I-roe deer deer, noma i-roe deer (lat. ICapreolus capreolus) iyisitatimende esivame kakhulu nesincane kunazo zonke somndeni wakwaCervidae eYurophu. Lesi isilwane esiqapha kakhulu futhi esinamahloni, ngakho asikaze sithathwe yi-aristocracy njengento yokuzingela. Ukumzingela ngezinja kumane kungenzeki.

Izakhamizi ezivamile zaseYurophu zathola ilungelo lokumdubula engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19. Kusukela lapho, usephenduke indondo emukelekile yabazingeli abajwayelekile.

Ngo-1923, umlobi wase-Austria uFelix Salten wabhala le ncwadi ethi Bambi. I-biography evela ehlathini ”ngempilo yenyamazane edonsayo. Ngo-1942, uWalt Disney waqedela umsebenzi ngefilimu e-animated Bambi, okwathi ngenxa yezizathu zezombusazwe, lo protagonist waphenduka umlingisi omhlophe waseVirginia deer (Odocoileus virginianus), ohlala eNyakatho Melika futhi odume kakhulu ngabalaleli baseMelika.

Ukubhebhetheka

Indawo yokuhlala itholakala cishe kuyo yonke iYurophu kanye nengxenye ye-Asia Minor. Ama-dee deer deer awatholakali eSicily naseziqhingini ezisentshonalanga neMedithera. EGrisi, inani labantu bakhona laligcinwe kuphela e-Olympus National Park, eChalkidon peninsula naseziqhingini eziseduze nayo.

E-Asia, i-roe ihlala kwa-Israyeli, e-Iran, enyakatho yeSyria nase-Iraq. Umngcele osempumalanga wobubanzi udlula phakathi nendawo ephakathi kwe-Ukraine nezindawo zasentshonalanga zeRussia. Enyakatho, ibanga lilinganiselwe ku-65 ° inyakatho ye-latitude.

Izinyamazane zaseYurophu zihlala emahlathini asehlathini, emaphethelweni nangaphandle kwamahlathi, emahlathini avulekile, emathafeni nasezikhukhuleni zemifula ephenduka indawo enamahlathi. Eminyakeni yamuva, ziya ngokuya zibonakala emazweni ezolimo. Ezintabeni, abantu abangatheni babonwa emngceleni wamahlathi nezintaba eziphakeme lapho zifinyelela kumamitha angama-2400 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Isamba sonke silinganiselwa kwizigidi eziyi-15.

Njengamanje, izindlela ezinhlanu ezi-5 ziyaziwa. URoe luhlobo lodade loder dee waseSiberia (uCapreolus pygargus).

Ukuziphatha

Izinyamazane zaseYurophu ezisukela ekwindla sekwephuzile kuya entwasahlobo zihlala emhlanjini wabantu abaningana abambalwa ngaphansi kokuhola kowesifazane onolwazi. Ekupheleni kobusika, baqala ukuwela baba ngamaqembu amancane.

Abesilisa abavuthiwe bahlala bodwa futhi bajoyina amaqembu abesifazane lapho bebeletha. Bawavikela umhlaba wabo futhi bawavikela ngomlilo umhlaba wabo ekuhlaselweni yizizwe zabo. Imingcele yendawo yokuhlala esekhaya imakwe ngomchamo kanye nokukhishwa kwezibunu ezinephunga elimnandi ebusweni. Indawo yayo ingafinyelela amahektha angama-35.

Izilwane zinokuzwa okuhle kakhulu. Baphendula ngezingodo ezisolisayo ebangeni elingafinyelela ku-800 m.

Ibona ingozi encane kakhulu endaweni evulekile, i-roe ivele ibuyele ku-400-500 m. Ibaleka, ifinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-60 km / h. Ngokugijimayo, enza gxuma ngezikhathi ezithile aze afike ku-5-7 ngobude aze afike ku-2 m ukuphakama.

Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi lenzeka ekuseni nasekuseni kusihlwa. Kulesi zinhlobo, i-periodicity yansuku zonke yokuziphatha inezimpawu. Izilwane zithola amadlelo, zidla futhi ziphumula amahora angama-2-3. Ngemuva kwalokho, umjikelezo osethiwe uyaphindwa. Isikhathi esiningi sichithwa ekuphumuleni nasekuhlafuneni ukudla. Ngokuya ngezimo zezulu nezinkathi zonyaka, umjikelezo uhlala ushintsha njalo.

