IsiMalay Tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni) itholakala kuphela engxenyeni eseningizimu (iMalaysian) yeNhlonhlo iMalacca. Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kwahlukaniswa kuphela ngonyaka we-2004 (phambilini inani labantu lalithathwa njengelingelombala we-Indochinese) ngenkathi kwenziwa ucwaningo olwenziwe yiqembu lososayensi baseMelika eliholwa uStephen O'Brien. Isizathu esinqumayo kwaba ukwahlukahluka kofuzo okutholakala phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisile ukuba khona kwamahlosi angama-500-600 abantu kulokhu okubhalwe emvelweni, okuwenza ube ngowesithathu ngobukhulu phakathi kwezinye izingqangi.

IMalawi Tiger yiyona encane kunazo zonke ezingaphansi kwezingulule. Umbala nemivimbo yayo ifana kakhulu nehlosi lase-Indochinese, nokho, ngosayizi wayo, isondele kakhulu nehlosi leSumatran: izinsikazi zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-120, izinsikazi zinesisindo esingama-100 kg, ubude bomzimba besilisa bufika ku-237 cm, kanti izinsikazi zifinyelela kuma-200 cm.

Ukudla okunempilo kanye nokuziphatha komphakathi

Amahlosi esiMalay bazingela izinyamazane zama-zambars, izinyamazane ezikhonkotha, izingulube zasendle nokunye okungathandeki, bahlasela namabhere aseMalay, amawundlovu endlovu nobhejane. Mhlawumbe i-tapir emnyama nayo ifakiwe ekudleni kwalesi sihlobo se-tiger, kepha inyamazane enjalo cishe iyivelakancane. Abesilisa bavame ukuba sendaweni efinyelela ku-100 km², lapho kuvame khona ukuba kufika kwabesifazane abayi-6.

Ezinye izici zokwakheka komzimba

AmaMalger tiger anesisindo esisuka ku-100 kuye ku-120 kilos. Ubude bomzimba wakhe kanye nomsila wakhe kufinyelela kumamitha angama-2,4. Endle, “amakati amakhulu” ahlala iminyaka eyi-15 kuye kwangama-25. Bahlala emasimini anotshani obuphakathi, amahlathi kanye namahlathi ezolimo ashiywe. Njengomthetho, izindawo ezinenombolo encane yabantu zikhethiwe.

Indlela yokuphila

I-Malay tiger - isilo sobusuku nobumnyama. Umbono wakhe ngalesi sikhathi ubukhali kakhulu ukwedlula ngesikhathi sosuku. Ososayensi bathi amehlo wesilwane abona kangcono amahlandla ama-6 kunamehlo abantu. Lokhu kuvumela "ikati elikhulu" ukubona kalula inyamazane.

Umhlaseli ufunela isisulu isikhathi eside, ecubungula amanye amaqhinga okuziphatha. Isisulu esingaboni ngaso linye siqanjelwa maduze, bese sihlaselwa sivela ngemuva. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuzingela okunjalo kuyaphumelela.

Ihlosi liyabubula impela futhi ngokushesha liqala ukudla. Angadla ama-18 kg wenyama esihlalweni esisodwa. Izingulube zasendle nezinkunzi, amabhere nemfuyo zivame ukumenzela ukudla.

AmaMalger tiger athanda ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini. Lokhu ukubhukuda okukhulu! Amachibi - lokhu kungukusindiswa kwangempela kwesilwane kusuka ekushiseni nasekupukeni okucasulayo.

Phakathi kwezihlobo, isilo sizama ukudlulisa imizwa yaso ngokunyakaza komzimba. Uma isilwane sithukuthele, khona-ke izindlebe zaso ziqonde, umsila uyahlukumezeka uqonde, futhi amaphini awo aveziwe.

Ingwe yaseMalayya endaweni yayo

Ezimweni eziningi, abamele le zinhlobo bangashadi empilweni. Owesifazane kuphela onikela isikhathi esiningi enzalweni yakhe. Lokhu kumthatha impilo yakhe yonke.

I-Mala tiger ingumnikazi omkhulu. Abesilisa nabesifazane bamaka amasayithi abo ngezimfihlo zezindlala futhi enze imihuzuko ngeziqu zezihlahla. Ngamathegi, unganquma ubulili besilwane, ubudala nempilo yomzimba. Abahambi abavunyelwe izilwane endaweni yabo. Okuhlukile kungabesifazane ngesikhathi se-estrus.

Ukuzalwa kabusha kwesilo

I-tiger yaseMalay yona iza endaweni yabesifazane. Ngaphambi kwemidlalo yokuncanyana, i-tigress igobhoza phansi isikhathi eside futhi ayivumi owesilisa. Simlinda ngesineke ukuthi ahlebe ngokwanele futhi amkhulule.

Izilwane zitholana izinsuku eziningana zilandelana. Kodwa ngaphandle kowesilisa oyedwa, i-tigress ingashada esikhathini esifanayo nabanye. Ngenxa yalokhu, insikazi ingahle ibe namathole ezinsukeni ezihlukene.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi owesilisa akayizwa imizwa kababa maqondana namakati. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-tigress ivikela inzalo kowesilisa, ngoba iyakwazi ukubulala amawundlu amahlosi ukuze iphinde ithambise umlingani emidlalweni yokuphelisa.

