I-Falcon - inyoni enamandla eqinile ebilokhu idonsela ukunaka komuntu. Isithombe sakhe esiziqhenyayo sibhalwe ezingalweni zamazwe amaningana, uboniswa izitembu nemali. AmaSlav ngokuvamile ayecabanga ukuthi le nyoni ingcwele. Kunombono wokuthi isisulu esambetheni sezingalo zase-Ukraine isithombe esibunjiwe sotshani be-peregrine e-diving. Le nyoni ihlotshaniswa nenkululeko nokuzimela, ngakho-ke, noma ngabe i-falcon ingahlala ekudingisweni, nokuthi ungayiqeqesha kanjani endlini, sizotshela endatshaneni yethu.

Ukubukeka

Cishe zingama-40 izinhlobo zamanga ahlala eMhlabeni, ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu ngokusho kwemininingwane yazo yangaphandle nezindlela zokuzingela. Ngezansi kunezici zobuntu ezitholakala kubameli abaningi bezinhlobo:

• ubude bomzimba - 40-50 cm
• amaphiko - 90-120 cm,
• umsila - 13-19 cm,
• paws - 4,5-5,5 cm
• iphiko - 27-39 cm
• isisindo sowesilisa - 0.65-0.8 kg,
• isisindo sowesifazane - 0.9-1.3 kg.

Ingaphezulu lekhanda linombala omnyama, ngaphansi kwamehlo kukhona amabala amade, abukeka njengamadevu futhi abizwa kanjalo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezulu kweshumi nanhlanu ze-falcon, ezahlukahluka ngosayizi, umbala kanye nezinye izici zezinhlobo zezinyoni ngayinye.

Ensimini ye-USSR yangaphambili, ezintathu zazo zitholakala:

• ezejwayelekile
• Caucasian
• tundra.

Isimilo esivamile

Amanga - izinyoni ezidla inyama ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Igama elithi "falx" (isikela), elibonisa ukwakheka kwamaphiko ngenkathi indiza, lisebenze njengesisekelo segama lenyoni ("falco" ngesiLatin). Enye yezinhlobo eziphansi ze-falcon, i-peregrine falcon, ibhekwa njengesidalwa esisheshayo emhlabeni. Iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa obumnandi obuyi-320 km ngehora.

Ngisho nangezinsuku zikaKievan Rus wayebiza i-falcon i-peregrine falcon. Kamuva, igama elithi "falcon" lanikezwa incazelo ebanzi, libizwa ngalo wonke umndeni we-falcon. Kepha kuze kube namuhla, iningi labantu likhomba umqondo we- “falcon” nge-peregrine falcon. Umndeni we-falcon ufaka nama-gyrfalcons, ama-laggars nama-saker falcons.

• ICheglock - Ilungu lomndeni elingavikeleki, elincanyana ngosayizi, linomlomo omncane omile,

• Kestrel - umzingeli we-rodent.

Echazeni inyoni, umuntu angeke ehluleke ukusho ukuthi ama-falcons aqeqeshelwe ukuqeqeshwa, okuvame ukuba ngama-peregron, asetshenziswa njengezinyoni ezizingela isikhathi eside. I-Falconry inisiko lakudala kakhulu.

Uqhwaku lwenyoni lincane impela, kepha luqinile kakhulu. Engxenyeni engenhla kukhona izinyo elibukhali. Amaphiko amakhulu ngobude afinyelela esicenyeni somsila, yize umsila onemibala mide impela. Intshe yesibili ende kunazo zonke izimpaphe. Kepha iphiko liba njalo ngeminyaka. Emapulini, zonke izimpaphe zinomsebenzi wokundiza.

Uma ubona inyoni inyukela phezulu esibhakabhakeni ngamaphiko ayo ububanzi, kunalokho kubanzi, kungenzeka ukuthi yi-falcon engakafinyeleli ekuvuthweni. Amaphiko abanzi anjalo athikameza isisulu esisesincane, kodwa ngenxa yaso, ufunda ngokushesha ukundiza, ukuze akenze ngokushesha kunanoma ngubani.

