Bumblebee - Ummeleli onokuthula kakhulu, cishe ongenabungozi womndeni wezinyosi. Isinambuzane esikhulu esikhulu ngombala omuhle kakhulu, ongasoze wakhumbuleka. Isilwane sathola igama laso elingajwayelekile ngesizathu. Kwaqhamuka egameni lesiRussia elidala elithi "chmel", elisho ukuthi "buzz, Wheeze." Ngaleyo ndlela ungalinganisa imisindo eyenziwe yizinambuzane.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Lesi silwane ngesinambuzane i-arthropod, emndenini wezinyosi zangempela, kuhlobo olufanayo - izimbungulu. NgesiLatini, igama lohlobo luzwakala “Bombus”. Kubhalwe ohlwini lwangaphambi kwezinambuzane ezinamaphiko. Izimbungulu uhlobo oluthile lwezinambuzane. Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu zama-bumblebees, ezingokwamashumi amahlanu angaphansi komhlaba, ayaziwa.

Kwezinhlobo, ezidume kakhulu yilezi ezimbili:

• I-Bombus lapidarius,
• Ibhomu terrestris.

Izimbongi zinobukhulu obukhulu, ngokungafani nabameleli abaningi bomndeni wabo. Banombala ophuzi ophuzi-omnyama. Ungasidida lesi sinambuzane nabanye kusuka kude kakhulu. Isici se-bumblebees sinamandla-ama-mandibles. Zenzelwe kuphela izinjongo zokuthula. Ukuzivikela, izilwane ezinjalo, njengazo zonke izinyosi, zisebenzisa i-sting.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: Isigaxa se-bumblebee asibuhlungu kangako kunokuhlafunwa yinyosi noma i-wasp. Lesi sinambuzane sinokuthula, kuyaqabukela ukuluma ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ukugwaza, lesi silwane sisebenzisa imihlathi enamandla kuphela uma kunosongo lwangempela empilweni yaso.

Lesi sinambuzane sithathwa ngokuba negazi elifudumele. Ngokunyakaza okusindayo, umzimba we-bumblebee ukhipha ukushisa. Ukushisa komzimba wabo kungafinyelela ama-degree angama-40. Bonke abameleli bohlobo lwama-bumblebees banomzimba we-pubescent. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi bazivumelanise kalula nezimo zezulu ezinzima kakhulu. Izimbungulu ziyizinambuzane eziwusizo futhi eziguquguqukayo. Bahlobisa izimbali eziningi, ngokushesha zisuka endaweni ethile ziye kwenye.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Bumblebee isilwane

Abamele lolu hlobo luphakathi kwezinambuzane ezivimbela ukubanda kakhulu. Babekezelela kalula ama-froz amancane. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenxa yokubakhona kwesibhamu esifudumele nemisipha yesifuba eqinile. Isinambuzane singakhulisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba waso, sisheshe sithole izicubu zomzimba. Kungamabhungane angowokuqala ukundiza ukuqoqa umpe. Lokhu bakwenza ekuseni kakhulu, lapho umoya ungasenaso isikhathi sokufudumeza izinga lokushisa elanele kuwo wonke umndeni wezinyosi.

Izimbungulu ziyizinambuzane ezinkulu. Ubude bomzimba wabo bungafinyelela amamilimitha angamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili. Abesifazane bangaqhosha ngosayizi onjalo. Abesilisa bayakhula bafike kumamilimitha angamashumi amabili nane. Futhi izinhlobo ezithile kuphela ezingafinyelela ubude bamamilimitha angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Isibonelo, i-steppe bumblebee. Isisindo esivamile sowesifazane singama-0,85 g, kuthi owesilisa afinyelele ku-0,6 g.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngama-bumblebees

Ngaphandle, i-bumblebee ifana kakhulu nenyosi ejwayelekile, kuphela inkulu kakhulu, ifinyelela ku-2,5 cm noma ngaphezulu ubude, umzimba wayo oyimpula umbozwe izinwele ngezinwele. Umhlane umnyama, imvamisa imivimbo ephuzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi imivimbo ilu-orenji noma ibomvu, kuyaqabukela kube ngabantu abamnyama abangenamivimbo. Umzimba wesinambuzane uphela ngokugwinya okushelelayo ngaphandle kwezintoko, okungabonakali esimweni esijwayelekile. Emuva kukhona amaphiko amabili amancane avela obala.