Izingulube zase-European roe zibhukuda kahle futhi, uma kunesidingo, zingawela imifula namachibi amancane.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Photo: European Roe Deer

ICapreolus Capreolus ingeyama-Artiodactyls we-oda, umndeni we-Reindeer, ongaphansi kweRoe. Izinyamazane zase-European roe zihlanganiswa zibe ngama-subfamily eyodwa nezinyamazane zangempela zaseMelika Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalesi sitshalo sendawo engxenyeni yeRussian Federation: Izingulube zase-Europe ze-roe deer kanye nezinyamazane zaseSiberia. Owokuqala ngummeleli omncane kakhulu wezinhlobo.

Leli gama uqobo livela egameni lesi-Latin elithi capra - imbuzi. Ngakho-ke, igama lesibili lonyamazane phakathi kwezilwane yimbuzi yasendle. Ngenxa yendawo yayo ebanzi, izingwekazi zase-European roe zinezindlela eziningi ezingaphansi kwezindawo ezihlala e-Europe: okuyi-subspecies e-Italy kanye nasezinsizeni eziseningizimu yeSpain, kanye nezinyamazane ezinkulu zaseCaucasus.

Ividiyo: I-European Roe Deer

Indawo yokuhlala yomlando we-roe deer yasungulwa ngesikhathi seNeogene. Abantu abaseduze kwezinhlobo zesimanje bagcwalisa amazwe asentshonalanga nasenkabeni yeYurophu, kanye nengxenye ethile ye-Asia. Ngenkathi ye-Quaternary kanye nokuncibilika kwamaqhwa, ama-artiodactyls aqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezintsha futhi afinyelela eScandinavia naseThafa laseRussia.

Kuze kube ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, izindawo zokuhlala zahlala zinjalo. Ngenxa yokudotshwa okukhulu, inani lezinhlobo laqala ukwehla, futhi uhla, ngokulandelana, lwakha izindawo ezingabodwa. Eminyakeni engama-60s-80s yekhulu lamashumi amabili, ngenxa yokuqina kwezindlela zokuzivikela, isibalo sezinyamazane saqala ukukhula futhi.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: European Roe Deer

I-Roe deer yidiya elincane, isisindo somuntu ovuthiwe ngokobulili (owesilisa) sifinyelela ku-32 kg, ukukhula kufinyelele ku-127 cm, ekushwabeni kuze kufike ku-82 cm (ngokuya ngobude bomzimba, kuthatha u-3/5). Njengezinhlobo zezilwane eziningi, izinsikazi zincane kunabesilisa. Ziyahlukahluka hhayi kumzimba omude, ingemuva lawo eliphakeme kunangaphambili. Izindlebe ziyakhulunywa, zikhombe.

Umsila mncane, kufinyelela ku-3 cm ubude, uvame ukungabonakali kusuka ngaphansi koboya. Ngaphansi komsila kune-caudal disk noma “isibuko”, kukhanya, imhlophe. Indawo ekhanyayo isiza inyamazane ngaleso sikhathi sengozi, ngokuba uhlobo lwe-alamu yomhlambi wonke.

Umbala wejazi uncike kwisizini. Ebusika kumnyama bhuqe - lezi izithunzi ezisuka empunga ziye ngombala onsundu. Ehlobo, umbala uyaqaqeka ukhanyise obomvu no-aphuzi okhilimu. Ubukhulu bomzimba nekhanda akuhlukile. Imibala yabantu abavuthiwe ngokobulili iyafana futhi ayifani ngocansi.

Amahlosi amnyama, abukhali ekugcineni ngaphambili. Emlenzeni ngamunye, ngazimbili izinselo (ngokwegama leyunithi). Amahlumela abamele besifazane balezi zinhlobo afakwe izindlala ezikhethekile. Maphakathi nehlobo, baqala ukugqamisa imfihlo ekhethekile eyazisa owesilisa ngokuqala kokuzala.

Abesilisa kuphela abanezimpondo. Afinyelela ku-30 ​​cm ubude, ngesikhala esifinyelela ku-15 cm, asondelane ndawonye phansi, kuvame ukugoba ngesimo se-lyre, i-branched. Izimpondo ziyavela ngamawundlu ngenyanga yesine yokuzalwa, futhi zikhula ngokuphelele ngeminyaka emithathu. Abesifazane abanazo izimpondo.

Njalo ebusika (kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuze kube nguDisemba), ama-deer alahla izimpondo zawo. Zikhula emuva entwasahlobo kuphela (kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi). Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bagcwala kubo ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Ngakho-ke, bamaka indawo yabo futhi ngasikhathi sinye bahlanza izinsalela zesikhumba ezimpondweni.

