Ama-mabhungane adumile kakhulu acatshangelwa ukubhukuda okunamathambo. Empeleni, umjikelezo wokuphila ibhungane amanzi amabhungane efanayo neminye coleopteran - zesifazane kuqala izalela amaqanda kuyiphi izibungu ziyaphuma kamuva.

Swimmer Beetle Larva kunobunzima obukhulu, futhi ngosayizi uvame ukwedlula umuntu omdala, okungajwayelekile ngokwako. Uma ubheka isithombe ibhungane predacious diving mabhungane noma ukulubona endaweni yemvelo, ngokwesibonelo, echibini, ungabona kalula ukuthi umzimba wesibhukudi uqukethe inhloko, isigaba se-thoracic kanye nesisu.

Enye ingxenye yomzimba idlulela kwesinye ngokushelelayo, wonke amalungu asetshenziswa ngokungagudluki, umzimba wonke unesimo esisebusweni, esikufanelekela ukubhukuda. Insect izinzwa zitholakala ekhanda. Kukhona nezitho zomlomo, eziqondiswe phambili.

Le mvelo yayikhathazeke kakhulu kangangokuba kwakuzoba lula ngokwengeziwe ukuba umhlaseli omubi abambe inyamazane yayo. Sikhanyisiwe emhlathini predacious diving mabhungane uthatha inyamazane, nechobozekile kalula wakhe. Kepha izimbotshana ezincane ezise mhlathini ziyakwazi ukunambitha inyamazane futhi ziyisitho sokuthinta.

Ngendlela, ukubhukuda kudonsa inyamazane yayo, ngakho kungokwokwezinambuzane eziququda. Ekhanda emehlweni abizwa ngokuthi amehlo lemagalagala ngoba aqukethe sinezici eziningi (9000 elula iso elincane). Isitho sokuthinta naso i-antennae, atholakala engxenyeni ephezulu yekhanda.

Noma kunjalo wonke umzimba ufihlwe ngaphansi kwamaphiko alukhuni ngakho-ke kufihlwe ngokuphepha. UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki ibhungane isinambuzane. Hhayi kaningi kufanele ubone isidalwa esiphilayo esingandiza kahle, siqhubeke emhlabeni futhi uhlale emanzini isikhathi eside. Akubona nje kuphela ababhukudi emanzini isikhathi eside, bahlala lapho.

Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, abakwazi ukuzibonga gills. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukubukwa kanjani ukubhukuda kwezimbungulu. Bona ngiphefumula umoya munye njengoba bonke abakhileyo ezweni. Leli bhungane linezivikelo ezikhethekile ezinhlangothini zesisu, ibhungane lidalula ukuphela kwesisu esisemanzini emanzini, kuqoqe umoya, bese kuthi iminyakazo yenze umsebenzi wayo owengeziwe.

Esithombeni, izibungu zamabhungane

Lokhu isinambuzane emangalisayo uhlala amanzi amile, ezifana amadamu, amachibi amakhulu okungukuthi, lapho kukhona ukunyakaza kakhulu kwamanzi, kodwa kudla muhle, ngoba leli bhungane ibhungane nomzingeli sina. Uma udala imibandela yalesi simeleli sezinambuzane e-aquarium yakho ekhaya, khona-ke ibhungane lokubhukuda lizoba kahle lapho. Umnikazi kuzodingeka ukuthi abheke izikhathi ezihlaba umxhwele zalowo ohlala emanzini.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Indlela Yokuphila of umhlaseli ehamba ngaphansi kolwandle akuyona egcwele ezihlukahlukene. Konke lokho kumatasa ukubhukudaNgakho-ke kuyinto ukuzingela noma ukuzilibazisa. Kepha, okwamanje, lowo obhukuda ubizwa ngegama lakhe ngesithunzi, ubhukuda omuhle kakhulu. Usebenzisa imilenze yakhe engemva kokubhukuda, okuthi ngesakhiwo sazo kufane nezinsimbi ezincane.

Ukuze bhukuda kwaba kuwusizo kakhudlwana, imilenze ebekelwa izinwele kancane. “Ngama-oars” anjalo, obhukuda angakwazi ukuthola izinhlanzi kalula. Isiphazamiso siphumule, njengomthetho, ebusweni bamanzi, siveza isisu ukuze kugcwaliswe kabusha okugcinwa komoya.

Uma amanzi mabhungane kuyamjabulisa uzibixe phansi kwesigubhu, ngoba lokhu kuyadingeka okuthile ukunamathela, isibonelo, isitshalo amanzi. Imilenze yangaphambili ifakwe izingwegwe ezikhethekile lapho ibhungane libambelela khona. Kepha ingaxhuma endaweni ebushelelezi.

Noma kunjalo, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi leli bhungane, zonke - futhi, leli bhungane. Ngakho-ke, ungamangali uma zingatholakala eduzane nendawo yokugcina amanzi, emhlabeni. Kusho nje ukuthi lowo obhukuda wavele wafuna ukuguqula indawo yakudala, futhi amaphiko akhe aqinile amkhonza kahle - aqinile futhi akhule kahle.

Umsoco

Beetle ibhungane amanzi ubudlova bangempela. Imenyu yayo ihlukahlukene kakhulu. Esikhathini ukudla izinambuzane, izibungu isinambuzane, iminenke, gazinga inhlanzi, tadpoles. Uma iqinile kakhulu inyamazane encane, obhukuda angahlasela i-newt ngisho nexoxo. Kubukeka sengathi i-newt akufanele yesabe uhlobo oluthile lwe-bug, kepha lokhu kubonakala nje ekuqaleni.

Engingakusho ibhungane ona kuphela isilwane noma inhlanzi njengoba iphunga igazi ngokushesha uya wonke umhlambi la mabhungane, futhi ngisho nangalesosikhathi isisulu angikwazi ukubalekela kusukela izilwane ezidla ezinye enonya. Akunakusho ukuthi, uma ukubhukuda kungadala umonakalo omkhulu kwezokudoba. Uma echibini lapho kukhona khona inhlanzi, amabhungane amaningi kakhulu ahlukanisile, khona-ke zonke izinhlanzi zidla kanye nefry zizodliwa ngokungenacala, ngakho inhlanzi ingamane inyamalale.

Ngakho osomabhizinisi abaningi omsebenzi kusekelwe ezifanelekayo ukufuya inhlanzi, ukhathazekile kakhulu mayelana nalolo daba - ususa kanjani isiphazamisi sokubhukuda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi wenze amachibi wokufakelwa kahle angasebenzi kahle, ngemuva kokudonsa amanzi, futhi ichibi elinukayo kufanele ligcwaliswe ngamanzi kuphela ngaphambi kokufika kwezinhlanzi - abakhiqizi.

Khona-ke mabhungane diving awunaso isikhathi ukuzalela phambi gazinga kuyoba okukhiphayo. Kepha umbuzo ofanayo ukhathaza labo abanamachibi ngezinhlanzi ezihlobisa ezindlini zabo zasehlobo noma ezingxenyeni zezindlu zezwe. Abanikazi bamachibi anjengalawa bangalulekwa ukuthi bahlele umthombo echibini.

Ukunyakaza kwabantu noma izithunzi amanzi elivimbela amanzi mabhungane impango amanga buthule phezu kwamanzi emoyeni collect, amanzi mabhungane ungazange baphume. Uzozama ukungalali echibini elinjalo. Uma isiphazamisi sokubhukuda besisichibini, udinga nje ukusisusa lapho.

Ngeke emuva rvatsya- akukho ukudla, futhi amanzi ithole isinambuzane, cishe ngengozi, ngoba ababona kahle amanzi, kodwa ukudla kukhona noma cha, akusiyo sobala ngokushesha. Susa kuphela ngokucophelela - ukubhukuda kwamabhungane okubhukuda acishe kubuhlungu abantu. Kuvela nobuhlungu obukhali, obungapheli ngokushesha.

Ngemuva kwalokho, endaweni ye-bite, i-edema iyenzeka, edlula kuphela ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3. Kodwa hhayi kuphela bug embi izibungu yakhe elinganeliseki. Kepha akanawo umlomo. Kunemihlathi, kepha akukho mlomo, unjalo ubuwula bemvelo. Kukhona kuphela izimbobo ezincane eduze emhlathini ngalinye, okuyinto seningene ngaphakathi emphinjeni.