Sekukonke, ososayensi babala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-300 zama-bumblebees. Bavele Emhlabeni cishe ngezigidi ezingama-30 ezedlule! Bahlala engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Eurasia ne-Afrika, eNyakatho Melika. Kungekudala kakhulu, lezi zinambuzane ezingama-shaggy zalethwa e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Azizwe emnandi ezintabeni, nasehlathini, nasemasimini.

Ziphila kanjani izimbungulu?

Bakha izidleke emhlabathini, udoti wamaqabunga, izimbobo, izidleke zezinyoni, imvukuzane, igundane, imisele yamathumbu.
Emndenini ngamunye, kunabantu abangafika kuma-200 ukuya kuma-200:
isibeleko, esibekela amaqanda, yisona esikhulu kunazo zonke - isilinganiso esingu-26 mm,
izisebenzi eziqeda futhi zilungisa isidleke, zithole ukudla, zona ezincane kunazo zonke - kuze kufike ku-19 mm,
abesilisa bafaka isibeletho banesilinganiso esilingana nesingafika ku-22 mm.
Enye yezinsimbi ezisebenzayo icilongo. Njalo ekuseni uphuma ngaphandle esidlekeni avuse abanye ngesiphuzo esikhethekile.

Umndeni we-bumblebee uhlala ehlobo linye. Ekwindla, zonke izinambuzane ziyafa, ngaphandle kwezindlovukazi ezimbalwa ezivundisiwe, ebusika bese kuthi ngo-Ephreli ziqale ukwakha isidleke, zibeke amaqanda bese ziqala umndeni omusha.
Izigaba ezi-4 kuphela zokuthuthuka kwe-bumblebee: iqanda - izibungu (eba izinsuku eziyi-10-14) - ipupa (eba nezinsuku eziyi-14) - izinambuzane ezindala. Sekukonke, kusuka eqandeni kuya ekubonakaleni kwesinambuzane esidala, isilinganiso senyanga eyi-1 sidlula.

AmaBumblebee bumblebees

I-Cuckoo bumblebees (i-parumbic bumblebees, i-whisky, i-Latin Psithyrus) - isithasiselo semvelo yama-parasites asuka kuhlobo lwe-bumblebees (Bombus), angakhi izidleke futhi angaqoqi impova kanye nompe. Kuze kube muva nje, bekubhekwa njengoluhlobo oluhlukile. Ukuntuleka kwesidingo sokukhiqizwa kokudla kuholele ekungefani okuvela kwezinye izimbungulu: izinwele ezimboza i-chitin azishintshashintshi futhi zimfushane, i-proboscis imfushane, ithambo lesikhumba se-chitinous lilincane kakhulu, akukho bhasikidi lokuqoqa impova emilenzeni engemuva. Abasebenzi be-Caste abekho. Ukuze zizalaniswe, i-cuckoo bumblebee ingena esidlekeni sabaphathi bezinambuzane, ngemuva kokubanika cishe inyanga ukukhulisa. Ukusesha isidleke, izimuncagazi zigxila kunephunga elivela kudoti oqoqeka phansi kwesidleke. Umsindo wendiza uthule ukuze ungadonseli ukunaka kwabanikazi. Amagciwane angena ngasese, acashe kubanikazi besidleke okokuqala aze abephunga, lapho-ke liphuma lihambe ngamabomu phambi kwabo ngenhloso yokubheka ukuthi basabela kanjani. Akazithinti izimbongi ezingamnaki, futhi ubulala labo abazama ukumhlasela. Isikhumba saso se-chitinous sinamandla kakhulu kune-bumblebee, ukugwinya kukude, nomhlathi ubukhali, unamazinyo aqinile, futhi ulimaza ngaphezu kwe-bumblebees. Kodwa kwesinye isikhathi izimbumbulu zihlaselwa yiqembu elikhulu, futhi isivakashi esingamenyiwe sifa, njengoba kukhona izingozi engutsheni yakhe: ukuphela kwesisu nentamo.
Imvamisa i-bumblebee-cuckoo ibulala isibeletho, bese iphonsa izibungu namaqanda emaphaketheni we-brood (kodwa hhayi i-pupae - akhiqiza ukushisa futhi angadli ukudla). Kepha ezinye izinhlobo azithinti abanikazi, futhi zombili (i-parasite ne-host) zizalela. Kodwa uma ama-bumblebees amabili e-cuckoo engena ngaphakathi esidlekeni esisodwa, khona-ke ngokuqinisekile ayoqala umlo, futhi omunye wabo uyafa ngokungenakuvinjwa.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-bumblebee-parasite luhlakulela izidleke zempi eyodwa noma ezimbili ze-bumblebee, futhi ububanzi bazo bufinyelela emngceleni osenyakatho wehlu lokusabalalisa lwe-bumblebees. Izinhlobo eziningi zize zikopishe ngaphandle lezo zinhlobo zazo ezizikhethela ukuthuthuka (ohlotsheni olulodwa, abesilisa kuphela).
Izibungu zezinambuzane zikhula ngokushesha kunehostela, kanti isibeletho asifuneki kangako ezimweni zobusika.