Amahlaya esiMalay. Incazelo yenzalo

Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-103. Okokuzalwa kwengane, i-tigress ikhetha indawo eseqisini - amathikithi aminyene noma umhume. Kwilitha elilodwa kuvame ukuthi kube namazinyane ayi-2-3.

Bazalwa beyisithulu futhi bengaboni, benesisindo esisuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-1,2 kilos. Emavikini lamabili ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamathole ayakwazi ukudla okuqinile. Kepha ukuzingela kwangempela kubalindele ezinyangeni eziyi-17-18.

Amawundlu asebe nonina iminyaka emithathu. Ngemuva kwalokho bashiya insimu yalo ukuze bazimele. Abesifazane bashiya umama we-tigress kungekudala kakhulu kunabesilisa.

Abantu nesilo sasendle

Kuwo wonke umlando, umuntu wayezingela ihlosi. Ukwenza isibonelo, kunenganekwane mayelana nokuthi u-Alexander the Great waya kanjani emazweni angaziwa futhi ngosizo lwamadada anqoba isilo sasendle.

IKorea yasendulo yaqeqesha abantu ngokukhethekile ekuzingeleni kwamahlosi. Kwabelwa yonke inkambiso kulokhu: ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ukuthula kufanele kugcinwe. Kolo hambo olunjalo, benza ijakhethi evela ku-canvas eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi benza umqhele wombala ofanayo, bahlotshiswe ngobuhlalu obuningi.

Izikebhe zokuphepha zazibunjiwe ngokhuni lwabazingeli. Ngaphambi komkhankaso, la madoda aphiwa inyama yenyathi. Abantu abanjalo babeligugu eKorea. Baze bavunyelwa nokuthi bangayikhokhi intela yombuso.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 nele-20, ukuzingela "ikati elikhulu" kwakudlangile phakathi kwamakoloni amaNgisi. Bebanesifiso nehlosi laseMalay. "EsiNgisini" ukuzingela okunjalo kwahlelwa - ababambiqhaza bamasha ezindlovu noma eGaura.

Abahambi babesebenzisa izimbuzi noma izinqama ukuze bancenge ihlosi. Kwesinye isikhathi, abazingeli bashaya kakhulu imigqomo ukukhipha isilwane ehlathini eliminyene. Kumahlosi abulewe, kwenziwa izilwane ezigcotshwe ezihlobisa amakhaya ama-aristocrats isikhathi eside.

Futhi, isikhumba sesilo sasisebenza njengezinto zokwakha izikhumbuzo nezinto zokuhlobisa. Amathambo weTiger kuthiwa anezici zemilingo, futhi asadingeka ezimakethe ezimnyama zase-Asia.

Ukuzingela "ikati elikhulu" okwamanje akuvunyelwe, kepha ukuzingela kuyaqhubeka ezindaweni eziningi. Amahlosi amaMalay nawo awafani ekuziphatheni okunokuthula.

Abanye babo baphanga ngemfuyo. Amacala we-cannibalism ayaziwa. Ngo-2001-2003, kwafa abantu abangama-41 ngenxa yokuhlatshwa yisihlakala seMalay emahlathini aseBangladesh.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: IMalay Tiger

Indawo yokuhlala kwesihlosi saseMalay yingxenye peninsular yaseMalaysia (Kuala Terengganu, Pahang, Perak and Kelantan) kanye nezindawo eziseningizimu yeThailand. Amahlosi amaningi ayizinhlobo zase-Asia. Emuva ngo-2003, le mikhakha yabhekwa njengehlosi lase-Indochinese. Kepha ngonyaka we-2004 inani labelwa ezinkulumweni ezihlukile - uPanthera tigris jacksoni.

Ngaphambi kwalokhu, iqembu lososayensi baseMelika abavela kuNational Cancer Institute lenza izifundo eziningi kanye nokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo, lapho ukuhlaziya kwe-DNA kwembula umehluko kuhlobo lwezinhlobo ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukuvumela ukuthi kubhekwe njengezinhlobo ezihlukile.

Ividiyo: IsiMalay Tiger

Abantu basenyakatho neMalaysia bahlangana neThailand eseningizimu. Emahlathini amancane nasezindaweni zezolimo ezilahliwe, izilwane zitholakala ngamaqembu, ngaphansi kwesibalo esincane futhi kude nemigwaqo emikhulu. ESingapore, amahlosi okugcina eMalawi aqothulwa ngeminyaka yama-1950s.