Kepha lokhu akuvimbi izibungu ukuba zinganuki ngokwedlula izihlobo zabantu abadala. Ukugaya ukudla kwenzeka ngaphandle kwama-larva uqobo. Ukuthatha isibungu isisulu sakhe emihlathini bafake wakhe wokugaya ukudla uketshezi. Lokhu kukhipha uketshezi lukhubazeka.

Ingxenye elandelayo yejusi yokugaya isivele iqala ukugaya isisulu somzimba, siyinciphise, ngemuva kwalokho izibungu zidonsa ukudla “okuphekwe” ngqo emphinjeni. Ngemva kokudla isibungu ahlanze yomhlathi kusukela izinsalela imilenze lohlaselwayo futhi ulungiselela wokufuna entsha. Izibungu azikondli kahle, ngakho-ke kusesimweni sokufuna okuphakade ukudla.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuba amabhungane asuke ku-hibernation, isikhathi sokuzala siqala. Sisuka ubusika mabhungane ithunyelwa ukucinga ichibi, esahlanganisa kubo ngoba kokuzalela. Lapho bathola "intokazi yenhliziyo" yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, laba abashubile, ngomqondo ophelele wegama, bangavela othandweni.

Iqiniso lokuthi ukubhanqa senzeka kwamanzi, futhi bonke "uthando" wena, ngakho-ke abesilisa siphezulu futhi kalula ngiphefumula umoya, yelulela ingxenye esiswini ngaphezu kwamanzi. Kepha insikazi ingezansi, futhi ayikwazi ukuphefumula umoya wasemkhathini. Isikhathi sokukhwelana isikhathi eside kunesikhathi ibhungane elingakwenza ngaphandle kokuphindisela umzimba nomoya.

Kodwa uma omunye lover besifazane abanothando kodwa ngandlela-thile angaphila ke kuhlaselwa wakhe "Madoda" eziningana ke abanakukwazi ziyabuya kwamanzi futhi afe ngenxa yokungawutholi umoya. Ngemuva kokuvela kokuzala, insikazi ngokushesha igobhoza izicubu zesitshalo samanzi ne-ovipositor bese iqala ukubeka amaqanda lapho.

Ngenkathi yesizini, ingabekela amaqanda ayi-1000, noma ngisho nawo wonke ama-1500. Izibungu ziphuma emaqanda, ngokushesha aqala ukuzingela. Uma isibungu likhula, inyonyoba ephumela ezweni, wangcwatshwa emhlabathini angasogwini nasemaxhaphozini pupate. Futhi manje, amabhungane okubhukuda kwabantu abadala avela ku-pupae.

Emvelweni wemvelo, amabhungane okumbila aphila isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, kodwa ekhaya, uma umnikazi we-bhungane ehlinzeka isilwane sakhe ngazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo, isikhathi sanda ngezikhathi ezingama-3-4 futhi ibhungane lokumbila lingaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Photo: Beetle ibhungane

Ubhungane oluphonsayo lumele umkhaya wezinambuzane zasemanzini ohamba ngokulandelana okukhulu kwamabhungane anamaphiko. Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-4000 zalezi zidalwa, ezingama-300 zazo zitholakala endaweni yaseRussia. Igama lesiLatini ibhungane Dytiscus elihunyushwe ngokuthi "diving." Imfuba yakudala yalesi sinambuzane yatholakala eKazakhstan futhi ingeyesikhathi seJurassic.

Ividiyo: Diving Beetle

Kusukela zonke ezihlukahlukene amanzi mabhungane, ungakhetha ezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezithakazelisayo ukuze cwaningo:

• ibhungane elinamaphiko lihlala livame kakhulu futhi likhulu. Umzimba wakhe upendiwe mnyama ngomngcele wewolintshi owenziwe ngokufana, namawashi akhe akhanya kakhulu,
• a bhungane ibhungane - sici yayo oyinhloko ukuthi izibungu ngobukhulu ukudlula abadala zingakhula 6 cm ubude,
• umbala wabhukudi obanzi awu-nondescript - kusuka kumnyama onsundu kuya komnyama ngethinti eliluhlaza okotshani. Kwamanye amazwe kufakwe ku-Red Book,
• poloskun noma phalarope - incane ngobukhulu, akuve kuvamile ukuba Russia,
• Ukudonsa yilowo omele kakhulu amabhungane okubhukuda. Kukhona indawo yokubhukuda futhi esefulethini. Umzimba kuqala embozwe esintamo izinwele.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izidakamizwa zokubhukuda zigaya ukudla ngaphandle komzimba wazo ngoketshezi olukhethekile olunobuthi olukufakelwe isisulu. I-larvae imunca izakhi zomzimba kusuka lapho isivele isefayiliniwe ngokuphelele.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Izithombe: Indlela adingwa ibhungane ibhungane

Ubukhulu babhukudi abadala, umbala ungahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobo. Ubude bomzimba wezinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke abudluli ku-3-4 mm, amasampula amakhulu afinyelela ku-4,5-5,5 cm. Umzimba we-imago u-oval futhi uyisicaba, okulungele ukuhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi. imilenze Hind imisipha kahle isakhula. I-tibiae eflothiwe kanye ne-tarsi yangemuva embozwe ngezinwele ezixinene. Indlela yokuhamba kukholamu yamanzi ngokwayo iyafana nokugibela ngama-oars. Front, phakathi kwemilenze bug kakhulu emifushane labaqaphi elingemuva.

Umzimba wokubhukuda uqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: inhloko, isifuba, isisu. Ikhanda ligxilisiwe esifubeni, linganyakazi futhi lidlulela esiswini ngaphandle kwemingcele ecacile. Ohlangothini ebanzi ngamunye, ikhanda flat esilinganayo amehlo ngokwanele ezinkulu futhi ngamunye kubo siqukethe 9,000 eyelets ezivamile lapho isinambuzane uyakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokucacile phakathi ezihambayo, izinto static. Isisu sebhungane siqukethe izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili, ezivikelwe yi-elytra eqinile.

Umhlathi onamandla utholakala ngemuva kwezindebe ezingaphezulu. Mouthparts iluma uhlobo, emhlathini eklanyelwe ukubamba futhi mastication okusheshayo. Isitho sephunga yimihede emide ebekiwe yezingxenye eziyi-11. Ukubhukuda kuphefumula ngosizo lwezimbobo ezikhethekile ezisiswini. Siyahluka endleleni spiracles eziyinkimbinkimbi uhlelo kuqhoqhoqho nasesifubeni babe air bag. Ukungcolisa nokusongela isisu, ukubhukuda kudala ukunyakaza komoya ku-trachea.

Umbala womzimba wezibungu zokubhukuda onsundu, uphuzi, mpunga, kwesinye isikhathi umzimba umbozwe ngephethini. izilwane Young ibhungane kakhulu efana neyawofezela. Amakhanda abo anwebekile, isifuba sinezigaba ezintathu, kanti isisu sinezingxenye ezi-8. Umlomo awukho kanti nokudla kungena ngomhlathi. Wide umzimba tapers ngasekupheleni misa, lapho kukhona amasonto, ameva bristles.

Uhlala kuphi lo bhungane lokubhukuda?

Photo: Diving bhungane emanzini

mabhungane Diving zisabalele emhlabeni wonke, bathola e-Europe, Asia, indawo enkulu Sakhalin ukuze Atlantic Ocean, engxenyeni esenyakatho Afrika. Amabhungane okudonsa akhetha izihlambi zamanzi ezintsha, lapho okwakhona kungabikho ngokuphelele noma kubuthakathaka kakhulu. Zitholakala ngobuningi bamachibi anamanzi agelezayo, anezifo, nezixhaphozi.

Esikhathini esiningi ibhungane idlulisa amanzi, kodwa ingandiza futhi - uma izinambuzane kudingekile unqobe eziningi amakhilomitha. Kaningi, ezindizeni ezinjengamabhungane, ichibi liyoma noma inani elincane lokudla liyaliphoqa. Kwesinye isikhathi ziyakwazi ukundizela echibini langasese, emachibini, lapho okuhlobisa nezinye izinhlanzi kudalulwa khona.

Bayakwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele futhi fries wonke amanye okuphilayo i echibini yokufakelwa. Ukuzixosha kude nendawo yakho oyithandayo kungaba nzima impela. Kwezinye izimo, ukubulala amagciwane ngokuphelele komhlaba ongaphansi kanye nokuphinda kuzalwe kabusha kwezakhamuzi zawo kungakusiza.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Beetle ibhungane uyasinda kahle ngisho okugcinwa. Njengokudla, inyama ingasetshenziswa, ebikade inqunywa izingcezu ezincane. I-aquarium kumele imbozwe, ngoba izinambuzane zingandiza kalula. Isimo main - beetle ayikwazi axazulule kwelinye isitsha nanoma iyiphi inhlanzi.

Ukubhukuda Kwokubhukuda: Izici Ehlukile

Umndeni uhlanganisa inani elikhulu lezinhlobo (cishe ezingama-4000). Ngakho, leli bhungane ukusabalala emhlabeni wonke. Cishe zingama-300 izinhlobo ezihlala eRussia. Ezinye izinhlobo ziye zajwayela ukubanda futhi zabekezelela isikhathi sasebusika. I mabhungane batholakala kulo lonke eYurophu nase-Asia, eNyakatho Melika nase-ngisho e-Arctic.

Ibhungane lingahlukaniswa ngemibala nokwakheka kwezitho.

Ngabe udlani ubhungane wokubhukuda?

Photo: Amanzi ibhungane ibhungane

Ababhukubi bangabadli abanonya. Abantu abadala abavami ukudla i-carrion, bakhangwa kakhulu inyamazane ebukhoma, engamelana nayo.

The main Ukudla ukudla predacious diving mabhungane:

• izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, iminenke, imidlwane, ukuthosa kwezinhlanzi,
• ama-newts, amasele, izinhlanzi ezincane.

Ulwelwe mabhungane kungukuthi anentshisekelo, zingabantu ezidla ngokuphelele. Uma ziningi zalezi zinambuzane echibini, khona-ke ngesikhathi esifushane ziyakwazi ukubhubhisa zonke izinhlanzi ngokuhlasela i-fry yazo ngamaqembu amakhulu. Amabhungane azizwa ngisho nokwehla okuncane kwegazi ebangeni lamashumi ngamamitha futhi ngokushesha ashesha kule ndawo. Bafuna ukudla main kuphela emanzini, kumhlaba akuvamile ukuphuma.

Iqiniso elihehayoAbabhukudi badla kakhulu. Kwezinye izikhathi zidla ngokweqile kangangokuba ziyehluleka ngisho nokukhuphukela phezulu kwendawo yokugcina amanzi. Ukuze kuncishiswe umzimba unamandla nesisindo somzimba kanye iflothi, ibhungane burps zonke muva kudliwa, uthulule ngokuphelele wamathumbu nezitshalo ekhethekile. Lapho kunama-algae eduzane, ikhuphuka kancane kancane ibheke endaweni yokugcina amanzi eceleni kwawo.

Izibungu zokubhukuda ziyahlukahluka ekuthambekeleni kwazo ngokomqondo kwabantu abadala. Bayakwazi ukuhlasela inhlanzi esikhundleni esikhulu, ngemva kokulunywa kubuhlungu uma ukuwela ezandleni yomuntu. Imihlathi yabo ibukhali ngendlela emangalisayo, njengabacibisheli.

Encazelo Morphological

Diving mabhungane (Dytiscidae) - emkhayeni naphakathi begodu ezinkulu mabhungane ezihlala emanzini. Zitholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseAsia, eNyakatho Melika zaze zafinyelela nensimu ye-Arctic. Izinambuzane zikhetha izidumbu zamanzi amasha nenani elikhulu lezitshalo namanzi amile. Kungenzeka amadamu, amachibi amakhulu oluningi emiseleni amaxhaphozi ezijulile. Ubukhulu bhungane lokubhukuda, kuya ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, lingama-2-4,5 cm.

Isinambuzane esijwayelekile siyakwazi ukukhamba, ukubhukuda futhi ukundiza. amalungu Ababaningi oda Coleoptera afakwa amakhono anjalo. Emhlabeni, ukubhukuda kuhamba kancane, kutatazela kusuka ngapha nangapha. Imilenze yangemuva iyaxoshwa, kuthi phambili nangaphakathi kuhlukaniswe.

Ibhungane Beetle: incazelo

Ibhungane likhulu impela ngosayizi, njengesinambuzane. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bufinyelela ku-4,5 cm. Umzimba upendiwe ophuzi, okujwayelekile kwabamele lo mndeni, yize amabhungane okubhukuda atholakala enemibala yomzimba onsundu kanye ne-olive tint. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda ibhungane eside, ukuma kulayini obusiza ukuhamba kwayo kukholamu amanzi.

umzimba Insect inezingxenye 3: esiswini, esifubeni nasekhanda, okuyinto fixedly ixhumeke eyodwa. Ikhanda lesinambuzane licindezelwe kancane esifubeni ukuze lingene kahle esiswini, ngenxa yezingxenye zesikhumba.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwekhanda kukhona amehlo ahlukile, aqukethe inhlanganisela yamehlo acishe abe zinkulungwane eziyi-9. Ngosizo lwabo ibhungane eba emhlabeni amanzi. I-Antenna whiskers idlala indima yomqondo wokuhogela nokuthinta. Izinsiza zomlomo ziqukethe imihlathi eqinile, ngenxa yokuthi ibhungane likwazi ukuzingela inyamazane engaba khona futhi ligaye ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa. Ngezansi ungabona idayagramu isakhiwo ibhungane amanzi mabhungane nge nesignesha ezifanele.

Isinambuzane sinamabili ama-pair of forelegs ane-reflex yokubamba. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi ibhungane libanjwe ngokuphephile ngaphansi kwamanzi ezihlahleni zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Wings isinambuzane evikelwe predkrylyami eyizingqabavu futhi enokwethenjelwa, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi isici kule uhlobo lwe. Ukuba khona kwamaphiko kuvumela isinambuzane ukuba sindize sisuka kwenye indawo siye kwesinye, uma indawo idinga lokho. Eqinisweni, ibhungane lokubhukuda lindiza kambalwa. Lapho ichibi bome, lokhu cishe ngesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ezibangela leli bhungane ukuhamba emoyeni. Imilenze emibili engemuva yenzelwe ukuhambisa ibhungane kwikholamu yamanzi.

Ubhungane luyakwazi ukuhamba emhlabathini, kepha akuwona umsebenzi olula kuye. imilenze indluzelekazi, yena odlulela futhi kwenza izinyathelo phambili. Ngenxa yalokhu, ihamba kancane, ihamba ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Ibhungane lokubhukuda lithanda ukuhlala emzimbeni wamanzi anamanzi agxibilikayo, kuyilapho litholakala esidlekeni esibayeni noma emgodini ojwayelekile onamanzi.

Ibhungane insephe (Dytiscus marginalis)

Isinambuzane esivame kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-2,7-3,5.Akhuthazi ezimweni zokuphila. Torso emnyama noma obunsundu namalungu omzimba, izimpondo kanye shades emhlathini ophuzi noma ezimhlophe. Umngcele wombala ofanayo noma olula kancane udlula emzimbeni wesinambuzane.

Le nhlobo itholakala eYurophu, e-Asia Ephakathi naseSiberia.

I beetle yasakazwa noma ububanzi (Dytiscus latissimus)

Izinhlobo ezingandile ezifakwe ku-Red Book. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-3.6-4.5. Umzimba ubanzi kakhulu futhi uyisicaba. Umbala umzimba ungakwazi nhlobonhlobo: le omnyama noma ompofu nge Tint oluhlaza. Ukubhukuda okubanzi kakhulu kusengozini yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwezindawo ezisogwini, ukuhudula kanye nokungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi. Lesi sinambuzane singatholana kuphela namanzi ahlanzekile.

Found e Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria, Finland, Czech Republic, Denmark, Latvia-Italy, ePoland, eNorway, eSweden nase-Ukraine. Kutholakala eRussia engxenyeni yaseYurophu naseSiberia eseNtshonalanga.

Incazelo yebhungane lokubhukuda

Okusaqanda, flat, owenziwe lula umzimba ibhungane ngokufanele aguqulelwe ukunyakaza kukholamu amanzi. Imilenze yangemuva isebenza njengendlela yokuhlinzeka ngokunyakaza. Izingalo zinemisipha ekhule kahle. tibia esiyisicaba futhi waseTarsu embozwe enezinhlangothi ezimbili zezitokisi ezingu izinwele nokunwebeka. Indlela yokuhamba kwebhungane lokubhukuda emanzini ifana nokuhlehla ngezinsimbi ze-oars. Izingalo zomzimba wasemuva zihamba ngasikhathi sinye. bristles okuqinile ezindaweni zabo esikhundleni blade bendiza. Imilenze ephakathi ilungisa ukuqondisa kokunyakaza - phezulu noma phansi. Izibalo zangaphambili azibandakanyeki. Front nasemilenzeni phakathi sifushane labaqaphi elingemuva.