Uhlala kuphi umbungu?

Photo: Inambuzane Bumblebee

Ama-bumblebees angenye yezinambuzane ezisakazeke kakhulu. Bahlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Ukuphela kwento eyodwa yi-Antarctica. Kodwa-ke, abantu ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene abafani. Ngakho-ke, eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, ama-bumblebees angaphezulu angatholakala ezindaweni ezibandayo ezishisayo. Kunezinhlobo ezithile kuphela ezitholakala ngaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle. E-Chukotka, eGreenland, e-Alaska, ama-bumblebees asenyakatho ne-polar ahlala. Impilo yonke, bakhetha izintaba, izintaba ezihlala ezintabeni, zihlala eduze komngcele weqhwa.

Ezindaweni ezishisayo, izimbungulu ziyivelakancane kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yobuntu obukhethekile bokushisa komzimba wesilwane. Abazizwa nje bekhululekile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ama-Bumblebees athanda isimo sezulu esipholile. Zimbili kuphela izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala e-Amazonia; izinhlobo ezimbalwa zingabonakala endaweni eshisayo yase-Asia. Lezi zinambuzane zihlakazeke kakhulu eNingizimu Melika, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezishisayo. Futhi, lezi zilwane zihlala e-Afrika, eRussia, ePoland, eBelarus, e-Ukraine nakwamanye amazwe amaningi.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izimbungulu azizona izinambuzane ezinolaka. Ngalesi sizathu, asetshenziswa kabanzi engadini, ezindlini zasehlobo ngokuvundiswa kwezilimo ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungakhuphula kakhulu izinga lokukhiqiza.

Ama-bumblebees engadini alethwe ngokukhethekile e-Australia. Lapho asetshenziselwa ukungcolisa i-clover, aphile kuphela esifundeni saseTasmania. Izinhlobo eziningana zalezi zinambuzane zihlala eNew Zealand.

Ngabe idla umhluzi?

Lezi zilwane ziyizihlobo eziseduzane kakhulu zezinyosi zezinyosi. Kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukudla kwabo kuhlukile kakhulu. Ama-Waster anohlu olubanzi "lokudla" okulungele ukusetshenziswa. Badla umuthi wesihlahla, umpe wezimbali, ushukela, ujusi wezithelo, bangajabulela ujamu noju, buhlanjululwe emanzini. Ukudla okunjalo akulungile kuma-bumblebees.

Abamele lolu hlobo lokudla badla kuphela umpe nempova. Bawaqoqa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezitshalo. Uhlu lwezitshalo likhulu, ngakho ama-bumblebees abizwa ngokuthi ama-pollinators universal. Ziletha izinzuzo ezinkulu emisebenzini yezolimo zabantu, ezikhiqiza ngokushesha umkhiqizo.

Ama-bumblebees abantu abadala nawo anomsebenzi wokondla izibungu zawo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, aletha umpe omusha esidlekeni. Kwesinye isikhathi esikhundleni somucu, izibungu zinikezwa uju wazo. Amabhungane nawo enza uju, kepha ahlukile kwinyosi ejwayelekile. Uju lwe-Bumblebee lunciphile kakhulu, lunokukhanya okungaguquki, umbala olula. Akunambitheki kamnandi futhi empeleni akukhiphi iphunga. Uju olunjalo lugcinwa kabi.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa, i-bumblebee ihlala ivela esidlekeni se-bumblebee, esiqala ukuthuthumela. Ekuqaleni, ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi ngale ndlela ukhuthaza bonke abanye abantu ukuthi baqale ukusebenza. Kodwa-ke, kwavela ukuthi i-bumblebee yayimane nje yathuthumela kusuka kumakhaza futhi izame ukuzifudumeza, ngoba ekuseni kakhulu izinga lokushisa lomoya laliphansi.