Ngokokulinganisa kwakamuva, abekho abantu abangaphezulu kuka-500 balolu hlobo abasala bemvelo. Lokhu kumphakamisela ezingeni lesithathu lezinamba phakathi kwazo zonke izinkampani ezingaphansi. Umbala weqhubu leMalay lifana kakhulu ne-Indochinese, futhi ngosayizi osondele kuSumatran.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Ezinye izinganekwane zithi ihlosi eline-saber lalingukhokho wazo zonke izinhlobo zalaba bantu abazingelayo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunjalo. Ngokuqondene nomndeni wekati, le nhlobo ibhekwa njengekati eli-saber kunokuba ihlosi.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Isithombe: Animal Mala Tiger

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlobo, ihlosi laseMalay linosayizi omncane:

• Abesilisa bafika ku-237 cm ubude (ngomsila),
• Abesifazane - 203 cm
• Isisindo sabesilisa singaphakathi kwamakhilogremu ayi-120,
• Abesifazane abanasisindo esingaphezu kwe-100 kg,
• Ukuphakama ekushwabeni kusukela ku-60-100 cm.

Umzimba we-Malager tiger uvumelana nezimo futhi unomusa, umsila umude. Inhloko enkulu esindayo enensimbi enkulu yobuso. Ngaphansi kwezindlebe eziyindilinga kukhona imicu ebusayo. Amehlo amakhulu anabafundi abayindilinga babona konke ngesithombe sombala. Wakheke kahle umbono wasebusuku. AmaVibrissas amhlophe, nokunwebeka, akhiwe emigqeni engu-4-5.

Zinamazinyo angama-30 anamandla emilonyeni yazo, ubuhlalu bude kakhulu emndenini. Banomthelela ekubambeni ngokuqinile entanyeni yohlukunyezwa, okuvumela ukuba aklanywe aze ayeke ukukhombisa izimpawu zokuphila. Ama-canines makhulu futhi agobile, kwesinye isikhathi ubude bamazinyo aphezulu afinyelela ku-90 mm.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngenxa yolimi olude nolushukumisayo olunamashubhu abukhali ambozwe ngokuphelele nge-epithelium eyenziwe lukhuni, ihlosi laseMalawi lihlikihla esikhunjeni somzimba wesisulu nenyama emathanjeni ayo ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Kunezinzwane ezinhlanu ezibukweni eziqinile nezibanzi, ezi-4 emilenzeni yangemuva ezinezintambo ezibuyeke ngokuphelele. Emilenzeni nasemhlane, izinwele ziminyene futhi zimfishane, esiswini zinde futhi zibushelelezi. Umzimba wombala we-orange-orange uwele imigwaqo emnyama edlulayo. Kukhona amabala amhlophe azungeze amehlo, ezihlathini nasiseduze kwempumulo. Isisu ne-chin nazo kumhlophe.

Amahlosi amaningi anemivimbo engaphezu kwe-100 ku-torso yawo. Ngokwesilinganiso, kunemivimbo engu-10 eshintshanayo emsileni. Kodwa futhi zivela ngo-8-11. Isisekelo somsila kwesinye isikhathi asihlanganisiwe ngamasongo aqinile. Ithiphu emsileni ihlala imnyama. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemichilo ukufihla lapho uzingela. Ngiyabonga, ihlosi lingafihla emathangeni isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuqashelwa.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Isilwane ngasinye sinohlobo lwaso lwemishayo olwahlukile, ukuze bahlukaniswe. Isikhumba samahlosi naso sinezintambo. Uma usika izilwane, uboya obumnyama buzokhula ngemivimbo emnyama, iphethini izolulama futhi ifane neyasekuqaleni.

Ihlala kuphi ihlosi laseMalay?

Photo: I-Mala Tiger Red Book

Ama-tiger aseMalay athanda amagquma anezintaba futhi ahlala emahlathini, esivame ukutholakala emingceleni phakathi kwamazwe. Azulazula kahle emahlathini angenakufinyeleleka futhi abhekana kalula nezingqinamba zamanzi. Bayakwazi ukugxumela amabanga afinyelela kumamitha ayi-10. Gibela izihlahla kahle, kepha zenze ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Hlomisa amakhaya abo:

• emifantwini yamatshe
• ngaphansi kwezihlahla
• emihumeni emincane bakhonkotha umhlabathi ngotshani obomile namaqabunga.

Abantu bayanqandwa. Zingahlala emasimini anezimila ezilinganiselwe. Ihlosi ngalinye linendawo yalo. Lezi yizindawo ezinkulu impela, kwesinye isikhathi ezifika ku-100 km². Izindawo zabesifazane zingahlangana nezimpahla zabesilisa.

Amanani amakhulu anjalo achazwa inani elincane lokukhiqiza kulezi zindawo. Indawo yokuhlala yamakati asendle ingama-66211 km², kuyilapho eyiyo uqobo - ama-37674 km². Manje izilwane zihlala endaweni engeqi ku-11655 km². Ngenxa yokwanda kwezindawo ezivikelwe, indawo yangempela ihlelwe ukuthi inyuswe ibe ngu-16882 km².

Lezi zilwane zinamandla amakhulu okuzivumelanisa nanoma iyiphi imvelo: noma ngabe iyindawo enomswakama, indawo enamadwala, amasoka, izingodo zoqalo noma amathangi angenakungeneka ehlathini. Amahlosi anethezekile ngokulinganayo esimweni sezulu esishisayo nakugwayi weqhwa.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: ihlosi laseMalawi linikezwa ukubaluleka kwamasiko, ngoba isithombe salo sigqoke izingalo zezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuwuphawu lukazwelonke ne-logo kaMaybank, ibhange laseMalawi, nezindawo zamasosha.