Isidumbu siqukethe iminyango emithathu: ikhanda, isifuba, isisu. Ikhanda ligxishwe esifubeni, okuthi, ngaphandle komngcele obukhali, lidlule liye esiswini. Umbala ogxile amnyama - oluhlaza, onsundu, abamnyama. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ukuhlangana okukhanyayo (okumpunga noma okusawolintshi) kudlula esiqwini nasekhanda. Isisu sinezingxenye ezi-8 ezimbozwe yi-elytra eqinile.

ikhanda Insect ibanzi futhi flat. Amehlo amakhulu atholakala ezinhlangothini. Ngayinye inezinkulungwane ezilula zamehlo, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ezimile nezihambahamba. Ukuze ipuleti transverse udebe eliphezulu kuyinto emhlathini enamandla okuhlose isango futhi isizinda mastication. Izinto zokusebenza zomlomo ziyaququda. Izimpondo ezinde eziveziwe ziyisitho sephunga. Basuke esisogwini izinhlangothi yasebunzini, yakhiwa 11 izingxenye nqunu.

Stripper (Acilius)

Kuluhlobo lwamabhungane okubhukuda. Usayizi kusukela cm 1 kuya 1.6, izibungu makhulu - 1,5-3 mm. Umbala womzimba umdaka kakhulu onsundu. Izinyoni zihlala emzimbeni wamanzi phakathi kwezimila ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Isici esiphawulekayo lolu hlobo ukuthi zingatholakala ngisho amachibi abavamile. Isisulu esiyinhloko salesi sinambuzane tadpoles.

Ngabe iqhuma kanjani ibhungane lokubhukuda

mabhungane Diving ukuchitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwabo ngaphansi kwamanzi kodwa umoya. Izinambuzane zidinga ukuvela njalo ukuze ziphinde zigcwalise izindawo ezigcina umoya-mpilo. Yiluphi uhlelo lokuphefumula lwebhungane lokubhukuda? Air edonsa ukuvuleka ekhethekile enikeziwe - spiracles esisogwini esiswini. Ukusuka ezikhungweni kuya kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba, uhlelo lwamadonsa - i-trachea - diverges. Kunama-sacs omoya esifubeni sesinambuzane. Esiswini atishaye onomfutho futhi decompressed, ukudala i ukugeleza komoya uqhoqhoqho.

Emzimbeni webhungane kunezindlala ezigcoba emikhawulweni ye-elytra nesisu. Ukuvuselela ukulethwa komoya, ukubhukuda kudalula ukuphela kwesisu ngaphandle. Nema umzimba ukuvumela ukumpompa emoyeni ngaphansi elytra. Amagabha nawo aphefumula, isiqu sawo siphela ngokufakelwa kwefilimu, enza umsebenzi wezipiriti. Ukungenisa ingxenye yomoya, izinambuzane ziphuma njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10.

Indlela yokuphila

Beetle kalula ebusweni kwesigubhu, ngenxa yokuthi umzimba wakhe ulula kunokotini amanzi. Ukwehluka kudinga umzamo owengeziwe. Ukuze uhlale ezansi echibini, kudingeka abambelele etsheni noma esitshalweni. Forelimbs ibhungane babe izingwegwe ekhethekile, ikuvumela ukuba unamathisele kunoma iyiphi indawo bushelelezi. Izinambuzane ziyasebenza ebusuku, zizingela noma ziyafuna ikhaya elisha. Abathandi beFauna bayathanda ukuthi ibhungane lokubhukuda liyindiza noma cha? Ngo omdala abesilisa nabesifazane namaphiko athuthukiswe kahle. Lapho bafuna izindawo ezinhle, bandiza amashumi amakhilomitha.

Ngaphambi kwendiza, kulungiselelwa okuthile. Beetle akhethiwe osebeni bese uthulule okuqukethwe wamathumbu. Ube esegcwalisa izikhwama zomoya esifubeni sakhe. Ukunciphisa isisindo somzimba ngangokunokwenzeka, ukubhukuda kuyasuka. Lapho sifuna machibi, ubizwa kuqondiswa umbono. Iqaphela ukukhanya, lesi sinambuzane siyawa phansi. Amaqhinga ajwayele ukwehluleka ukuthola izimbungulu, esikhundleni sedamu, ziwela emagumbini okugcina ingilazi noma ophahleni lwendlu. abahambi Abaningi zibulawa buhlungu aqinileko endaweni eqinile.

Ngenkathi ebandayo, izinambuzane eziningi zifihla emifantwini noma emhlabathini. Kukuphi ukubhungana kokubhukuda ubusika? Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane, kukhona labo abachitha ubusika eqandeni leqanda, izibungu noma isigaba sabadala. Ukuze izinambuzane ezihlala e-Europe libhekene ukucwiliswa in diapause mabhungane omdala. Ngemuva kokuvela kwephayiphu ekwindla, amabhungane amancane asala ebusika udoti noma ngaphansi kwamagxolo. Ingxenye yokubhukuda ibuyela endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Lapho imali eyanele-mpilo amatasa ukubhukuda. Ukuqandeka okungaphezulu komhlaba kubangela ukuba amabhungane agone ku-sludge futhi alale ukushisa.

Kuze kube nini mabhungane okubhukuda? Isilinganiso sobude bokuphila kwabantu abadala zokhahlamba kusuka izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze neminyaka emibili kuya kwemine. Izimbungulu eziningi ziphila cishe unyaka owodwa. Umjikelezo wempilo omfushane kakhulu wabamele izinhlobo ze-Agabusfuscipennis, ezivamile eYurophu naseMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Ilnyk (Rhantus)

Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyikhulu. Ubude bomzimba 1-1.1 cm. Hlukanisa ngombala ophuzi noma ogqamile. Embozwe amachashazi eziningi black. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona amabhungane amnyama anezinhlangothi ezikhanyayo. Imvamisa kutholakala emachibini emarshy.

Khumbula ukuthi konke lokhu zilwane kubhekwa inkathazo ibhungane insephe kuphela. Zonke ezinye azinawo umthelela oqinile enanini labakhileyo bezidumbu zamanzi.

Izici zamandla

Ngabe udlani ubhungane wokubhukuda? Predator osebenzisa noma yimuphi ukudla amaprotheni, akabe akwesabe edla inhlanzi efile. Ama-mandibles abukhali futhi abanzi akuvumela ukuba uhlasele inyamazane enkulu. Ubhungane olambile luhlasela izinhlanzi noma amasele amahlandla amathathu ubukhulu bawo. Indlela alwa ngayo inyamazane enkulu?

Babhukudi abasele abahlala echibini bayamsiza. Ngemuva kokuluma kokuqala, igazi lesisulu lingena emanzini. Ngenxa lokuhogela izilwane ezidla ezinye ukubamba wakhe at amabanga amade uma liya. Eduze kwenhlanzi, kudonswa izimbungulu eziyishumi, ezikhipha izingcezwana ezilwaneni oluphilayo. Ezimweni eziningi, izinambuzane zineliswa ngama-invertebrates nama-mollusks.

Ukuphefumula

Beetle akakwazi ukuphefumula ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ivela njalo emva kwemizuzu engama-8-10. Ipheshana lokuphefumula ongena ngalo umoya emzimbeni lisuswini lwesisu. Ngakho-ke, ekuvezeni, udalula ibhungane ephuma emanzini kuphela engxenyeni ezingemuva umzimba. Ama-Tracheas atholakala kuwo wonke umzimba wesinambuzane.

Ehlangothini lesifuba senkathazo kukhona izikhwama zomoya. Okufanayo ukudla izibungu. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kweziponji kubantu abasebasha kwenziwa ngokusebenza kwefilatera ngemuva komzimba.