Ama-blinds for pollination akhetha ukukhetha izimbali ezikhanyayo ikakhulukazi. Ezimweni ezingandile, izilwane zingajabulela ujusi wesihlahla. Ngenqubo yokudla kwabo, lezi zilwane zidlulisa imbewu, esiza ukukhulisa umkhiqizo. Ukudla okuthandwayo kwalesi sinambuzane kuyi-clover.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Bumblebee phezu imbali

IBumblebee ibhekisele ezinambuzaneni zomphakathi. Baphila impilo yabo nemindeni. Umndeni ngamunye uqukethe izindlovukazi ezinkulu, abesilisa nezinsimbi ezincane ezisebenzayo. Imindeni ihlala ezidlekeni ezinkulu impela. Lezi zilwane zakha izinhlobo ezintathu zezidleke:

• Ngaphansi komhlaba. Lolu hlobo lwezindlu lukhethwa ngabameli abaningi bohlobo. Isidleke sihlala emiseleni elahliwe yamacici amancane, aphakathi nendawo. Iphunga lezilwane ezinjalo likhanga kakhulu kubhungwa besifazane. Ukuze ifake isidleke esingaphansi komhlaba, lesi sinambuzane sisebenzisa izinto ezishiywe yi-rodent: utshani obomile, uboya,
• Emhlabeni. Izidleke ezinje zihlala otshanini obukhulu, izidleke zezinyoni ezishiywayo, ezindaweni ezinamaphampu,
• Phezu komhlaba. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimbungulu zihlala emigodini yezihlahla, ezakhiweni ezihlukahlukene ngisho nasezindlini zezinyoni.

Umndeni we-bumblebee awuningi. Imvamisa, inani labo lifinyelela abantu abayikhulu kuphela. Bahlala ndawonye unyaka owodwa kuphela. Ngemuva kokuba ingxenye yabesifazane ithole imindeni emisha, enye ingxenye iya ebusika. Indlela yokuphila yezingulube igcwele. Ilungu ngalinye lomndeni linemisebenzi yalo. Abantu abadala abasebenzayo benza wonke umsebenzi "omnyama". Bondla izibungu, bathola ukudla, baqaphe ikhaya. Isibeletho senzelwa ukubekwa kwamaqanda, abesilisa - ukuvundiswa kwabesifazane. Lapho usuqedile umsebenzi oyinhloko, abesilisa ezidlekeni abahlali.

Uhlobo lwezinsimbi zemvelo luzolile, hhayi nolaka. Ngokungafani namalungu amaningi emindeni yabo, lezi zinambuzane azihlaseli abantu ngaphandle kwesizathu. Uma ingozi ikhona kuphela ongabambelela kuyo. Kodwa-ke, kumuntu kuzoba cishe kungabi buhlungu.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Bumblebee isilwane

Isakhiwo sezenhlalo zezinyosi sifana nesakhiwo sezenhlalo sabamele izinyosi zangempela. Kulezi zilwane, isibeletho yisona esiyinhloko. Nguye owakha umndeni, ezigabeni zokuqala yena ubambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezindlu, ebeka amaqanda. Lokhu kulandelwa abesilisa nabasebenza ngezinsikazi, abalandela ukubopha inzalo, ukuzingela ukudla.

Umdubule wabesifazane uvundiswa entwasahlobo. Masinyane ngemuva kokukhulelwa, kuqala ukudla ngenkuthalo amasonto ambalwa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekuzaleni inzalo enempilo. Ngokulandelayo, insikazi iqala ukufuna indawo efanelekayo yokubeka amaqanda. Ngalesisikhathi, amaqanda asemathanjeni sowesifazane aqala ukuvuthwa. Lapho esethole indawo, insikazi iqala ukwenza isidleke, umsebenzi wokwakha.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezimbungulu ezikhathaza ngokwakha isidleke. Abanye abamele uhlobo luphila ngendlela enobuhlakani ekhethekile. Babeka inzalo yabo okhalweni lweminye imindeni.

Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi ibekela amaqanda angaba yishumi nesithupha. Zonke zinesimo esidlulile, zifinyelela kubude bamamilimitha amane. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisithupha, kuvela izibungu emaqandeni. Isidleke sezinkukhu ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amabili. Ikhukhunathi livuthwa cishe izinsuku eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Lokho wukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, abantu abadala bavela ngemuva kokuzalela amaqanda ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amathathu.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Uma isibeletho sishona ngokuzumayo, umndeni we-bumblebee awuweli. Imisebenzi yayo iqala ukwenza ama-bumblebees asebenzayo. Ziyakwazi nokubeka amaqanda.

Izitha zemvelo zezimbali

Photo: Bumblebee ngendiza

Izimbungulu ziyizinambuzane ezisheshayo, ezindala futhi ezingenangozi. Kodwa-ke, zinezitha zemvelo ezanele. Isitha esikhulu kunazo zonke zezimbungulu zingabizwa ngokuthi intuthwane. Lesi silwane esincane esilimaza kabi lesi sinambuzane: sintshontsha uju lwaso, amaqanda, izibungu. Zonke izinhlobo ezikhetha ukwakha izidleke phansi zihlushwa izintuthwane. Ngalesi sizathu, izinhlobo eziningi zenqaba indawo yokuhlala, zincamela ukuhlala ngaphezu komhlaba noma ngaphansi komhlaba, lapho kunzima khona izintuthwane ukungena kuzo.

Izitha ze-bumblebee nazo zithathwa njengabanye abamele ama-wasps. Ngakho-ke, ezinye zazo ziletha ukuphazamiseka nje okuncane, zintshontsha uju olusanda kulungiswa, ezinye zibulala izingane. Imfucumfucu yephepha iyabandakanyeka ekwebiweni kwezinyosi, futhi iminyovu yaseJalimane ingakujabulela ukusizakala.

Ingozi yanoma isiphi isilwanyana esiswini saso uqobo siyimpukane engakwazi ukuhamba. Bahlasela isinambuzane emoyeni. Impukane enjalo ingasukela isisulu sayo amahora amaningi. Njengoba sesifinyelele umgomo wayo, impukane i-cannabis ibeka iqanda ngqo kubhungane. Kamuva, izibungu zibamba iqanda. Uqala ukudla umthwali wakhe, okuholela kancane kancane ekufeni kwakhe.

Ukulimala okubalulekile kubantu be-bumblebee kubangelwa izinyoni nezinyamazane. Phakathi kwezinyoni, isidlo sezinyosi segolide kubhekwa njengesitha esikhulu. Ngobuchule uloba amakhulukhulu ezinambuzane, abhubhise inani elikhulu leziqubu ngonyaka. Izinja, ama-hedgehogs, izimpungushe azinandaba nokudla izinambuzane ezinjalo. Bahlasela izidleke.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: Isinambuzane se-Bumblebee

I-Bumblebee ingumvikeli wemvelo obaluleke kakhulu. Kuletha izinzuzo ezinhle emisebenzini yezolimo yomuntu nakwezemvelo iyonke, ihlathi elihluma impova, elinyiwe, izitshalo zasemasimini. Zikhona emhlabeni jikelele, “zisebenza” ngokushesha okukhulu kunezinyosi. Ikakhulu ukubamba iqhaza kwabo kubalulekile ekusakazweni kwama-legamu, i-alfalfa, i-clover. Ungasho ngokuphepha ukuthi lezi zitshalo zikhula ngamanani anjalo ngenxa yama-bumblebees kuphela. Isibonelo, ama-bumblebees alethwa e-Australia ngokuqondile ngenhloso yokuzalanisa, impova ye-clover.

Izinhlobo ze-bumblebees ziningi impela. Namuhla kuphela kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu. Lezi zilwane zihlala ngamanani amakhulu cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi oMhlaba. Okuhlukile yi-Antarctica. Izimbungulu zizala ngokushesha ngokwanele, zifihle ubuhlakani, kwesinye isikhathi ezifuywa ngabantu ngezinjongo zokulima. Ngalezi zizathu, inani lalezi zilwane lizinzile.