Ngabe idlani ihlosi laseMalay?

Isithombe: IMalay Tiger

Ukudla okuyinhloko ngama-artiodactyls nama-herbivores. Amahlosi aseMalawi adla izinyamazane, amantshontsho asendle, ama-zambars, ama-geurs, ama-langurs, ama-viking agrey, ama-macaque amade, amade omude, ama-porcupines, izinkunzi zasendle kanye nezinyamazane ezibomvu. Awunamahloni wawela. Njengoba ubona, lezi zilwane akuzona whimsical ekudleni.

Ngezikhathi ezithile, kuxoshwa ama hares, ama-pheasant, izinyoni ezincane, nezimfene zensimu. Ngokukhethekile onesibindi angahlasela ibhere laseMalay. Ngosuku olushisayo ikakhulukazi, ungacabangi ukuzingela izinhlanzi namaxoxo. Imvamisa hlasela izindlovu ezincane kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo. Ehlobo, angajabulela amantongomane noma izithelo zezihlahla.

Ngenxa yesendlalelo esinonile samafutha, amahlosi angakwenza ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yawo. Kwisitulo esisodwa, amakati asendle angadla inyama engafika kuma-30 kg, futhi alambe kakhulu - futhi wonke angama-40 kg. Izimbangi azihlushwa i-anorexia.

Ekudingisweni, ukudla kwamahlosi kungama-5-6 kg enyama izinsuku eziyisithupha ngesonto. Lapho bezingela, basebenzisa umbono nokuzwa okungaphezu kokuncika iphunga. Ukuzingela okuphumelelayo kungathatha imizamo eyi-10. Uma kungekho noyedwa kubo ophumelele noma inyamazane inamandla, ihlosi alisamxashisi. Badla belele, bebambe ukudla ngamawele abo.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: IMalay Tiger Animal

Njengoba inamandla amakhulu, amahlosi azibona njengabanikazi bendawo yonke. Yonke indawo lapho bemaka khona insimu ngomchamo, phawula imingcele yezinto zabo, bedabula amagxolo ezihlahleni ngezinselo zawo bese bekhulula umhlaba. Ngale ndlela bavikela umhlaba wabo kwabanye abesilisa.

Amahlosi ahlala kuleyo mpahla efanayo anobungane komunye nomunye, ahlala ngokuthula, futhi lapho ehlangana, athintane ngobuso bawo, ahlikihla izinhlangothi. Njengesibonakaliso sokubingelela, bagquma phezulu kanye no-purr, ngenkathi bephefumula kakhulu.

Amakati asendle azingela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Uma kudle inyamazane emnandi, ihlosi ngeke likuphuthe. Njengoba bekwazi ukubhukuda kahle, bazingela ngempumelelo izinhlanzi, izimfudu noma izingwenya eziphakathi nendawo. Nge-paw esindayo, benza ukushaya kombani emanzini, kumangele inyamazane bese beyidla ngentokozo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amahlosi angamaMalay athambekele ekuhlaleni yedwa, kwesinye isikhathi ahlangana ngamaqembu ukuhlanganyela inyamazane enkulu. Lapho uthola umphumela ophumelelayo wokuhlaselwa kwesilwane esikhulu, amahlosi akhipha umsindo omkhulu ongazwakala kude kakhulu.

Izilwane ziyaxhumana zisebenzisa umsindo, iphunga kanye nokuxhumana okubukwayo. Uma kunesidingo, angakhuphuka izihlahla enze kuzuba olungamamitha ayi-10 ubude. Esikhathini sessry sosuku, amahlosi athanda ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini, ebalekela ukushisa nezimpukane ezicasulayo.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukubona kwehlosi laseMalay kubukhali izikhathi ezingama-6 kunokomuntu. Ngesikhathi sobusuku sosuku phakathi kwabazingeli abanakulingana.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: IMalay Tiger Cub

Yize ukuzalaniswa kwamahlosi kwenzeka unyaka wonke, inani eliphakeme lalesi sikhathi liba ngoDisemba-Januwari. Abesifazane bavuthiswa ekutshateni kwabo ngeminyaka engu-3-4, kuyilapho abesilisa beyizinsikazi ezinhlanu kuphela. Ngokuvamile abesilisa bakhetha umuntu wesifazane oyedwa ngokuthandana. Ezimweni zobunzima obukhulu bezingwe zabesilisa, izimpi zabakhethiweyo zivame ukwenzeka.

Lapho izinsikazi ziqala i-estrus, zimaka le ndawo ngomchamo. Njengoba lokhu kungenzeka njalo eminyakeni embalwa, kukhona izimpi zamagazi zamahlosi. Kuqala akavumeli abesilisa ukuba bangene kuye, abaleke, ahubhe futhi alwe namawashi akhe. Lapho i-tigress ivumela ukuthi ifike, bayashada kaningi ngaphezulu kwezinsuku eziningana.