Ukuthuthukiswa okuyisidina

Umbala izibungu ibhungane, amanzi mabhungane yellow, grey, ensundu. Imvamisa umzimba umbozwa iphethini yemivimbo emnyama namabala. Ngaphandle, inzalo ibukeka njengofezela, hhayi ababhukudi. Kusukela azalwa, izibungu kukhona izilwane ezidla ezinye elinganeliseki. Ukudla kokuqala yi-caviar, izibungu zezimpukane ze-caddis, izinyoka, omiyane. Ikhanda lithambile, isifuba sinezigaba ezintathu, isisu sezigaba eziyisishiyagalombili. Ezinhlangothini ikhanda asezindaweni 6 Amehlo elula. Ama-Antennas amancanyana, eminyakeni yokuqala ehlukaniswe ngamakhulu amathathu, ngemuva kwezixhumanisi ezimbili - iziqephu ezi-6.

Izithasiselo zomlomo ziyahluka. khekube lip engenhla, futhi phansi by ipuleti ezibanzi palps at emaphethelweni. Ama-mandibles aqinile agobile ngendlela yesikela, emaphethelweni kuyakhonjwa. Ahamba kuphela ngendiza enezingqimba. Mandibles iziteshi ezihlobene ne pharynx. Izibungu azikwazi ukuvula umlomo. Ukudla kungena ngomhlathi.

uhlelo okungajwayelekile futhi wokugaya ukudla izinambuzane. Isizinda asithuliwe esiswini, kodwa ngaphandle. I-larva ifaka ama-mandibles ayo emzimbeni wesisulu futhi ilimaze ujusi wokugaya ukudla. Ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa ukuthambisa ezicutshini futhi izitho. Okuqukethwe inyamazane kudonswa ngqo emphinjeni. Lapho usuqedile ukondla, lesi sinambuzane sihlanza ama-mandibles ngama-paws angaphambili. Beetle izibungu, amanzi mabhungane nangemithandazo nomzingeli elinganeliseki, sebeqedile yisisulu, usafunda beyofuna kwesilandelayo.

Umzimba ophakeme obheke phezulu ekugcineni, umqhele amasonto amabili. Kuqukethe ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene: imisipha, bristles, isikali. amabhangqa amathathu imilenze emide anamekwe kumasegmenti thoracic. Imilenze yakhiwe ngezigaba ezi-5. Ezinqulwini nasemilenzeni engezansi kubhukuda izinwele, unyawo luphela ngozipho ezimbili.

Ekuthuthukisweni yayo, isibungu singena esikhundleni iminyaka 3 ubudala. Eside kunazo zonke unyaka wesithathu wokugcina. Ekwindla yokuqala, izibungu zishiya ichibi. Ogwini, yena wakha iwumthombo kwezitshalo izinsalela kanye lokubolekwa inhlabathi. Ukuphapha kwenzeka ku-cradle. Isigaba sihlala cishe inyanga. Pupa ezimhlophe, elithambile, uhlobo evulekile. Izithonjana ngemuva kokuvela epulini nazo zithambile futhi zilula. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ikhava yabo iba mnyama futhi ibe lukhuni.

La mabhungane adla ibhungane?

Ukubhukuda kuyinto engenasizotha ngokweqile. Kungadla izinambuzane, izinhlanzi, kanye nama-amphibians anjalo, ngokwesibonelo, amasele nama-newts. Indima esasizibekele yona esiyinhloko la mabhungane kukhona izingane futhi tadpoles. Abantu abadala bangakuluma ucezu lwento enkulu yokuphamba futhi babuye emuva, balinde ithuba elilandelayo lokuhlasela. IBhungane ihlasela inyamazane, lidlule usayizi wayo amahlandla ama-3.

Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela akudingeki mouthparts. Ukudla okunempilo kwenzeka ngokujova ujusi we-gastric emzimbeni wesisulu, kuthambisa izitho zangaphakathi zesisulu, ngemuva kwalokho izibungu zibambe.

Ukuzala kabusha nokujikeleza kwempilo

Ukubhukuda kokubhukuda, izibungu, isithombe

Ngo izinambuzane, ukuguqulwa okuphelele, isb. E., It sidlula izigaba amaqanda, isibungu, isiphungumangathi kanye omdala.

Ukuhlangana kwenzeka kwentwasahlobo, emanzini. Izinsikazi zibamba izinsikazi futhi zinamathele kuzo ngosizo lwezinkomishi zokuphuza, ezitholakala ngaphambili. Kokuzalela kungathatha izinsuku 2. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngabesilisa kuphela abaphefumulayo. Abesifazane, lapho sebeqeda ukukhula, sebesesimweni sokukhathele futhi abakwazi ukubhukuda bebodwa. Ngakho-ke, abesilisa ukubasiza ifike kwamanzi. Uma inqubo yokuphelisa ukuphazanyiswa yayiphazanyiswa noma insikazi iba nokuvuthwa okuningana ngokulandelana, khona-ke ingozi yokufa kwayo inkulu.

Ngemuva kokuzalela, izinsikazi zifihla emimelweni noma kusilika. Lokhu ulungisiswa yokuthi kwabesilisa ngokuvamile ukuhlasela isihlobo obuthaka ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalela, ngoba akubheka njengesono i laliba isisulu esilula. Isidoda esitholile sanele izinyanga eziyi-8 zomanyolo weqanda.

Insikazi ibekela amaqanda esihlahleni namahlamvu ezitshalo ezithile. uhlobo oluthile kungaba amaqanda enhlabathini. Ukuba yizicubu zezitshalo, amaqanda avikelwe kwizinyamazane eziningi. Ngasikhathi sinye, umakhi unamathele ngokuqinile esitshalweni ngenxa yokukhipha uketshezi olukhethekile lokunamathela. Kakhulu ibhungane ezivamile izalela amaqanda in the izitshalo ezilandelayo:

Amaqanda abekwa ngokuhlukile, kodwa futhi angaba seqabunga elilodwa noma isiqu. Uma isemanzini, iqanda liyayeka ukukhula. Umsebenzi Wamatshe sibonwa emaqabungeni, t. Ukuze. Lapho, wathola umbonile ngokusebenzisa. Endaweni lapho ibhungane lensikazi libeke khona iqanda, ungabona ibala elinsundu noma umucu.

Iqanda likhula lisuka ezinsukwini eziyi-8 kuye kwezingama-40, kuya ngezimo zemvelo. Inani elihle kunawo yilona lokushisa at 28 ° C. Abagibeli bavame ukuhlakulela amaqanda alesi sinambuzane.

Amaqanda makhulu, aze afike ku-6-7 mm ubude. Ngokuvamile une-kobujamo obusaqanda. Umbala uphuzi kakhudlwana ophuzi. Igobolondo mncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwamaqanda kunganqotshwa kancane.

isibungu Ibe uhlale ayeqamekele. Lapho eseqedile ukuchitha, ufika ogwini bese umba enhlabathini ethambile. Thola ukuthi cishe akunakwenzeka.

Izibungu unomzimba omkhulu ngenombolo enkulu izingxenye. Ikhanda likhulu, liyisicaba. Imihlathi ithuthukiswe kahle. Kulesi sigaba, isinambuzane usenemigqa ezintathu imilenze, zonke zazo sebenzisa navigation. Umbala wezibungu uhlala ulula kakhulu kunowabantu abadala. Umbala usukela esihlabathini uye ku-ginger. Kungase kube amnyama. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, ubukhulu be-arthropod buhlukahluka kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwesigaba sokukhula kwesibungu, ubude bomzimba bezibungu buvama kakhulu ngosayizi womzali. isibungu Ubude ubuyisela amaqembu amathathu ubudala.

Ubuphofu buthatha amasonto ambalwa. I-pupa yebhungane ibukeka njengomdala. Kulesi sigaba, lo umlawuli wekhompyutha lwabelwe ukukhanya yellow iyunifomu umbala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imilenze yakhe iba mnyama futhi ibe nsundu. Uhlobo lwe-pupa luvulekile.

Ibhungane ububanzi

Ubude bomzimba bhungane elidala bungama-35-45 mm. Ubhungane obanzi obukhulu bunsundu noma umnyama nge-tint eluhlaza. The imibukiso isithombe emaphethelweni pronotum kanye elytra amanzi mabhungane ibhungane uya umugqa ophuzi. Izibungu zinomzimba omude we-fusiform; zikhulu kunabantu abadala ngosayizi, zikhula ziye kuma-60-60 mm. Izinambuzane zihlala kumachibi anamanzi acwebile nodaka. Bakhetha ukuthumelelana ukusigcina ogwini. Kubonwe emizimbeni yamanzi egcwele i-sedge, ihhashi, ishiber, squirrel. Ukubhukuda okubanzi kuyizinhlobo ezingandile. Yena Sihambile 10 amazwe aseYurophu. Ibhungane lifakwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN.