Habitat

Le nyoni inamandla kakhulu, bambalwa abantu abangancintisana nayo phakathi kwezinyoni. Izindawo ozithandayo ziyizitebhisi nama-semi-desertert. Yize zihlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezigxobo zaseNyakatho nezaseNingizimu. EYurophu, izinyoni zihlala ezintabeni, izidleke emadwaleni acishe angatholakali kubantu abahamba ngezinyawo. Ebusika, zisondela eduze nezidumbu zamanzi, zizingela ama-waterfowl. Bancane kuphela abantu ezindizela emfudumalo efudumele, abantu abavuthiwe abasala kuze kube sebusika ekhaya.

• IGyrfalcon ithanda ukungakhela eceleni kwemifula yasenyakatho. Ingatholakala cishe kuyo yonke insimu yezwekazi lase-Euro.
• I-Peregrine Falcons ingama-nomads, ungayibona cishe emhlabeni wonke.

Okokuqala, i-falcon, umphangi. Ukulungiswa kwayo ekhaya kuyingozi impela. Akufanele uphathe isilwane esinamandla namandla dexterity njenge-hamster, kepha uma uyikhuphula kahle futhi unakekela ngendlela efanele, uzothola imizwa ethe xaxa ngokuxhumana nesilwane kunokuba uthandise upholi noma ulalele i-canary.

I-falcon ithathwa njengomunye wabamele abahlakaniphe kakhulu besigaba sezinyoni.

Izinyoni ezidla izinyawo zihlala zizithunjwa. Empeleni abazikweleteli ukuziqeqesha, bamkhumbula ngokweqile umuntu, ngokuzama okukhulu ukusondelana, bangasebenzisa umlomo wabo nezinzipho. Futhi ngokunikezwa amandla abo, kufanele ucabangisise ngaphambi kokuzama ukwakha ubungane obusondelene ne-falcon.

Ukudla Okondlayo Nokudla

Isistimu yokugaya ye-falcon yakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi ukusebenza kwayo okujwayelekile, ngaphezu kwenyama entsha, izimpaphe namathambo amancanyana kuyadingeka - izinsalela zomdlalo ezilahlekile. Lokhu kungcola kufanele kudilizwe yinyoni amahora amaningi ngemuva kokuphaka, kuthiwa yi imfumbe. Imfihlakalo ibaluleke kakhulu motility yamathumbu nokudla okugaya ukudla ngokubanzi.

Emvelweni, inyamazane idla izinyoni, namagundane, izinyamazane, amasele, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinhlanzi nezinyoka. Izindlu ze-Falcon zondliwa ikakhulukazi ngamagundane nezinkukhu. Ukudla kwesilwane sakho esifuywayo kungathengwa esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo, kepha ukukwenza ngokwakho akunzima. Yondla inyoni ngokwalolu hlelo:

• kufinyelela kumaviki ama-2 - amahlandla ama-5-6 ngosuku,
• kuze kube yinyanga eyi-1 - izikhathi ezi-3-5,
• kufika ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 - izikhathi ezi-2-4,
• ku-plumage - amahlandla ama-2.

Ngaphambi kokondla i-falcon, kufanele uqinisekise impilo yokudla kwakhe. Hlola ngokucophelela inyoni noma i-rodent ukuze ilimale esikhunjeni, isimo sayo esejwayelekile. Uma ngokungabaza, ungazondli kwabanezinwele, zingatheleleka.

Ama-falconers amancane kunazo zonke adinga ukunikezwa izingcezu zenyama ezifakwe kwisisombululo sikasawoti esibuthakathaka (0.6-0.9%). Isixazululo silingisa amathe omama, sisiza ukuhamba kwamathumbu nokugaya isidleke.

Khumbula ukusiza ekwakheni ukucebisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nikeza izingcezu zezimpaphe zezimpaphe namathambo. Kwakheke izigaxa zesisu, isilwane sizoqhuma, sihlanza isisu. Imfucumfucu yokudla akufanele ibambezeleke endaweni yokugaya isikhathi eside. Ukudla okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngemuva kokuba inyoni ilahle iphazili.

Izinkinga ngomugqa azivumeli amathumbu ukuba asebenze ngendlela ejwayelekile, kanti ama-macro- kanye nama-micronutrients asuka ekudleni awangeni emzimbeni, okungaholela ezifweni ezinkulu.