Ngesikhathi se-estrus, insikazi ingashada nabesilisa abaningana. Kulokhu, udoti uzoba izingane ezivela kobaba abahlukahlukene. Abesilisa nabo bangaganana ngama-tigress amaningana. Ngemuva kokubeletha, insikazi ivikela ngentshiseko inzalo yayo kwabesilisa, ngoba ingabulala amathole ukuze iqale futhi i-estrus.

Ngokwesilinganiso, ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-103. Kungaba khona izingane ezisukela kumntwana kuya kwezingu-6 kwilitha, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso zibe ngu-2-3. Izingane kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha ziphuzwa ubisi lukamama, futhi cishe izinyanga eziyi-11 ziqala ukuzingela zodwa. Kepha kuze kube baneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala basazohlala nonina.

Izitha Zemvelo zeMalay Tiger

Isithombe: IMalay Tiger

Ngenxa yomthethosisekelo onamandla namandla amakhulu, amahlosi amadala cishe awanazitha. Lezi zilwane ziphezulu phezulu kwephiramidi lokudla phakathi kwezinye izilwane. I-intuition eyenziwe kahle iyabasiza ukuba bahlaziye ngokushesha lesi simo futhi benze ngokwezifiso.

Abashushisi abaphambili bezingwe zaseMalay bangabazingeli abanezibhamu, badubula izilwane ngokungenamahloni ukuze bazuze inzuzo. Amahlosi aqaphele izindlovu, amabhere nobhejane abakhulu, azama ukuzigwema.Izingwe, izingulube zasendle, izimpungushe, izimbungulu nezinja zasendle ezidla ama-kittens namathole amakati amancane.

Njengoba izilwane ezindala noma ezikhubazekile ziqala ukuphanga imfuyo ngisho nabantu, abantu bendawo badubula amahlosi. Ngo-2001-2003 kuphela, amahlosi aseMalay abulala abantu abangama-42 emahlathini aseMangrove aseBangladesh. Abantu basebenzisa izikhumba ze-tiger njengomhlobiso kanye nesikhumbuzo. Inyama ye-Tiger nayo ithola uhlelo lokusebenza.

Amathambo ama-tiger aseMalay angatholakala emakethe ezimnyama e-Asia. Futhi kwezokwelapha, izingxenye zomzimba ziyasetshenziswa. Abase-Asia bakholelwa ukuthi amathambo anezinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala. Izitho zangasese zithathwa njenge-aphrodisiac enamandla. Isizathu esikhulu sokwehla kwezinhlobo kwakuwukuzingela kwezemidlalo kulezi zilwane ngeminyaka yama-30s yekhulu lama-20. Lokhu kunciphise kakhulu inani lezinhlobo.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: Animal Mala Tiger

Inani elilinganayo lamahlosi eMalawi ahlala kule planethi ngabantu abangama-500, kuthi abangaba ngu-250 bangabantu abadala, okwenza izinhlobo zabo zisengozini. Izinsongo ezinkulu ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, ukuzingela, ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, izingxabano nabantu, ukuncintisana nezilwane ezifuywayo.

Ekupheleni kuka-2013, izinhlangano zezemvelo zabeka amakhamera we-trap ezindaweni ezihlala amakati amakhulu. Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2010 kuya ku-2013, kuze kube kubhalwa abantu abadala abangama-340, ngaphandle kwabodwa ababodwa. Kwipeninsula enkulu, lesi isibalo esincane kakhulu.

Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okungalawulwa kokwakhiwa kwamahlathi entende kawoyela, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi yimfucumfucu yezimboni kuba yizinkinga ezinkulu ekusindeni kwezinhlobo futhi kuholele ekulahlekelweni kwendawo yazo. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwesizukulwane esisodwa, inani labantu lehliswa cishe ikota.

Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, ukusuka ngo-2000 kuya ku-2013 okungenani ama-tiger angamaMalay angama-94 athunjwa kubazingeli. Ukuthuthuka kwezolimo nakho kuyingozi emahlangeni abantu ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwendawo yokuhlala.

Naphezu kokuthandwa kwezitho zomzimba we-tiger emithini yaseChinese, ubufakazi bocwaningo ngokubaluleka kwezitho zamathambo noma amathambo abukho ngokuphelele. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umthetho waseChinese wenqabela noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwezidumbu zama-tiger ngenhloso yokuthola imithi. Abazingeli ngokwabo bazobhekana nesigwebo sentambo.

Gada iMalay Tiger

Isithombe: UMalay Tiger ovela encwadini ebomvu

Izinhlobo lezi zibhalwe ku-International Red Book kanye nakuCITES Convention. Ubhekwa njengosengozini enkulu. ENdiya, kuye kwenziwa uhlelo olukhethekile lweWWF okuhloswe ngalo ukulondolozwa ngentshiseko kwezinhlobo ezisengcupheni zezinja.

Enye yezizathu zokufakwa kwezihlosi zeMalay encwadini ebomvu yibalo kunoma yiziphi izindawo zamahlathi ezingekho ngaphezu kwama-50 amayunithi abantu abavuthiwe. Okubhalwe phansi kufakwe kuhlu lwesicelo esikhethekile, ngokuya ngokuthi ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe kuvinjelwe. Futhi, amazwe ahlala kuwo amakati asendle awakwazi ukuzithengisa ngaphakathi kombuso.