Imininingwane. Ababhukuda banezitha ezimbalwa emanzini; izitha ezinkulu azizithinti. Izinambuzane zinezingxenye indlela zokuzivikela - ngokuhlasela isitha Zikhiphela caustic ezimhlophe ketshezi.

Yini ubungozi bhungane lokubhukuda?

Isinambuzane singaba yingozi enkulu kumachibi amancane. Beetle ebhubhisa imiphakathi kakhulu impilo yasemanzini. Izinhlanzi ezihlobisa nazo ziyahlaselwa. Ngokuvamile inkathazo ihlala emapulazini ezinhlanzi, ibhubhise konke gazinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungalimaza izinhlanzi Aquarium.

Umakhelwane ongafuneki

Lapho sesizinzile echibini lokuhlobisa, isilwanyana esidla inyama sihlasela izinhlanzi zokuhlobisa kanye nezinye izakhamizi.Abanikazi bezidumbu zamanzi babhekana nenkinga enzima, kanjani ukususa ibhungane lokubhukuda echibini? Indlela encane yokuchitha isikhathi ukuthola izidumbu ezisebenza ngokubhubhisa izibungu ezishisayo. Enye inketho ukufaka okwesikhashana ipompo noma umthombo obumba ukuhamba kwamanzi. Lesi sinambuzane sithanda izidumbu zamanzi ezimi, ngakho-ke sishiya indawo yokukhosela futhi siyofuna indawo engcono.

Uma izindlela ezingenhla zingasebenzi, khona-ke kusalokhu kukhipha amanzi, kuhlanze futhi kubulale amagciwane phansi. Lokhu kuzobhubhisa izibungu ze-imago ne-mabhungane. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, kuthululelwa amanzi bese kwethulwa izakhamuzi ezintsha.

Ingozi ebantwini

Ungabhekana nokubhukuda kwesidleke echibini echibini noma echibini lakho. Ukuxabana kubantu kuyivelakancane kakhulu. Ukuluma kubuhlungu, kepha akubeki ingozi empilweni. Ibhhungane lokubhukuda liluma emanzini uma lizizwa lisongelwa. Ubuhlungu obuvela ekuvutheni kwesikhumba buhlala imizuzu eminingana. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, isilonda siyavuvukala, kungavela inhlama. Amabhungane awanobuthi, ngakho-ke akukho ukusabela komzimba.

Umuntu ohlukunyeziwe kumele anikezwe usizo lokuqala:

• hlambulula isilonda
• phatha nge-antiseptic (iodine, i-hydrogen peroxide),
• faka ibhandishi
• Faka u-ice ukudambisa ukuvuvukala.

Ukunakwa Imvamisa ukulunywa bhungane lokubhukuda kutholwa yilabo abaluthatha ngaphandle kobuhlanga obudingekayo.

Abathandi bempilo yasemanzini bangaba nesibhungane sokubhukuda emanzini. Njengokudla, bamnika izingcezu zenyama eluhlaza nezinhlanzi. Isitsha simbozwe ngesembozo, ngaphandle kwalokho isinambuzane esinamaphiko sizondiza simuke. Isihlabathi sithululelwa ezansi bese kubekwa amatshe amatshe amakhulu. Noma yiluphi ulwelwe lukhethiwe; ukubhukuda akubadli. Into esemqoka ukuthi awukwazi ukulungisa izimbungulu ku-aquarium efanayo nezinhlanzi.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Isinambuzane esikhulu sokubhukuda

Umzimba wokubhukuda ulula kunamanzi futhi, uma ungazange ugcwale kakhulu, asukuma kalula ebusweni. Kudinga umzamo omkhulu ukwehla. Phansi kwesichibi, ngaphezulu kwe-algae, amabhungane abanjwa kusetshenziswa izingwegwe ezikhethekile emabunzini angaphambili.

Lezi zinambuzane zizingela ngenkuthalo ebusuku. Uma isimo sokuhlala echibini singasenelisi, khona-ke bayofuna enye indlu futhi bayakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. Ngaphambi kokuqala kohambo, umuntu omdala ukhipha ngokuphelele amathumbu akhe bese egcwalisa amasheya omoya. Ukususa konke okusemandleni nokunciphisa isisindo kuphela, ukubhukuda kuhamba. Ngesikhathi sokundiza ebusuku, amabhungane amaningi agibela phezu kophahla olukhazimulayo ophahleni, ezindongeni zezakhiwo, ngoba azithathela amanzi.

Iningi lababhukuda bachitha ubusika enhlabathini noma bacashe emifantwini esegangeni lezihlahla. Ezinye izinambuzane ebusika esigabeni seqanda, ezinye ngesimo sezibungu. Abanye abantu abadala bahlala emanzini futhi babhukuda ngenkuthalo kuze kube yilapho iqhuma. Lapho iqhwa lisungulwe, izinambuzane zigobhoza ku-silt kuze kube entwasahlobo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukubuyisa kabusha okwagcina umoya-mpilo, ibhungane lithelela phezulu lize liphumele esiswini ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ubhungane oludala kufanele lwenze inqubo okungenani kanye ngemizuzu eyi-15. Amabhuga awasebenzisi umoya wokuphefumula kuphela, kepha nawokulawula ukwenyuka nokudada.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Bhungane lokubhukuda echibini

Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokucasha, ababhukudi baqala ukuzala. Abesilisa abanandaba nabesifazane, bona uqobo bakhetha umuntu ofanele futhi bamane bayihlasele, bebambe ama-paws abo angaphambili, ngokushesha baqale ukushada. Inqubo yonke yenzeka ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi ingashada nabesilisa abaningi futhi abanye babo bafe ngenxa yokugcwala ngenxa yokuntuleka kwithuba lokuphinda baphinde basebenzise izinto zomoya. Abesilisa ngalesi sikhathi bangaphezulu kwamanzi.

Ngemuva kokuphothula inqubo yokuzalela, izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda azo ngaphakathi kolwelwe, ngaphambi kokubhoboza izicubu zazo ne-ovipositor. Ngesizini eyodwa, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayinkulungwane 1-1,5. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12, kuvela izibungu. Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, inqubo ingathatha inyanga.

Izibungu zokubhukuda zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Babhukuda ngokuphelele, bayakwazi ukuphefumula umoya osemkhathini, njengabantu abadala, kepha badalula ukuphela komzimba kwalokhu. Izibungu, njengamabhungane amadala, zinokukhanya okukhulu, ziyizisulu ezingenamusa. Ukudla kwabo kokuqala: izinhlosi zenhlanzi, izibungu zamadrako, izimpukane zekaddis, omiyane.

Lapho kuqala ekwindla, izibungu zababhukudi zishiya imizimba yamanzi bese zizulazula ziye ogwini, lapho zizakhela khona imijondolo yazo evela enhlabathini nasezitshalweni. Esikhungweni esinjalo bayantshontsha. Ngemuva kwenyanga, kuqhamuka abantu abadala. Ekuqaleni zimhlophe futhi zithambile njenge-pupae, kepha ngamahora ambalwa indawo yazo iyaqina futhi iba mnyama.

Izitha zemvelo zebhungane lokubhukuda

Photo: Ngabe ibhungane lokubhukuda libukeka kanjani?

Umuntu omdala webhungane lokubhukuda uphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engu-1-2. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo okufushane, lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukudala ukulimala okukhulu esimisweni semvelo samachibi, amapulazi ezinhlanzi. Ukube bekungengenxa yezitha zemvelo zebhungane elihlungayo, bekuzoba nzima kakhulu ukulawula amanani ayo.

Babhukuda bangazingela:

• izinhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlanzi
• ezinye izinyoni, kufaka phakathi yonke imidlwane,
• izilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala emizimbeni yamanzi.

Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, ababhukudi bayakwazi ukukhulisa imfihlo ekhethekile ngephunga elimnandi elixosha abanye babahlaseli abanqume ukuzidlela ukudla. Ngalesi sizathu, ababaningi abafuna ukumhlasela.