Kwabanye abantu, izimpondo zinesakhiwo esingajwayelekile. Azinazinhlamvu, njengezimpondo zembuzi, uphondo ngalunye luqonda ngqo phezulu. Abesilisa abanjalo baba yingozi kwabanye abamele izinhlobo. Lapho incintisana ukuthola indawo, uphondo olunjalo lungabhoboza umphikisi futhi lumenze alimale.

Ihlala kuphi inyamazane yaseYurophu?

Photo: European Roe Deer

UCapreolus сapreolus uhlala emazweni amaningi eYurophu, iRussia (iCaucasus), kanye namazwe ase-Middle East:

Lolu hlobo lwenyosi lukhetha izindawo ezicebile ngotshani obude, amahlathi akhanyayo, imiphetho kanye nengaphandle lehlathi eliminyene. Ukuphila emahlathini aqatha futhi axubile, amahlathi-asephelile. Emahlathini e-coniffort angatholakala lapho kukhona khona ongaphansi kohlobo oluwohlokayo. Ingena ezigodini zama-steppe eceleni kwamabhande amahlathi. Kepha emkhakheni wama-steppes wangempela kanye nama-semi-desert awhlali.

Imvamisa itholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-200-600 ngaphezu kolwandle, kepha kwesinye isikhathi itholakala ezintabeni (mealows alps). AmaRoe deer atholakala eduze nendawo yokuhlala yabantu emhlabeni wezolimo, kepha kuphela kulezo zindawo lapho kukhona khona ihlathi eliseduze. Lapho ungaphephela khona uma kwenzeka ubhekene nengozi futhi uphumule.

Ubungako obuphakathi bezilwane endaweni ezihlala kuyo bukhuphuka ukusuka enyakatho buye eningizimu, banda emkhakheni wamahlathi acashile. Lapho ukhetha indawo, ama-roe deer asuselwa ekutholakaeni nasezinhlobonhlobo zokudla, kanye nezindawo zokucasha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngamasimu avulekile nezindawo ezakhiwe eduze kwabantu.

Ngabe udlani waseYurophu?

Photo: European Roe Deer in Imvelo

Emini, umsebenzi wama-artiodactyls uhlukile. Izikhathi zokuhamba nokuthola ukudla kushintshwa yizikhathi zokuhlafuna ukudla okutholakele kanye nokuphumula. Isigqi sansuku zonke siboshwe ngokuhamba kwelanga. Umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu ubonwa ekuseni nakusihlwa.

Izici eziningi zinethonya kokuziphatha nesigqi sempilo yenyathi:

• izimo zokuphila
• ukuphepha,
• ukusondela kwezindawo zokuhlala zabantu,
• inkathi,
• ubude besikhathi phakathi nosuku.

AmaRoe deer ajwayele ukusebenza ebusuku nasehlobo, nasebusika ekuseni. Kepha uma ukuba khona komuntu oseduze kunokwaziwa, izilwane ziyaphuma ziyondla kusihlwa nasebusuku. Ukudla nokuhlafuna kudla kuhlala kugcwele ama-artiodactyls (afika emahoreni angama-16 ngosuku).

Ngezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo, inani lokudliwayo liyancipha, futhi ezinsukwini zemvula nezibandayo zobusika, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziyanda. Ekwindla, isilwane silungiselela ubusika, sibe nesisindo futhi sigcine izakhi zomzimba. Ukudla kufaka utshani, amakhowe namajikijolo, ama-acorn. Ebusika, amaqabunga omile namagatsha ezihlahla nezihlahla.

Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla, ezinyangeni ezibandayo kakhulu, kusondela ama-roe dets eduze kwezindlu namasimu omuntu efuna izinsalela zezitshalo ezisele ngemuva kokuvunwa. Akuvamile ukuthi zidle sonke isitshalo uqobo, zivame ukuluma ngazo zonke izinhlangothi. I-Liquid itholakala ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezitshalo kanye nekhava yeqhwa. Kwesinye isikhathi baphuza amanzi emithonjeni - ukuthola amaminerali.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: European Roe Deer

Inyamazane yaseYurophu yase-roe isilwane esifuywayo, kepha ubuhlakani baso abubonakaliswa njalo. Ngokwemvelo yazo, ama-roe deer athande ukuba yedwa noma ngamaqembu amancane. Ngenkathi ebusika, izinyamazane zibuthana eqenjini futhi zifudukela ezindaweni ezinamaqhwa amancane. Ehlobo, ukufuduka kuphinda kumadlelo anoju oluningi, bese umhlambi uqhekeka.

