantu ezindaweni ezifudumele.

Izintuthwane ezibomvu nezibomvu zihlala eRussia.

Yize zibizwa zivutha amalangabi, azinalo ulaka njengabalingani bazo basezindaweni ezishisayo. Lezi zidleke zezinambuzane - ama-anthill ayahlomisa emahlathini acijile nanamandla. Ama-Goosebumps alezi zinhlobo abhubhisa izinambuzane eziyingozi, ezithathwa njengezibalulekile kubantu.

Izintuthwane zomlilo (izintuthwane zomlilo) ziye zathola idumela njengezinambuzane eziyingozi. Ngani? Okokuqala, izinhlobo eziningana zezintuthwane ezigwazayo ziyavela ngaphansi kwaleli gama, kepha ikakhulukazi zisho izintuthwane zomlilo ezibomvu zohlobo lwe-Solenopsis invicta. Lolu uhlobo oluhlaselayo olwasakazeka emhlabeni wonke; lwagcina ngengozi eMelika. Izintuthwane zavela lapho ngaphambi nje kweMpi Yezwe II, futhi zasakazeka ngokushesha eningizimu yezwe, zisuka eFlorida zaya eTexas. Imbewu, izithelo, amaqabunga, izimpande, amagxolo, umpe, ujusi, amakhowe, izinambuzane, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni kanye ne-carrion - konke lokhu kungukudla kwale zintuthwane. Abantu nezilwane bahlupheka ngabo, bagwaza ngokushesha nangobuhlungu, ngakho-ke lezi zintuthwane ziyingozi. Ukulunywa intuthwane yomlilo injengokushiswa komlilo, yingakho yaqamba leli gama. Impela ubuthi bentuthwane yomlilo bungasibulala isilwane esikhulu esingenamsoco. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahle kakhulu. Ngobusuku obubodwa, lezi zicucu zikwazi ukushiya skeleton esisodwa kuhlasela. Lolu hlobo lungahlukaniswa kwezinye izintuthwane ngekhanda elinombala onsundu kanye nomzimba onesisu esimnyama. Izintuthwane ezisebenzayo zimnyama futhi zibomvu; ubukhulu bazo buhlukahluka kusuka ku-2 mm kuya ku-6 mm. Esidlekeni esisodwa kunabantu bazo zonke izinhlobo zobukhulu.

Uma ubhekisisa izintuthwane zomlilo, emhlabeni wazo, uzoqonda ukuthi lezi zidalwa ziyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani. Akhiwe kahle, aziphathe kahle, anomphakathi wezintuthwane ongaziwa kakhulu, ogxile endleleni yawo yokuphila.

I-colony ejwayelekile yezintuthwane zomlilo zakha izindunduma ezinkulu ngaphezu komhlaba ezindaweni ezivulekile. Lezi izindunduma zingafinyelela ubude obu-40 cm, kanye nokujula okufika ku-1.5 m. Ngokuvamile kuhlasela izilwane ezincane, futhi kungazibulala.

Ngokungafani nezinye izidalwa eziningi eziluma bese zifaka i-acid enxebeni, ingozi yezintuthwane zomlilo ukuthi ifaka ubuthi obunobuthi obubizwa ngokuthi yi-solenopsis (ikhemikhali elivela esigabeni se-piperidine) ngokushesha. Ngemuva kokulunywa yizintuthwane zomlilo, ifomu lamunxeba elibuhlungu. Kubantu abanozwela futhi bathambekele ekuthini baphendule igciwane, ukulunywa kungabulala.

Izintuthwane zomlilo zinolaka kakhulu kunezinhlobo eziningi zomdabu futhi sezivele zigcwala izilwane eziningi ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala. Lezi zintuthwane zidume ngekhono lazo lokuphila ezimeni ezinzima ngokweqile. Azizifihli futhi zingamelana nokubanda kuze kufike ku- -9 ° C, yize zivela eSouth America.