Inhlangano okungeyona eyekahulumeni yasungula iMalaysia Alliance for the Protection of a Rare Subspecies. Kukhona no-hotline ohlukile, othola imininingwane ngabazingeli. Izakhamizi ezingenandaba zihlela ukuhamba okuyisipesheli okulawula ukudubula kwezilwane, ukuze inani labantu likhule.

Ekudingisweni ezindaweni zama-zoo nezinye izinhlangano, kunezingwe ezinjenge-108 zamaMalay. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuncane kakhulu ngokuhlukahluka kofuzo nokugcinwa ngokuphelele kwezilwane ezihlukile.

Ama-Tiger akwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zokuphila. Izinhlelo eziningi ziyaqhubeka ukukhulisa isibalo sezingane ezithunjiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, amanani entengo yezilwane ezidla izinyawo ayancipha bese eba yizinto ezingekho emthethweni zabazingeli. Mhlawumbe kungekudala ihlosi lesi-malay iyayeka ukuba yinyama ezisengozini, sethemba kanjalo.

Habitat nezinsongo

Indawo engaba khona yalokhu okubhalwe phansi ingama-66211 sq. km Futhi indawo yokuhlala eqinisekisiwe ilingana no-37674 sq. km Kepha njengamanje, amakati amakhulu ahlala endaweni engeqi kumamitha-skwele ayi-11655. km Kuhlelwa ukuthi inyuke ibe ngamamitha-skwele ayi-16882. km ngenxa yokwanda kwezindawo ezivikelwe.

NgoSepthemba 2014, izinhlangano ezimbili zemvelo zahlanganisa umbiko ngemiphumela yamagumbi okubanjiswa kuwo afakwa ezindaweni ezi-3 ezihlukene futhi asebenza kusuka ngo-2010 kuya ku-2013. Ngokusho kobufakazi bamakhamera, kwenziwa isilinganiso esiningi. Ekupheleni kuka-2013, amahlosi aseMalay abala abantu abadala abangama-250 kuya kwangama-340 abanempilo enabantu abengeziwe abancane. Lokhu kuncane kakhulu kunhlonhlo enkulu.

Isizathu senani eliphansi ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo yokuhlala, okuhlobene ngqo nentuthuko yezolimo. Ukuzingela kufaka neqhaza ekubhujisweni kwezinhlobo ezingafani nezinye. AmaMalger tiger abaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso. Izikhumba zenani elikhulu, imithi yenziwa ngethambo le-tiger, kanti nenyama yenyathi nayo iyasetshenziswa.

Ukulondolozwa kweMalawi Tiger

Lokhu okubhaliselwe kufakiwe kuhlelo lokusebenza olukhethekile oluvimbela ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe. Futhi, wonke amazwe lapho kuhlala khona umhlaseli onemigqa ukuvimba ukuhweba kwasekhaya. Izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni zidale iMalaysia Alliance for the Preservation of Unique Subtype.

Kusukela ngo-2007, bekungumshini wokusebenza hotline obusebenza, lapho imibiko yamacala okuzingela umthetho itholwa khona. Ukuqashwa komphakathi nako kuhlelekile. Balwa nokudubula okungekho emthethweni kwamahlosi, okufaka isandla ekwandeni kwesibalo sabantu. E-zoo nakwezinye izikhungo kukhona abamele abangu-108 balolu hlelo. Kepha lokhu akwanele ngokuhlukahluka kofuzo nokugcinwa ngokuphelele kwamakati ahlukile.

Incazelo yaMalaya Tiger

Ubude bomzimba we-tiger yaseMalay kanye nomsila abudluli kumamitha angama-204, futhi isisindo siyahlukahluka phakathi kwamakhilogremu 100-120. Umzimba uguquguquka kakhulu, futhi nomsila mude futhi unamandla.

UMalay Tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni).

Ngenxa yokubona kuqala okuphansi kodwa okubanzi, amahlosi aseMalawi angagxuma kahle. Iwashi ngalinye liphela ngeminwe emihlanu enozipho olungaphindeki.

Ugebhezi lwenyathi yaseMalay selusinda impela. Izindlebe zicocekile. Amehlo makhulu ngezingane ezinkulu, ezizingela zazo zibona umhlaba ngombala. Imihlathi iqinile ngamachaphaza amakhulu, kanti ihlosi linamathela ngokuqinile esilwaneni liyisonge. Ulimi lumbozwe ngamabhucana abukhali, ngosizo lwalo ihlosi lihlubulula isikhumba nenyama esilwaneni salo.

Umbala wezingwe zamaMalay muhle kakhulu: umzimba ugcwele izimbali zewolintshi no-orenji. Isisu siyashwabana. Futhi sibonga iphethini lemivimbo emnyama emzimbeni, amahlosi aseMalayan afana nezinhlobo zase-Indonesia.

I-tiger yaseMalay encane kunazo zonke phakathi kwezingaphansi zenyathi.

Ukuzala amaMalay Tiger

Abamele lolu hlobo, njengomthetho, bayizilwane ezizodwa. Kepha abesifazane bachitha isikhathi esiningi enzalweni yabo, baphila impilo yabo eningi nezingane zabo.