EYurophu, ama-roe deer awekho ngaphansi kwezinguquko, kepha ukufuduka okume mpo kwenzeka ezintabeni. Kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia, ibanga lama-nomad lifinyelela ku-200 km. Ngenkathi efudumele, abantu bahlala emaqenjini amancane: izinsikazi ezinamawundlu, abesilisa becula, kwesinye isikhathi eqenjini labantu abafinyelela kwabathathu.

Ngentwasahlobo, abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokocansi baqala ukulwela insimu, futhi lapho sebexoshile umuntu ancintisana nabo, akusho ukuthi bayazi kahle insimu. Uma umhlaba wesimo usesimweni esihle, izimangalo zabaqhudelana zizoqhubeka. Ngakho-ke, abesilisa bavikela insimu yabo ngesihluku, bayimake ngemfihlo ekhethekile enephunga.

Izindawo zezinsikazi zihlukaniswe kancane, azithambekele ekuvikeleni insimu njengabesilisa. Ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuzalela, kufinyelela izinhloso ezingama-30. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, inani lezinkomo landa izikhathi ezingama-3-4. Ekupheleni kokufuduka, umhlambi uyaqhekeka, lokhu kwenzeka maphakathi nentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwabantu abasha.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: European Roe Deer

Maphakathi nehlobo (Julayi-Agasti), inyamazane yaseYurophu ibamba isikhathi sokuzala (i-gon). Umuntu ufinyelela ukuvuthwa ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine wokuphila, abesifazane kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangaphambilini (kwesibili). Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa baziphatha ngobudlova, bamaka insimu, bajabule kakhulu, benze umsindo “wokukhonkotha”.

Imvamisa izimpi zokuvikela insimu nezensikazi zivame ukulimaza umphikisi. Abathengisi beRoe banesakhiwo sendawo - bethatha enye yezindawo, bazobuyela lapha ngonyaka olandelayo. Indawo yeduna ifaka izigaba eziningana zokuzalwa kwengane, izinsikazi ezihlanganiswa ngazo zifika kuyo.

Ama-Reindeer anesithembu futhi ajwayele ukufaka umquba owodwa kowesilisa, owesilisa aye komunye. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa abanolaka hhayi kwabesilisa kuphela, kodwa nakobulili obuhlukile. Le yimidlalo ebizwa ngokuthi yokuzalela, lapho owesilisa evusa insikazi ngokuziphatha kwakhe.

Isikhathi sokukhula kwama-intrauterine samawundlu sithatha izinyanga eziyi-9. Kodwa-ke, ihlukaniswe nge-latent: ngemuva kwesigaba sokuchotshozwa, i-ovum ayikhuli izinyanga eziyi-4,5, nesikhathi sokuthuthuka (kusukela ngoDisemba kuya kuMeyi). Ezinye izintokazi ezingashadikazi ehlobo zivundiswa ngoDisemba. Ebantwini abanjalo, isikhathi se-latent asikho futhi ukukhula kwesibeletho kuqala ngokushesha.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-5.5. Owesifazane oyedwa uphatha amawundlu ama-2 ngonyaka, abantu abancane -1, asebekhulile angazala ama-3-4 ama-cubes. Izinyamazane ezisanda kuzalwa azisizi ngalutho, zilele ezifihliwe otshanini futhi uma zisengozini yokuqhuma. Baqala ukunakekela umama wabo ngemuva kwesonto bezelwe. Owesifazane udla inzalo ngobisi kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala.

Izingane zifunda ngokushesha nangemva kokuqala ukuhamba, kancane kancane zikwazi ukudla okusha - utshani. Eminyakeni yenyanga eyodwa, ingxenye yokudla kwabo izitshalo. Ekuzalweni, ama-roe deer anemibala ebonakalayo, okuthi ekwindla yakuqala ithathelwe indawo ngumbala wabantu abadala.

Izilwane zixhumana ngezindlela ezahlukene:

• iphunga: izindlala ze-sebaceous nezithukuthuku, ngosizo lwazo ngabesilisa zibonisa indawo,
• imisindo: abesilisa benza imisindo ethile ngesikhathi sokuzala, okufanayo nokukhonkotha. Ukuncipha okukhishwa ngamawundlu lapho kusengozini,
• ukunyakaza komzimba. Ukuma okuthile kwesilwane okuhlala phakathi nengozi.