Ngokuvamile, abantu be-bumblebee namuhla bengekho engcupheni. Umbono unikezwe isimo "sokukhathazeka okuncane". Kodwa-ke, kungaphawulwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukulinganisa inani lalezi zinambuzane ngokunemba okuphezulu ngezizathu ezizwakalayo. Zincane kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi zihlala ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka.Akunakwenzeka ngokomzimba ukuthola inani eliqondile lalezi zilwane.

Unogada weBumblebee

Photo: Bumblebee Red Book

Naphezu kwesibalo esanele sabantu abagcina izimbungulu, abanye abamele lolu hlobo bahlukaniswa njengezinambuzane ezinyamalala kancane kancane. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimbungulu ziyafa kancane kancane, ngakho-ke zabhalwa ezincwadini ezibomvu zamazwe nasemadolobheni athile. Kunzima ukusho izimbangela ezithile zokuqothuka kwalezi zilwane.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zinto ezilandelayo zithinta kabi inani labantu abahlala bumblebee: ukonakala okukhulu kwezemvelo ezifundeni, ukuvezwa okusebenzayo kwezitha zemvelo ezinambuzaneni, ukucekelwa phansi kwabantu izidleke nokuntuleka kokudla.

Uhlobo olunqabile yi-Armeni bumblebee. Kubhalwe ku-Red Book of Ukraine, Russia. Lesi silwane sihlanganyela ekuvinjelweni kwezitshalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, imidumba. Ukhetha ukuhlala emahlathini asehlathini, ezintabeni, ezintabeni zamahlathi lapho kukhula khona izihlahla zikaphayini. Futhi kubhuku elibomvu laseRussia i-bumblebee elijwayelekile libhalwe phansi. Ngokwesilinganiso esincane, isahlala kwezinye izifunda zengxenye yeYurophu yaseRussia.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zama-bumblebees zibhalwe ezincwadini ezibomvu. Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuzivikela azikenziwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezimbalwa zezimbungulu futhi ngokuvamile lolu hlobo luphephile. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kulondolozwe izinsalela zezinhlobo ezingandile, kuyadingeka ngandlela thile ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yezomnotho ezindaweni abahlala kuzo, ukuvimbela ukutshalwa kwemililo, kanye nokunciphisa umkhawulo wokudla kwezinkomo.

Bumblebee -Izinambuzane ezinemibala ekhanyayo kakhulu. Ungukuphola kweplanethi yonke, alimlimazi umuntu, akhombisi ulaka. Izimbongi zigcwele kuwo wonke umhlaba. Bazibekezelela kalula isimo sezulu esipholile, bagweme izindawo ezishisayo ngenxa yokugqama komzimba wabo. Lolu uhlobo oluhlukile lomndeni wezinyosi, olufanele ukunakwa nokuqashelwa ngabantu, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo zezimungulu namuhla zivele zibhalwe ku-Red Book yezizwe ngazinye.

Ahlala kuphi ama-bumblebees emvelweni

Izimbungulu zihlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo, kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica ebandayo. Zijwayele ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibandayo, kepha kunezinhlobo ezithile zezibumbu ezihlala ngisho nangapha kwe-Arctic Circle, e-tundra. Isivakashi esivamile siyisiphithiphithi ezintabeni, kodwa eduze kwekhweyitha, ezindaweni ezishisayo, azikho izimbungulu eziningi kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, emahlathini ase-Amazon kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zama-bumblebees. Futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ezinye izinhlobo zezingulube zezingadi ezivela eYurophu zalethwa e-Australia naseNew Zealand, lapho zisahlala khona nanamuhla.

Ngokuvamile, ama-bumblebees angabamele abamelana kakhulu namakhaza omndeni wezinyosi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abazithandi kakhulu izindawo ezishisayo ezishisayo, konke lokhu kungenxa yobuchopho be-thermoregulation yabo, iqiniso ukuthi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lomzimba we-bumblebee lingafinyelela ku-40 degrees Celsius, lidlula izinga lokushisa eliyi-20 degrees degrees. Ukwanda okunjalo kwezinga lokushisa kuhlotshaniswa nokwenziwa okusheshayo kwezicubu zesifuba sezimbali, ukuncishiswa okufanayo kungumthombo wophawu lwentengiso.