Umgibeli wesinambuzane uyisitha semvelo sezinyosi ezidla inyama. Izinsikazi zabagibeli zifuna ngenhloso ukubuka izibungu zokubhukuda ngephunga elikhethekile bese zibeka amaqanda ngaphakathi emzimbeni wazo, eziyokondla bese zidonsa phakathi izibungu. Njengoba bekhula, umdadi osemncane uyafa.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Isinambuzane esidla inyama, yize sincane, siyakwazi ukubekezelela inyamazane, ephindwe kathathu kunesisulu uqobo. Uma umuntu oyedwa ehluleka ukubhekana nesisulu, khona-ke ezinye izimbungulu zigijimela ekusizeni - zidinga nje ukuhogela igazi kwikholamu yamanzi njenge-piranhas.

Igama lesayensi lebhungane lokubhukuda kanye nenqubo yalo ehlelekile

Isinambuzane sibizwa ngokuthi ibhungane lokubhukuda. IDytiscidae yigama layo lesayensi lomhlaba jikelele. Ngokwamagama kusuka olimini lwesiLatini lihunyushwa ngokuthi “diving”. Amasistimu wesayensi yezinambuzane asuselwa kunamba yama-taxa amakhulu (amaqembu ahlanganiswe ngesisekelo sabalingiswa abavamile). Esimweni eshlelekile, izigaba eziphakathi nendawo nazo zikhona. Imininingwane yokuhlukaniswa kwesayensi yamabhungane okubhukuda yethulwa etafuleni:

Izithombe nencazelo yesinambuzane, ukwakheka kwangaphakathi

Isilinganiso sezinambuzane esijwayelekile singama-4,5-5-5 cm. Umzimba wabantu abaningi umnyama. Kukhona futhi amabhungane ansundu nge-tint yomnqumo. Ngenxa yokwakheka komzimba ololongwe, izitha ezidla ezinye zihamba ngokukhululeka emanzini. Ikhanda linesakhiwo esinjalo kangangokuthi ukusuka ngasohlangothini kubukeka sengathi sicindezelwe esifubeni, lihamba kahle lingene esiswini (esiswini). Ezinhlangothini zayo kukhona amehlo, ahlanganisa abaningi (cishe izinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili) ama-ommatidia (amayunithi wokubonakalayo alula kakhulu).

Izinto zokusebenza ngomlomo zakhiwa emihlathini ethuthukisiwe. Amabili amabhulukwe angaphambili anezinto zokubamba, ezivumela umhlaseli ukuba anamathele ngokuqinile ezisekelweni zezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, izinti, amatshe. Imilenze yangemuva, embozwe izinwele futhi ivunyelwe ukubhukuda, ifana nemikhumbi yesikebhe. Ukunyakaza kwabo ngaphansi kwamanzi kunjengegagasi lama-okhi. Imilenze yangemuva iyahamba ngenkathi ibhukuda.

Incazelo emfushane yesakhiwo sangaphakathi sokubhukuda:

• Uhlelo lokugaya. InKubandakanya amathumbu angaphandle, aphakathi naphansi. Owokuqala unesibopho sokugaya nokusebenza kokudla kokuqala ngamathe, kwesesibili izinqubo eziphambili zokuqhekeka kokudla kanye nokufakwa kwemikhiqizo yokugaya ukudla, okwesithathu ukuthathwa kwamanzi.
• Uhlelo lokujikeleza i-lacunar. Ukujikeleza kwegazi kunikezwa yinhliziyo, etholakala esifundeni se-dorsal.
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula. Siqukethe ama-tracheas agqotshwe kakhulu, lapho umoya-mpilo ugelezela kuzo zonke izitho nezicubu.
• Uhlelo lokuxolisa. Kuyisigaxa semikhumbi ye-malpigium etholakala emgodini womzimba, esivaliwe ekugcineni, kanti abanye bagelezela ngaphakathi emathunjini phakathi naphakathi kwesisu ngemuva.
• Uhlelo lwezinzwa. Iqukethe indandatho ye-peri-pharyngeal kanye ne-abdominal nerve chain.
• Uhlelo lokuzala. Kwabesifazane, kumelelwa ama-ovari ama-2, ngalinye lawo lidlulela kwi-oviduct yeshubhu. Ama-ducts angakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele ahlanganiswa abe yisitho esisodwa esingaphekiwe, lapho kukhishwa amaqanda avuthiwe. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, ukuqongelela isidoda kwenzeka ku-ovule. Izitho zokuzala ezingamaduna zakhiwa ama-testes ama-2, adlulela ezihlangwini ze-vas, lapho imbewu ikhishwa khona.

Izilwane zomhlaba zisebenza ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezingama-400 zalezi zinhlwathi ezingama-invertebrate arthropods, ezaseRussia - cishe ezingama-300. Ngokuvamile sithola ama-cimunos fringed. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane zalo mndeni, ukubhukuda okunamathambo kubonakaliswa ngosayizi omkhulu womzimba. Amachibi aseRussia nawo ahlalwa yi-puzanchik, ichibi, ukudaya, i-buffoon ejwayelekile, i-duck yokubhukuda (strip). Uma isimo sezinhlobo ezisabalele kunazo zonke sabelwa ukubhukuda, ebanzi kakhulu, enobukhulu obukhulu, okungajwayelekile (bona isithombe).

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Bhungane lokubhukuda

Emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, ubhungane ojwayelekile wokubhukuda uvikelekile, njengoba inani lawo lehlile kakhulu ngenxa yokushintsha kwezimo zokuhlala zemvelo. Ensimini yaseYurophu neRussia, kuthambekela okuphambene nalokho - inqwaba yabhungane ebabayo iyalawulwa ukuze kunqandwe ukwanda okukhulu kwenani labo.

Ngobuningi, ukubhukuda kubhubhisa gazinga kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, ezinye izinambuzane nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisemzimbeni ofanayo wamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela kukhubaza ukulingana kwemvelo, kubangele ukulimala okukhulu emapulazini ezinhlanzi. Ingozi yalesi bug futhi ukuthi iyakwazi ukundiza amabanga amade ifuna ikhaya elisha, lapho ukudla endaweni yakudala kunganele, ngaleyo ndlela kuthathe izindawo ezintsha.

Lapho izitha zemvelo zinganele ukulawula inani lamabhungane adlayo, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezidla izibungu zababhukubi zingangeniswa echibini. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali akhethekile ukucubungula engezansi kwezibungu, kepha lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezindaweni zokugcina ezincane. Kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukuhlomisa umthombo omncane noma impophoma, ezosiza ukuhamba kwamanzi, futhi amabhungane azosuka kule ndawo angakhululeki kuyo.

Ukubhukuda kokubhukuda - umzingeli. Imvelo ihlinzeka lezi zidalwa ngakho konke okudingekayo kulokhu. Baziwa njengabazingeli abanonya nabangesabi, bavame ukuqhathaniswa nezixuku ze-piranhas, bebhubhisa ngokoqobo yonke into esendleleni yayo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukubabona endaweni yabo yemvelo, ukubheka ukuzingela kwabo okusheshayo.

Ukuzala kanye nezigaba zokuthuthuka

Abesilisa nabesifazane bashada kakhulu ekwindla, ngoSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngesinye isikhathi, lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Akusibo bonke abantu besifazane abasindayo ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuzalela. Abesilisa abami emcimbini wenqubo yokuzalelisa: empeleni baphoqa abalingani ukuthi bazale, babagcine ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside, kuhlangene abantu besifazane, bebaphuca umoya-mpilo.

Abesilisa ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini babamba izinsikazi ngokusebenzisa izinkomishi ezikhethekile zokudla ezitholakala ngaphambili nasemalungeni aphakathi nendawo. Kulesi sikhundla, bayakwazi ukuhlala izinsuku ezi-2. Ngemuva kokulingisa, insikazi ishesha ukuphuma, ngaphandle kwalokho owesilisa angayidla. Umanyolo ekwindla, uyacasha. Isidoda emzimbeni wakhe siyakwazi ukugcina imisebenzi yaso izinyanga eziyi-8.

Izinsikazi ngemuva kokufakelwa ngempumelelo ngoMashi-Ephreli ziqala ukubeka amaqanda. Ngesinye isikhathi, zingababuyisela emuva cishe eziyikhulu. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, inani labo lifinyelela kwinkulungwane. Kusetshenziswa into ekhethekile yokuqina okuqinile, amaqanda afinyelela ku-5-7 mm ngosayizi ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile neziqu zezitshalo zasemanzini. Nge-ovipositor ebukhali, iziqu namaqabunga asikiwe, bese amaqanda ebekwa eziseleni ezivelayo.