Abesilisa uqobo bafika emkhakheni wezinsikazi. Owesilisa ulinda ngesineke kuze kube yilapho isithandwa sakhe sanele sengubo enhle futhi uzokhipha lonke ulaka. Ukuhlangana kuqhubeka izinsuku eziningana zilandelana. I-tigress ingashada nomuntu wesilisa hhayi oyedwa, kodwa iningana. Okusho ukuthi, obaba bamawundlu bangaba abesilisa abahlukahlukene.

Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, i-tigress igobhoza phansi isikhathi eside bese idonsela owesilisa kude nayo.

Abesilisa maqondana nezinsana abakhombisi imizwa yabazali. I-tigress kufanele futhi ivikele amawundlu kuyise, ngoba ingawabulala ukuze iphinde ihlangane nowesifazane.

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku eziyi-103. I-tigress izala izingane endaweni eseceleni - emgedeni noma phakathi kwezikhwanyana zotshani obukhulu. Kumuntu wesifazane oyedwa, amawundlu angama-2-3 avame ukuzalwa. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa azinakho ukubona nokuzwa, futhi isisindo semizimba yazo sisukela kumakhilogremu ayi-0.5-1.2. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, izingane zingadla ukudla okuqinile, kepha empeleni ziqala ukuzingela ezinyangeni eziyi-17-18.

Omama abashiyanga amawundlu iminyaka emi-3, ngemuva kwalokho bashiye insimu yakhe ukuze baziphilele. Izinsikazi ezincane zishiya i-tigress kungekudala ngemuva kwabafowabo.

I-tiger yaseMalay uphawu uphawu lukazwelonke lweMalawi.

Abantu kanye neMalay Tiger

Abantu bebelokhu bezingela amahlosi. EKorea yasendulo, eqeqeshelwe ngokukhethekile ukuzingela lezi zilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzingela kwakuyisiko. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela bekungenzeki ukukhuluma. Abazingeli abagqoke izinkukhu nezigqoko eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezithungathwe kusuka ku-canvas. Imvunulo yayihlotshiswe ngobuhlalu obuningi. Abazingeli babenza izichizi ngokhuni.

Ngaphambi kokuzingela, amadoda ayedla inyama yenyathi. Abazingeli baseKorea babebaluleke kakhulu, babexoshwa ngisho nasezintela zentela zombuso. Emakhulwini eminyaka we-XIX-XX, ukuzingela izingwe zaseMalay kwakukukhulu phakathi kwamakoloni amaNgisi. Ababambe iqhaza kulokhu kuzingela abagibeli bamahhashi noma izindlovu.

Ama-tiger aseMalay abhekwa njengezimbali.

Izilwane ezihlaselayo zazilolongwa ngosizo lwezinqama noma izimbuzi. Ukuxosha inyamazane ehlathini, abazingeli bashaya imigqomo emikhulu.

Ezindebeni ezibulewe zazenza izilwane ezazigxishwe emzimbeni, ezazifakwa imfashini kakhulu ezindlini zababhishobhi. Futhi, izinto zokuhlobisa nezikhumbuzo zazenziwe ngezikhumba zazo. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi amathambo amahlosi anezinto zemilingo. Namuhla baswele emakethe emnyama yase-Asia.

Namuhla, ukuzingela amahlosi akukho emthethweni, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ezindaweni eziningi ukuzingela kuyaqhubeka.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ama-tiger aseMalay akayona enokuthula ngokwemvelo, akahlaseli imfuyo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezimo ze-cannibalism zaqoshwa. Ukusuka ngo-2001 kuya ku-2003, kwafa abantu abangama-41 ngenxa yamanga alezi zidalwa ezihlaselayo e-Bangladesh.

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U-Panthera tigris jacksoni (uLuo et al., 2004)

Ububanzi: kuphela iNhlonhlo yeMalay - ithiphu eliseningizimu yeThailand ne-peninsular Malaysia. Ukwahlukaniswa kwendawo kwezingwe zaseMalay nase-Indochinese akucaci, ngoba izinhlwathi zasenyakatho neMalaysia zihlangana nabantu abahlala eningizimu yeThailand. ESingapore, amahlosi aqothulwa ngeminyaka yama-1950.

Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kwahlukaniswa kuphela ngonyaka we-2004 (phambilini inani labantu lalithathwa njengeleyahlosi lase-Indochinese). NgoSepthemba 2014, isilinganiso sabantu ababengabantu abadala singu-250 kuya ku-4040.

Kuyivelakancane eMalaysia kusuka emahlathini asenyakatho edlulile eduze kweThailand kuya endaweni eseningizimu impela yezwekazi i-Asia. Ukukhishwa kuyizindawo ezi-3 zezindluzelekazi eziyinhloko: Okubaluleke kakhulu (okucishe kube ngu-20,000 km²), iGreater Taman Negara (cishe. 15,000 km²) neSouthern Forest Complex noma iSouthern Forest Complex (cishe 10,000 km²). Kwezinye izindawo, amahlosi asatholakala emahlathini amancane ahlukene, ezindaweni zezolimo ezilahliwe ezinezitshalo ezilandelwayo, ezinabantu abaningi futhi inethiwekhi yomgwaqo engathuthukisiwe. Ama-88% ezindawo zokuhlala zamahlosi atholakala ezifundeni ezine zaseMalaysian - iPahang, Perak, Terengganu naseKelantan.