Izindlala Ze-Bumblebee Ngaphezulu Ground

Ezinye izinhlobo zezimbungulu zithanda ukuhlela izidleke zazo ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba: emigodini yezihlahla, ezindlini zezinyoni.

Ukwakheka kwezidleke zangaphansi nangaphansi komhlaba kungahluka futhi kuya ngesisekelo sebhande elisetshenziswa yizihlambi. Izinduna zifakwa ngotshani obomile, ama-moss, aqiniswa nge-wax egcotshwa ngama-bumblebees ngosizo lwezindlala ezikhethekile zesisu. Kule ntambo, izimbungulu zakha idome le-wax elivimbela ukungena komswakama, libuye lifake iminyango yokungena esidlekeni ukuze ivikeleke kwabangenayo.

Impilo yezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo

Izimbungulu, njengezinye izinambuzane zomndeni wezinyosi, ziyizidalwa zenhlalo futhi zihlala emindenini enalokhu:

• izindlovukazi ezinkulu.
• amabhubhana amancane okusebenza abesifazane.
• bumblebees zabesilisa.

Isibeletho sinesibopho sokuzala kabusha inzalo, yize ingekho, izinsikazi ezisebenza nazo zingabeka amaqanda. Umndeni we-bumblebee awumkhulu njengomndeni wezinyosi, kepha usabalelwa ku-100-200, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bonke abantu abangama-500. Umjikelezo wokuphila komndeni we-bumblebee uvame ukuhlala kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla, emva kwalokho umndeni uqhekeke, ingxenye yezinsikazi iya ebusika ukuze iqale umjikelezo omusha wempilo entwasahlobo.

Emndenini we-bumblebee, wonke umuntu unemisebenzi yakhe ethize: abasebenza ngezinyosi bathola ukudla, bondla izibungu, bahlomise futhi bavikele isidleke. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi phakathi kwezimbungulu ezisebenzayo, njengoba abamele amakhulu endiza beyothenga ukudla, kuyilapho abancane bephakela izibungu.

Ukusebenza kwabesilisa kulula futhi kuyaqondakala - ukuvundiswa kwabesifazane. Isibeletho se-bumblebee, singumsunguli wasifazane womndeni, sifaka amaqanda, sondle izibungu, futhi ngokuvamile sinakekela inzalo.

Ngabe izinyosi zizalela kanjani?

Ukuzalela iBumblebee kunezigaba ezine:

• Iqanda.
• ULerva.
• UDolly.
• Imago (usemdala).

Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, isibeletho siguqulwe kabusha futhi savundiswa ekwindla sishiya indawo yaso yokuhlala futhi kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa sikulungiselela ngenkuthalo isidleke. Lapho sesithole indawo efanele isidleke, isibeletho siqala ukwakha. Esidlekeni esisanda kwakhiwa, isibeletho sibeka amaqanda ayi-8-16 ngesimo esidlulile.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-6, kuvela izibungu zama-bumblebee, zikhula ngokushesha, zidla ukudla okulethwa yintokazi.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 - 19, izibungu ze-bumblebee ziqala ukwaluka ukhukhunathi futhi zikhulule. Emva kwezinye izinsuku eziyi-10-18, amabhungane asemancane aqala ukuphuma kumakhukhunathi, eziququda. By the way, cocoons kamuva ezingenalutho zingasetshenziswa ukugcina uju noma impova. Ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo yokuqala, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-30 kusukela ngesikhathi sokubeka amaqanda, isibeletho cishe asiphumi esidlekeni. Imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ukudla ithathwa yizingane zayo zokuqala - abantu abasebenzayo abenza yonke eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile.

Kepha abesilisa abazelwe, ezinsukwini ezingama-3-5 ngemuva kokudalwa umuntu omdala, bashiya izidleke zabo zabazali beyofuna ezinye izidleke nezinye izindlovukazi abazothandana nazo ngesikhathi sokuzala ekwindla.

Ngabe i-bumblebee ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Impilo yomqwayizi imfushane futhi incike endaweni yomqwayizi emphakathini wezinyoni, lapho umuntu osebenzayo ehlala khona uhlala cishe amasonto amabili. Izimbongi, abesilisa bahlala isikhathi esingangenyanga, futhi bafa ngokushesha nje kokuzala, umsunguli wesifazane uhlala isikhathi eside kunanoma ngubani omunye, abesifazane abazalwa entwasahlobo bafa ekwindla, futhi labo abazalwa ekwindla nabasinda ebusika bangahlala ngisho unyaka wonke - kuze kube yilapho liwa elilandelayo.