Izitha zemvelo zezinyamazane zaseYurophu

Photo: European Roe Deer

Ingozi enkulu yokuhlafunisisa inyamazane emvelweni ngabazingeli. Kakhulu izimpisi, amabhere ansundu, izinja ezidukelayo. Ama-Artiodactyls asengozini kakhulu ebusika, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi seqhwa. I-Nast iwela ngaphansi kwesisindo se-roe deer futhi iyakhathala ngokushesha, kepha impisi ebusweni beqhwa futhi ngokushesha idonsa inyamazane yayo.

Abantu abasha bavame ukuba yizisulu zezimpungushe, imidlwane, imfene. Ukuba seqenjini, ama-roe deer anethuba elihle lokuthi angabanjwa ngabazingeli. Lapho isilwane esisodwa sibonisa i-alamu, ezinye ziyamangala bese zihlangana ngenqwaba. Uma isilwane esisodwa sibaleka, idiski yayo eyi-caudal ("isibuko") ibonakala kahle, bese baqondiswa abanye abantu.

Lapho abaleka, ama-roe deer ayakwazi ukweqa aze afike ku-7 m ubude, nama-2 m ukuphakama ngesivinini esingu-60 km / h. Ukusebenza kwamaxhaphozi akude, kudlula ibanga elingamamitha angama-400 endaweni evulekile namamitha ayi-100 ehlathini, aqala ukugijimisa imibuthano, efaka izilwane ezizingelayo. Ebusika obubanda kakhulu futhi buneqhwa, izilwane azikutholi ukudla futhi ziyafa yindlala.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: European Roe Deer

Kulezi zinsuku, izinyamazane zaseYurophu zisebenza ngamatekisi asengozini encane yokuqothulwa. Lokhu kwalekelelwa yizinyathelo ezithathwe eminyakeni yamuva ukuvikela izinhlobo. Ubuningi besibalo sabantu abwedluli kwezingama-25- 40 izilwane ngamahektha ayi-1000. Ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu, ingabuyisela inani layo uqobo, ngenxa yalokho, ivame ukwanda.

ICapreolus Capreolus yizinhlobo eziguqulwe kakhulu, zisuka kuwo wonke umndeni wakwaDeer, ezishintsheni ze-anthropogenic. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, ukwanda endaweni yomhlaba wezolimo, kunomthelela ekwandeni kwemvelo kwabantu. Maqondana nokwakhiwa kwezimo ezinhle zokuba khona kwazo.

Ensimini yeYurophu neRussia, inani labantu likhulu impela, kepha kwamanye amazwe ase-Middle East (eSyria) inani lincane futhi lidinga ukuvikelwa. Esiqhingini saseSisili, kanye nakwa-Israyeli naseLebanoni, lolu hlobo seluphelile. Emvelweni, isikhathi sokuphila esiphakathi kweminyaka eyi-12. Ezimweni zokwenziwa, ama-artiodactyls angaphila iminyaka eyi-19.

Ngokukhula okusheshayo ngokweqile, inani labantu liyazilawula. Ezindaweni ezikhungethwe yi-roe deer, zivame ukugula. Ngenxa yokwanda kwawo nobuningi bawo, phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zomndeni wezinyamazane kubaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiselwano. I-Suede yenziwa kusuka esikhunjeni, inyama iyisibalo sekhalori ephezulu.

Roe deer - inyamazane encane enomusa, eyaziwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwezohwebo. Emvelweni, inani labo liphakeme. Ngomhlambi omkhulu endaweni encane, kungadala ukulimala okukhulu kwizikhala eziluhlaza nezitshalo.Inenani elibalulekile lokuhweba (ngenxa yobuningi bawo) futhi lihlobisa ukubuka kwalo ngezilwane zasendle.

Okunye ukunikezwa:

I-Country Club "I-Atmosphere"

Isikhungo sokuzijabulisa "I-Prirechnoe"

I-Country Club "Inhlanhla"

Indawo yokudoba "ogwini lweVolga"

I-Fishing Club "I-Forest Fairy Tale"

I-Holiday Village "Windrose"

Indawo yokudoba "isigodi"

I-Holiday Village "Laguna"

I-Holiday Village "I-sunflower"

I-Holiday Village "Glade"

I-Holiday Village "u-Oriole"

Isikhungo sokuzijabulisa "I-trout yegolide"

Izindawo zokudoba kanye namakilabhu esifundeni seSaratov

Isikhungo sokuzijabulisa "Izindlebe Zezindlebe"

Ukudoba "KuKalinikha"

Isikhungo sokuzijabulisa iChardym-Dubrava

I-Volhinin Trout Ipulazi

Isikhungo sokuzijabulisa "Umkhathi"

Iholide Village "Hut"

Isikhungo sokuzijabulisa "Manor" Mountain Air "