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi endaweni esezintabeni eyihlane, eminingi yayo etholakala emingceleni phakathi kwamazwe.

Okuncane kunazo zonke phakathi kokubhaliswa kwehlosi. Umbala wayo nemivimbo ifana kakhulu nehlosi lase-Indochinese, kepha osayizi basondelene neSumatran. Isisindo sabesilisa singama-120 kg, abesifazane - kuze kufike ku-100 kg. Ubude besilisa bufika ku-237 cm, kanye nabesifazane - kufika ku-200 cm.

Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba besifazane besifazane abayi-16 abavela esifundeni saseTerengganu singama-203 cm (180-260 cm), ukuphakama kube ngu-58-104 cm, isisindo singama-24-88 kg. Isilinganiso sobude besilisa bonke besilisa abangama-21 abavela eTerengganu State singama-239 cm (190-280 cm), ukuphakama okungama-61-114 cm), isisindo somzimba esingu-47.2-129.1 kg.

Amahlosi amaMalay adla ama-zambars, ama-muntzhaks, izinyoka, izimbungulu zasendle nokunye okungathandeki. Ama-Tiger eTaman Negara futhi adla amabhere aseMalay noma ama-biruang (Helarctos malayanus). Mhlawumbe i-tapir emnyama nayo ifakiwe ekudleni kwayo, kepha inyamazane enjalo cishe iyivelakancane kakhulu. Akukaziwa futhi ukuthi gaurs ifakiwe yini ekudleni okuyinhloko.

Lapho zizingela, amahlosi ancike kakhulu ekuboneni nasezindweni kunokuthola iphunga. Impumelelo yokuzingela imvamisa iqukethe imizamo engu-1-10. Ihlosi lingadla kuze kufike ku-40 kg yenyama ngasikhathi. Ekudingisweni, amahlosi anikezwa ama-5-6 kg enyama izinsuku ezingama-5-6 ngesonto.

Emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, ngenxa yobuncane obuphansi bama-ungulates, ubukhulu be-tiger buphansi kakhulu (1.1-1.98 nge-100 km²), ngoba ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kwesibalo sabantu besifazane okungenani ama-6, insimu kufanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-1000 km².

Kwezinye izindawo, abesilisa bavame ukuba sendaweni efinyelela ku-100 km², lapho kuvame khona ukuba kufika kwabesifazane abayi-6.

Izilwane zivame ukuba zodwa. Bahlangana ngokuzalela, kwesinye isikhathi ukuze bahlanganyele inyamazane enkulu. Imvamisa, lapho isisulu esikhulu sibulawa ngempumelelo, ihlosi likhipha umsindo omkhulu ongazwakala ebangeni elide. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamahlosi kuzwakala (ukubhonga, imisindo neminye imisindo), iphunga (umchamo, indle) nokubukwayo (imihuzuko ezihlahleni). Imvamisa amahlosi awagibela izihlahla, kepha imicimbi eminingi, ikakhulukazi engavamile, ifakazela ukuthi ingakwazi ukukwenza uma kunesidingo. Ihlosi libhukuda ngokuphelele futhi, ngokungafani nokugibela izihlahla, lokhu likwenza kaningi futhi ngokuzithandela. I-Tiger nayo inhle ngokugxuma, ukugxuma okuvundlile kungaba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10.

Ukuzala kabusha unyaka wonke. Ukukhulelwa kuyizinsuku ezingama-93-112. Imibhalo: 1-6 (kweminye imithombo - kufika ku-7), kepha imvamisa kube ngu-2-3. Amawundlu anikezwa ubisi lukamama kuze kube izinyanga ezingama-3-6, ngokuzimela aqala ukuzingela eneminyaka eyi-11 izinyanga, kepha aqhubeke nokuhlala nonina kuze kube yiminyaka engu-2-3.

Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi abaneminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala, abesilisa babe neminyaka emi-4-5 ubudala. Abesifazane bangazala njalo eminyakeni engama-2-4.

Izifundo zebhayoloji nezeMvelo zemvelo zamahlosi aseMalawi zisencane. Imininingwane mayelana nokudla, idatha ye-morphological, paramode demographic, ukwakheka komphakathi, ubudlelwano, usayizi wezindawo zomuntu siqu nokude, akwanele.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisile ukuba khona kwamahlosi angama-600-800 alolu hlelo lwasendalweni, olwenza lube ngolwesithathu ngobukhulu phakathi kwezingulule. I-Taman Negara National Park iyikhaya lamahlosi amadala angama-91 namawundlu, okuhambelana nobukhulu babadala abangu-1.1-1.98 nge-100 km².

Kodwa-ke, cishe ama-90% ezindawo zokuhlala amahlosi angaphandle kwezindawo ezivikelwe, lapho isimo sawo singacacile.