Ukuziqeqesha

Inhloso eyinhloko ye-falcon ukuzingela, ngoba inyoni ivame ukuzalwa. Isifiso sokuzingela esinemibala sibangelwa ufuzo, futhi akukho ukuphunyula kukho. Noma ungazibandakanyi ku-falconry, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nemfundo kufanele kufake phakathi izinto ezifanele, uma kungenjalo isilwane sakho singabuna nje. Amandla ayo namandla ayo kumele akhishwe njalo.

1. Ungaqali isilwane kuze kube yilapho uthola okuncane kolwazi lokuthi kusingathwa kanjani. Ukungakwazi kwakho kungadala ukufa kwe-falcon.
2. Thatha isikhathi sakho, funa usizo kochwepheshe. Kufanele uthole imininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka ngalesi sihloko.
3. Nikeza inyoni ithuba lokuzivumelanisa nemvelo entsha. Myeke aphile umbuthano womndeni omusha, udinga isikhathi ukuze akujwayele.
4. Ukuziqeqesha kufanele kuqale ngokufunda i-falcon ukuze ungene esandleni sakho. Okokuqala udinga ukuthi umfundise ukundiza ikhwela futhi uhlale ngasesandleni sakhe. Bamba iqatha lenyama ngesandla esigcwalisiwe. Ngekhwela, shayela isilwane kuwe usuka kude le-0.15-0.2 m. Inyoni kufanele igxume igilavu. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi iphuphu lenze konke kahle, lithola isikhuthazo sayo - inyama encane. Yonke inyama esele kufanele ifihlwe ngokufihlakele. Lapho-ke le nyoni itshalwe kwisengezo, bese inqubo iphindwa futhi, ikhulisa ibanga kancane. Yenza ukuphindaphinda okungama-5-6 ngesikhathi sesifundo esisodwa, kepha ubone ukuthi isilwane sakho asikhathaleli ukuqeqeshwa, ungakhohlwa ngento yomdlalo.
5. Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kufake phakathi into yokudlala nesikhuthazo. Le nyoni akufanele ikhungathekile. Kwesinye isikhathi kufanele uvumele i-falcon ibambe isiheho ngokushesha.
6. Mkhuthaze, ashiye isihebe njengesisulu sesilwane sakho sasekhaya,
7. Kusuka ebusheni, kufanele ujwayele isilwane sakho kwi-hood. Phinda inqubo ejwayelekile yokuzivocavoca njalo.
8. Gcina indawo ebekelwe noma ekheji ihlanzekile futhi icocekile. Ukungcola kungumthombo wezifo.
9. Ukondliwa okufanele kungenye yezimo ezibalulekile zempilo ejwayelekile nempilo ephelele yesilwane.
10. Awukwazi ukunikeza i-falcon kwabanye abantu. Umnikazi wayo uwena kuphela, kufanele akwazi lokhu.
11. Le nyoni kufanele ijwayele umsindo nemicimbi engayazi kuye (umsindo wasemgwaqweni, ukukhonkotha kwenja, njll.).

Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha

Le nyoni ithanda ukuzingela ekuseni nakusihlwa. Isikhathi sokuphumula i-falcon sichitha endaweni yaso yokudlela. Imvamisa le yindawo engenakufinyeleleka lapho kungekho khona ozophazamisa umhlaseli onameva. Kwesinye isikhathi i-falcon ihlala izidleke zomuntu futhi ihlala lapho.

Amanye amalungu omndeni we-falcon athande ukwehlukana. Bangabonakala ngendlela abazingela ngayo. Kusukela ekukhiqizweni kokudla, benza umbukiso. Ukungena ekuhlaselweni, bangashona edlulile, babuye, futhi bathathe ihlombe ngokwesibili.

Inyoni ihlela esibhakabhakeni, ifuna inyamazane. Ngemuva kokutholwa kwelitshe, i-falcon ishibilika ngokushesha bese ishaya isisulu ngezidladla zakhe esifubeni sakhe. Ukushaywa komphangi kuqinile kangangokuba inyamazane ivame ukufa ngaso leso sikhathi.

Lezi zinyoni azesabi abantu, futhi ukudlala kwazo kubenza bafune ukudlala. Kungakho, into yomdlalo ekuqeqeshweni iyadingeka. I-falcon ingandiza emoyeni ngaphezu kwezinye izinyoni eziningi. I-Scavenger ayondli. Izinyoni zihlala ngababili abangaqinile, zivikela indawo yazo kunoma yikuphi ukungena. Umuzwa wobunikazi uthuthukile impela.