Isikhungo sokuzijabulisa "Metalist"

Iklabhu yokudoba "i-Foreland"

Indawo yokuzingela "Big Tavolozhka"

I-Country Club "iBerezina Rechka"

I-Holiday Village "Umakhi Wezindlu"

Izilwane zesifunda Saratov

Izinyamazane zase-European roe, izinyamazane ezigwedayo, imbuzi yasendle noma inyamazane edonsa (i-lat. ICapreolus capreolus) ziyisilwane esinamagobolondo emhlane lomndeni wezinyamazane. Inyamazane emincane emincane enomzimba omfishane, ingemuva layo licishe likhulu futhi liphakeme kunangaphambili. Isisindo somzimba wesilisa singama-22-32 kg, ubude bomzimba buyi-108-126 cm, ukuphakama kwabuna kuba ngu-66-81 cm (3/5 we-whole body urefu). Abesifazane bancani ngandlela thile, kepha ngokwesimo sobulili ngokubanzi kuboniswa buthaka. Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, izingwebe zaseYurophu zabhebhetheka kabanzi endaweni engasentshonalanga yesifunda Saratov; kutholakala esifundeni seVolga ezigodini zemifula nasezihlathini zamahlathi. Kwathi maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwafakwa umgodi waseSiberia uCygargus emapulazini amaningana okuzingela, okuwathuthukisa ngempumelelo futhi aqala ukuzalanisa. I-roe deer deer yehlukile kuneyodwa yaseSiberia ngosayizi: yincane. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zisebenzisa indawo efanayo, zinezidingo ezifanayo zezemvelo, kepha inyamazane eyakhiwe ngamapulasitiki yaseSiberia ngokushesha, yabuyisela enye yaseYurophu indawo yayo yokuhlala. Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1970s, uhla lwezinyamazane zaseYurophu esifundeni belilokhu lincipha.

Idatha enembile ekusatshalaliswa kwamanje kwe-European roe deer ayitholakali, ngoba ezimweni eziningi kunzima ukuhlukanisa zombili lezi zinhlobo ngazinye ngezimpawu zangaphandle, akwaziwa ukuthi kuhlala kuphi izingwebe zaseYurophu. Entshonalanga yalesi sifunda, eminyakeni eyi-12-15 edlule, ukuhlangana kwabantu abathile kwezingulube zaseYurophu kuqoshwe emahlathini aseKhvalynsky, Bazarno-Karabulaksky, Baltaysky, Yekaterinovsky, Volsky, naseVoskresensky. Kwaqapheleka emahlathini asezikhukhuleni zemifula yaseMedveditsa (ezifundeni zase-Atkarsky naseLysogorsky), Khopra (Rtishchevsky, Arkadaksky, izifunda zaseTurkovsky), Volga (Marksovsky, Engelsky, Voskresensky district). Esifundeni seVolga, ama-roe deer atholakali emahlathini wesifunda saseBolshoi Irgiz eduze komngcele wesifunda sase Samara, endaweni yebhande lasehlathini lesifundazwe ngaphakathi kweKamenny Syrt futhi eningizimu yalo.

Izinhlobo ziluhlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu yesifunda seSaratov. Isimo sokuvikelwa: 4 - uhlobo oluyivelakancane, oluncane, olungafundwanga kahle olwaziwa ngabantu abaziwa ngalo. Ubuningi bezinhlobo namandla aso esifundeni seSaratov asifundwanga. Eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, ubuningi bezinhlobo ezimbili zodonsa buye bashintshashintsha amahlandla angama-2,5,5, noma kunjalo, ingxenye yohlobo ngalunye ngeke inqunywe. Amaconsi ngamanani adalwa ukudoba ngokweqile, ukuzingela ngokuqina, kanye nokungasebenzisi kwezinyathelo ze-biotechnological. Indima ebalulekile nayo idlalwa ngokwanda kwesibalo sezimpisi nezinja ezidukayo nobusika obunamaqhwa amaningi, lapho abantu ababuthakathaka befa ngenxa yokungondli.

Umsila ubudlebuli obude bufika ku-3 cm, ucishe ungabonakali, ufihliwe kuboya “besibuko”. Ikhanda lezimbuzi zasendle lifushane, lixhuma ekhaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibanzi futhi iphakeme endaweni yeso. Ekhanda lika-roe deer kunezindlebe ezi-oval eziqondile, ubude bazo abudluli ku-12-14 cm. Amehlo alezi zilwane makhulu, kanti abafundi basetwa ngokungacacile. I-Roe deer ingahamba ngokushesha phezu kwenhlabathi enzima ngenxa yemilenze yayo emide nemincane, imilenze yangaphambili imfushane kancanyana kunasemuva, ngenxa yokuthi umhlane uthambekele kancane phambili futhi i-oblium icishe ibe ngu-3 cm ukuphakama kunesihlakala.