Izibungu zokubhukuda zokubhukuda

Lesi sigaba sithatha isilinganiso sezinsuku eziyi-10-12. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, ihlala izinsuku ezingama-18- 20. Izibungu ziphuzi, ziphuzi noma zibomvana. Imvamisa imizimba yabo imbozwa ngemichilo nangebala. Zidla ngo-caviar wezinhlanzi, ama-dragonflies, izibungu ze-butterfly, omiyane. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuvula umlomo, ukudla kungena emizimbeni yabo ngomhlathi. Ukudla okuvela kwizibungu zokubhukuda akubhuliwe esiswini, kodwa ngaphesheya.

Njengoba seyiguqule iminyaka emi-3, okude kakhulu sayo okungokugcina, lesi sinambuzane sishiya okokugcina esigabeni sezibungu. Lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ensimini esogwini, yakha indawo yomgwaqo - igumbi elinodonga olwakhiwa izinsalela zezitshalo nomhlabathi. Kuyo, izibungu ziphenduka i-chrysalis. Isigaba se-larval sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-30. Emahoreni okuqala kokuzalwa kwe-imago ithambile futhi igqamile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhava lawo iyaqina, ithola umthunzi ogcwele ngokwengeziwe.

Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwamabhungane okubhukuda

Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isinambuzane, ukubhukuda kungabhekwa ngokuya ngezinzuzo kanye nokulimaza abantu. Kuya ngokuthi ngubani oba yisisulu sakhe. Uma edla omiyane nezakhamuzi ezifile zezindawo zokugcina amanzi, singasho ukuthi uyazuzisa. Uma kukhulunywa ngokudla izinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi uFry, echibini lezinhlanzi, kusobala, lesi sinambuzane samanzi sibangela ukulimala okukhulu kubanikazi bezinhlanzi. Kunezindlela eziningi zokulwa nalezi zinambuzane, ezifuneka kakhulu.

Ungayigcina kanjani ibhungane lokubhukuda e-aquarium ekhaya?

Ukulungiswa kwamabhungane okubhukuda ekhaya, i-aquarium ejwayelekile yezinhlanzi kufanelekile. Kufanele ivalwe ngokuphephile, ngaphandle kwalokho isilwane sizobe sihamba. Ukuze akhule kahle futhi azizwe ekhululekile, kufanele anakekelwe kahle. Phansi kwendawo ebanzi ye-aquarium enobude obungama-60 cm okungenani, kunconywa ukuthulula isihlabathi kanye namatshe amatshe amakhulu. Ungafaka i-algae kuyo. Futhi idinga ukufakelwa isihlungi. Ungasebenzisa imodeli engakhelwanga ukunikeza umoya.

Udinga ukondla lesi sinambuzane ngenyama nenhlanzi ebunjiwe. Lapho ugcina isilwane esingajwayelekile kangako, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi kufanele ifakwe e-aquarium kuphela uma kungekho ziphi izilwane ezincelisayo kuwo, ngaphandle kwalokho lesi sidli-mbumbulu siyozidla.

Amaqiniso Esezinambuzane Ahehayo

Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ngalesi sinambuzane esimangalisayo:

• Njengoba ezizwa eyingozi, obhukuda akhipha into ekhethekile ye-whitish hue, iphunga elithile elingasabisa ngisho nesitha esikhulu kakhulu.
• Lezi zidalwa zihlala ebusuku kakhulu. Zizingela ebumnyameni, zindiza zisuka kwesinye ichibi ziye kwesinye. Izimbangi zibona kabi ebusuku, ngenxa yazo zivame ukubekezelela ezimweni ezingezinhle, zithatha izinto eziphonsa ukukhanya kobuso bamanzi. Lapho ugxuma ezindaweni ezimanzi noma ezicwebezelayo, zingafa.
• Lezi zidalwa ezinegazi futhi ezingenasibindi ziyakwazi ukubulala isisulu esikhulu kakhulu, njenge-toad, kathathu ubukhulu bazo.
• Izibungu zalezi zinambuzane zithathwa njengezinegazi futhi ziminyene kakhulu emhlabeni. Naphezu kokuntuleka komlomo, bayakwazi ukubhubhisa ngokoqobo yonke impilo emzileni wabo. Ngosuku bangadla cishe amathiphu angama-50.

Ingabe ibhungane lokubhukuda liyingozi kubantu?

Ibhungane liyakwazi ukuluma esikhunjeni, kepha, uma kucatshangelwa ukungabikho kwezinto ezinobuthi, ukuluma kwalo akubangeli ukungahambisani nezinto ezinobuthi. Nokho, isilonda enjalo kubangela ezinzima sibi ubuhlungu ezingaba iqhubeka isikhathi eside. Ngemva bite ibonakala njalo zokuzikhukhumeza, ububomvu. Izimpawu ziyanyamalala zodwa ngemuva kwamasonto angama-2-3.

Indlela ukuqeda amanzi mabhungane ibhungane?

Njengoba lezi zinambuzane ayikwazi walwa amakhemikhali. Amanzi e-Chlorinating nawo awasizi ngalutho. Uma labantu incane, nezimila ku ichibi noma yokubhukuda akudingeki, ungazama catch mabhungane ngesandla. Kodwa ukusebenza le ndlela nayo ilinganiselwe. Ukuqeda ukubhukuda, kubalulekile ukususa imbangela yokubonakala kwayo noma ukudala izimo ezingezinhle.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu izindlela ethandwa kakhulu emzabalazweni:

• ukugeleza Okugcwele yamanzi. Ngaphambi kokugcwalisa kabusha, kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi azikho izinambuzane. Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela futhi iziphungumangathi ingaqhubeka enhlabathini. Kuyadingeka ukuba asuse zonke izitshalo ezibe ichibi.
• Dala umjikelezo wamanzi. Umlawuli wekhompyutha uyathanda kuphela emi amanzi. Indlela elula ukwakha umjikelezo - umthombo. Bonke ababhukudi abadala ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo bazovele bahambe bayofuna indawo enhle yokuphila.
• Faka ku ichibi izitha zemvelo. Usongo olukhulu ibhungane kuyinto carp. Izinhlanzi zidla kubantu abadala nakubantu abangama-larva. Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela yamanzi mabhungane ziyisisekelo ekudleni carp ngokwemvelo.

Esikhathini kuthuthwa yesikhashana zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi kufanele zihlolwe ukuze khona izinambuzane. Ngaphambi kokukhipha izinhlanzi echibini elihlanziwe, zihlukanise ngaphandle ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izinambuzane azibuyeli endaweni yazo endala yokuhlala. Ngezinye Uzalo egcwele amanzi echibini kunconywa lime phansi benta kahle kakhulu.

Njengoba isibungu eba

Isibungu sokubhukuda sokubhukuda sinemihlathi enamandla kunaleyo, njengamabhungane amadala uqobo, asivumela ukuba sibhekane nanoma yisiphi isilwane. Ngokwezwi nezwi iqala emzimbeni yomhlathi isisulu sakhe, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uqokomisa juice esiswini, kuphumele ukuthambisa inyama isisulu. Ngemva izibilini babe ewuketshezi, isibungu sucks up izakhi ngemigudu ezimbili esisogwini zombili emhlathini.

Ngemuva kwama-molts amabili, lesi sinambuzane siya emhlabeni, lapho endaweni enomswakama, imvamisa emhlabathini, izibungu ziyaqhuma futhi zihlale zikulesi sikhathi isikhathi esingangenyanga, kuya ngesimo sezulu. Emva kwalesi sikhathi kusukela isiphungumangathi omdala ibhungane kuvela ibhungane ukuthi ngesonto ungaphakathi yokukhosela yayo, elinde umzimba wakhe ngokuqina. Ngemva kwalokho, lezi zinambuzane omdala ibhungane eshiya lisendaweni yalo yokucasha nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi ohlangothini echibini, lapho bayophila isikhathi esingangonyaka.

Isiphetho

Naphezu kosayizi wayo omncane, ibhungane lokubhukuda liyakwazi ukubhekana nezinyamazane, elikhudlwana ngokwedlula leli bhungane uqobo. Uma ngeke bakwazi ukumelana isisulu sakhe, usehlane, 'usizo ezihlotsheni zakhe, shiya esanele emzimbeni isisulu amanxeba amancane. Ngamanye amazwi, nakuba la mabhungane futhi encane, kodwa umonakalo kusuka kungashiwo esibekele.