Umhlaba Bumblebee

Le bumblebee ihlukaniswa umhlane ngebhendi ebomvu ngombala obomvu kanye nesihloko esikhulu esimnyama. Abesifazane bafinyelela ku-19-23 mm ubude, abantu abasebenzayo bango-11-17 mm. Bahlala eYurophu, phambili e-Asia nasenyakatho-nentshonalanga ye-Afrika. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, sekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwaqalwa inqubo yokufuya izimboni yalolu hlobo lwe-bumblebee. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-bumblebee yobumba iletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, isiza ukuqothulwa kwezilimo ezahlukahlukene (kufaka phakathi utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, ukhukhamba, upelepele kanye nesitrobheli).

I-Armeni bumblebee

Ummeleli onqabile wombuso we-bumblebee, emazweni amaningi, kubandakanya ne-Ukraine, abhalwe ku-Red Book. Ihlala eMpumalanga Yurophu naseAsia Minor. Ubude bomzimba walesi bumblebee bungama-21-32 mm. Inamaphiko ansundu nezihlathi eziphakeme.

Ingadi bumblebee

Kanye ne-bumblebee engaphansi komhlaba ngaleso sikhathi, amaNgisi ayethula eNew Zealand, lapho ihlala khona kuze kube namuhla. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu, ungahlangana ne-bumblebee engadini ebanzi kusukela e-England uye eSiberia. Isibeletho singama 18-18 mm ubude, abantu abasebenzayo bayi-11-16 mm. Isifuba sale bumblebee siphuzi ngomucu omnyama phakathi kwamaphiko. Ungumnikazi we-proboscis ende kakhulu nezidleke ngaphansi komhlaba emiseleni yakudala eshiywe ngamagundane.

Ukulunywa yi-Bumblebee nemiphumela yako

Ngokuvamile, i-bumblebee yisinambuzane esithanda ukuthula, yona uqobo ayihlaseli, futhi ingaluma kuphela ngenkathi izivikela. Noma kunjalo, ukulunywa kwe-bumblebee kubuthakathaka futhi akunabungozi, lokhu akuyona indondo yakho. Ukugwazwa emzimbeni akuhlali, i-bumblebee iyibuyisela yona uqobo, kepha ubuthi obukhishwe ekuqineni ngesikhathi sokuluma bungadala imizwa engemnandi: ukulunywa, ubuhlungu, ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, esimweni esibi kakhulu, zingahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka ezimweni ezingavamile, ngoba kubantu abaningi abaphilile, ubuthi be-bumblebee buyingozi.

Yini okufanele uyenze ekhaya uma i-bumblebee bit

Impela, into enhle ukumane uvimbele ukulunywa yizinyosi, ngoba konke lokhu okufanele ukwenze hhayi ukuzama ukuthatha izingcungcu ezandleni zakho, kodwa kubuke ngokwemvelo ukuze ungahlali ngebhothi ngephutha “endaweni ethambile” yakho. Kepha uma noma kunjalo, ukulunywa okugoqiwe kwenzeka, usizo lokuqala kufanele lube ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Indawo elunywe kufanele ihlanzwe nge-antiseptic, utshwala noma amanzi nosipho.
• Beka i-compress ebandayo endaweni elunywa.
• Ungalokothi uphuze utshwala ngemuva kokulunywa.
• Ukulunywa, uma kukhona, kungasuswa nge-antihistamine: suprastin, claritin, zirtek, njll.

Izitha ZamaBumblebees

Izitha ezinkulu ze-bumblebees izintuthwane, ukweba uju kowesifazane, ukweba amaqanda nezibungu ze-bumblebee. Ukuze bazivikele ezintuthwaneni, izimbungulu zakha izidleke zazo ngaphezulu komhlaba, kude nezintuthwane.

Enye into eyisitha sezinyosi yizimpukane nezimpukane ze-canopid, ezibuye zintshontshe noju lwezinyosi zidle amazinyane. Ezinye izinyoni, ezifana nesidleke sezinyosi segolide, zidla izinyosi, sizibhincize.