Ijazi lezimbuzi zasendle lincike enkathini naseminyakeni. Izingane ezincane zimbozwe ngezinwele ezibomvana ngokubomvu namabala amhlophe. Ijazi lezinyosi ezindala ze-roe zingahluka kusuka kumbala obomvu onsomi ehlobo ehlobo kuya onsundu noma omnyama nomhlophe ebusika. Isembozo sasebusika sinezinwele ezinde ezingama-5-5,5 cm ubude nenombolo enkulu yemikhondo yomoya, okufaka isandla ekugcinweni kokushisa. Amadoda angama-roe kuphela anezimpondo, yize emincane futhi imvamisa awudluli ngo-30 cm ukuphakama. Uphondo ngalunye lunezinqubo ezi-3: maphakathi uqondiswe phambili, no-2 up. Kunezimpondo eziqala kakade sezinezinyanga ezi-4 ubudala, futhi zikhula ngokuphelele ngonyaka we-3. Izimpondo zilahlwa minyaka yonke ngo-Okthoba - Disemba, okokuqala ngabesilisa abadala, bese zenziwa ngabancane. Izimpondo ezintsha ziqala ukukhula emuva kokulibaziseka kwenyanga. Izimpondo zezinsikazi ezindala zifinyelela usayizi ophelele ngoMashi - Ephreli, ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, izimpondo ziqothulwe ngokuphelele, kanti abesilisa bagcwala kubo iziqu namagatsha ezihlahla, behlanza izinsalela zesikhumba.

Kunezindlala ezifuna ukuzilinganisa, izindlala zensimbi zakhiwe kahle, ziyahlukaniswa ngenxa yombala omnyama wezinwele ezikhula ngaphezulu kwazo, izindlala zangaphambi kokubeletha ziyimbala - imicu nje emincane yesikhumba engenalutho esisele kubo. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, emadodeni, izinduna ze-sebaceous nezithukuthuku zesikhumba nentamo zikhuphuka kakhulu, ngosizo lwazo zabesilisa eziyimfihlo zimaka le ndawo. Kwezinzwa, umqondo okhuliswe kakhulu wephunga nokuzwa. Umphezulu we-olildory wamakhala ka-roe ungaphezu kuka-90 cm2 (kubantu ngu-2,5 cm2 kuphela), isibalo samaseli okukhohlisa siyizigidi ezingama-300 (kubantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-30).

Ithanda, njengezindawo zokudla kakhulu, izindawo zehlathi eline-sparse, enothile ongaphansi kwesihlahla futhi izungezwe yizimbiwa namasimu, noma (ehlobo) izimbali ezinde ezigcwele utshani obukhulu. Sitholakala emalimbolekweni omhlanga, emahlathini angenamvula, ezindaweni ezigcwele kakhulu nezindawo ezishisiwe, ezigodini nasezindaweni ezigcwele kakhulu. Igwema amahlathi aqhubekayo, igcina eceleni kwemiphetho nangaphandle. Ingena esifundeni se-steppe ngokusebenzisa amabhande amahlathi.

I-Roe deer yizinhlobo zezinyamazane ezikhula phambili kunazo zonke. Izinsikazi ezindala ziletha ama-roe-deer amabili unyaka ngamunye, zibondle ubisi zize zibe cishe nezinyanga ezingama-6-8 ubudala futhi ziyishiya kuphela lapho sezilungiselela ukuba ngumama futhi. Izilwane ezisencane ezingakafiki eminyakeni eyi-1.5 zingena ekuzaleni futhi ezineminyaka emi-2 ziletha inzalo yazo yokuqala, imvamisa zakhiwa inyamazane eyodwa. Akuvamile ukuthi amacala aqoshwe lapho izinsikazi ezindala ziletha amawundlu amathathu noma amane.

Kusungulwe ukuthi izinyamazane zaseYurophu zinezikhathi ezimbili zokufundisa: ezokuqala - ngo-Agasti nezinye ezengeziwe - ngoZibandlela - kuJanuwari. Esikhathini sesibili, lezo zinsikazi lapho, noma ngasiphi isizathu, inqubo yokuzala ingazange ivele. Kulesi zinyamazane esinjalo, isikhathi sokukhulelwa sincishiswa saba izinyanga ezi-5 futhi sizala izingane ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile. Izinyamazane zabesilisa ziyakwazi ukuzala ukusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuJanuwari.