Ukuze alondoloze indlu, i-falcon idinga i-aviary noma ikheji elikhulu elivulekile, lapho lingakwazi khona ukwelula amaphiko alo ngokukhululekile. I-falcon ayisona isikhova; ayikwazi ukugcinwa ngaphakathi ngaphandle kwendlwana. Ukuba ngaphandle kwekheji noma kwendiza efulethini, angakwazi kuphela eduze komnikazi. Ikheji kufanele libe sendaweni ekhanyiswe kahle, linikeze ukufinyelela okuvamile kwewashi emanzini amasha.

Kuyadingeka ukwenza indlu endlini - izingqinamba ezikhethekile odongeni, eziphakemewe, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuzizwa. Ukwenza noma ukuthenga izicathulo ezenziwe ngomumo ezenziwe ngezinyawo. Konke lokhu kuthatha isikhathi nokubekezela.

Isikhathi sokuphila

Ezimweni zasendle, le nyoni ihlala iminyaka engu-14-16. U-25 angahlala ekudingisweni, inqobo nje uma enakekelwa kahle, esondliwe, ezedokotela wezilwane, njll. Kepha uma kwenziwa amaphutha amakhulu ngokugcina, ukondla, noma ukunakekela isilwane esifuywayo, angeke akwazi ukuhlala iminyaka emithathu. Izifo ze-Avian zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Isizathu esisodwa isilinganiso se-metabolic ephezulu. Okusho ukuthi, uma ungazange uqaphele ukuqala kwesifo kusihlwa, ekuseni kungavele kube yifomu elibi. Ngakho-ke, qaphela isilwane sakho.

Ukuzala

Le nyoni iqala ukuzala ngoJulayi bese iphela ngo-Agasti uma ihlala endaweni eseningizimu ye-hemisphere. Ama-Falcons ahlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yomhlaba azalela ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMashi. Izinyoni ezihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ziqala ukuzala inyanga kamuva kunabalingani bazo abangaseningizimu. Isizathu salokhu amakhaza. Ama-Falcons ajwayele ukuba monogamous. Babucayi kakhulu ekukhetheni umlingani wempilo.

Zama ukudlela ezindaweni eziphephile lapho kuhlala khona insikazi, ngokwesilinganiso, amaqanda ama-3-4 wombala obomvu. Inani lezitoko zokudla lithinta inani lamaqanda.

Bobabili ubaba nonina bahlala emaqandeni, kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-30. Izingane zizungezwe imfudumalo nokunakekelwa, kodwa lapho nje zingena ephikweni, kufanele ziphume endlini kayise. Ukuncintisana kungenye yemithetho eyisisekelo yemvelo, futhi kulokhu akukho okuhlukile.

Inothi

Ukukhetha inyamazane efana ne-falcon njengenkukhu kuyisinyathelo esiyingozi kakhulu nesibopho. Kunconywe ukwenza lokhu kubantu abakwazi kahle abakufunayo, abanobuhlakani ngokweqiniso, banesineke, uhlelo oluqinile lwezinzwa, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, banothando lwenyoni.

I-falcon ayisona isidakamizwa. Angeke agcinwe ekhejini ngaso sonke isikhathi. Amandla amakhulu aqukethwe emzimbeni wakhe uhlala efuna ukuphuma. Isilwane esinemibala sidinga ukukhokha isikhathi esiningi nokunakwa. Uma usilinganise kahle yonke into, wabheka ubunzima obunokwenzeka, futhi namanje sanquma ukuthatha i-falcon up, izeluleko ezimbalwa ezilula zizokusiza ekukhetheni.

Thatha inyoni yengane. Uzokwazi cishe kusukela azalwa, kunalokho akujwayele. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuthola isidleke senyoni nangokuthatha inyathi enamasonto amabili lapho. Kepha khumbula ukuthi ingane esemncane isancipha kakhulu, ihlale icela ukudla ngale ndlela. Ungathenga iphuphu le-falcon. Imvamisa, intengo yayo iguquguquka cishe kuma- $ 20.

Zizwe ukhululekile ukubuza imibuzo futhi uthinte ochwepheshe. Edolobheni elikhulu, ukuthola umuntu onjalo akunzima.