Ukuthola insikazi kushisa ngokuhogela, imbuzi idonsela amathole kuyo. AmaRoe deer awakheli ama-jozi aqinile ngesikhathi sokuzala, kepha azinazo izintethe ezinjengezinyamazane ezibomvu. Esezinyamazaneni zabesifazane, i-estrus idlula ngokushesha impela, ezinsukwini ezi-4 - 5. Ngemuva kokuqedwa kwayo, abesilisa bashiya insikazi bese bejaha beyofuna enye. Owesifazane ufuna amathole awashiyile futhi unawo kuze kube inzalo yonyaka olandelayo. Imvamisa abesilisa abasebenza kakhulu nabanamandla, okuthiwa abaphethe, bathwala iningi labesifazane. Lesi simo sihlukunyezwa ezindaweni ezinenombolo ephansi yenyoka noma lapho abesifazane bebaningi khona.

Ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokuzalela, amanye amaduna asala nowesifazane futhi namathole awajoyina. Amaqembu anjalo ezinyamazane ezivela kubantu abathathu kuya kwabane ajwayele ukutholakala ebusika bonke.

Izimo zokuba khona kwama-roe deer ekukhiqizweni kabusha, kanye nenani lezilwane ezisencane enzalweni yazo kuya ngezimo zokuphila, futhi ikakhulukazi ekubalulekeni nasekuchichazweni kokudla. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, izinsikazi ziletha izinyamazane ezimbili zama-roe unyaka ngamunye, yize ngokuzalwa kokuqala zivame ukuzala eyodwa.

Amathole eRoe avela ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho kukhona ukondla okwanele okumama. Ubisi lwe-Roe deer lunempilo kakhulu, liqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, amafutha, ushukela nezinye izinto ezidingekayo ukuze umzimba ukhule. Isisindo samathole sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamathole kuncike kakhulu esimweni sezulu, kanye nakwinani lamathole. Ukuzondla ngobisi kuhlala isikhathi eside, futhi uma inyamazane enamaqhude inethole elilodwa nje, khona-ke ithola umsoco owengeziwe futhi ikhula ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukwahlukanisa usayizi wethole elinezinyanga ezi-5 kumuntu oneminyaka eyi-1.5. AmaRoe deer ayatholakala futhi, asala ngemuva ekukhuleni kwawo futhi osisindo sawo siphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 kunesilinganiso. Imvamisa izilwane ezinjalo ziyafa ebusika bokuqala bezimpilo zazo.

Ukuqala ubusika amathole sekudala kakhulu, futhi eminyakeni ejwayelekile, ukufa kwawo kucishe kufane nokwezilwane ezindala. Kepha kuba nesimo esihlukile ebusika obusika obuneqhwa. Lapho-ke ama-dee deer abulawa kaningi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesizathu esithile aqanjiwe.

URoe deer waphawula ukutholakala kokuziphatha kwansuku zonke: izinkathi zamadlelo nokuhamba kwehluka ngezikhathi zokuhlafuna ukudla nokuphumula. Izikhathi ezinde kakhulu zomsebenzi wekuseni nakusihlwa, ziboshelwe ukuphuma kwelanga nokushona kwelanga. Ngokuvamile, isigqi sansuku zonke sokuphila kwe-roe deer sinqunywa yizinto eziningi: inkathi yonyaka, isikhathi sosuku, indawo yokuhlala yemvelo, ubungako bokukhathazeka, njll. Isibonelo, kubantu ababhekana nengcindezi enamandla ye-anthropogenic, umsebenzi we-roe deer ukhawulelwe kusihlwa kanye namahora wobusuku.

Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izilwane zisebenza kakhulu ebusuku nase kusihlwa, okuthi ngxenye ethile kube ngenxa yomsebenzi wezinambuzane eziphuza igazi, ebusika - ekuqaleni kosuku. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo, azondli kancane kunezinsuku ezipholile nezinethayo. Ebusika, esimweni sezulu seqhwa, ukondla, kunalokho, kuba isikhathi eside, kunciphisa izindleko zamandla. Inani elincane lemvula aliphazamisi ama-roe deer, kepha ngenkathi yezimvula ezinkulu noma amakhefu amakhulu eqhwa bacasha emashalofini. Ebusika, lapho kunesimo sezulu esinamandla, izinyamazane zama-roe zizama ukondla emaphethelweni wehlathi, ngaphandle kokuya obala.

Inhlangano yezenhlalo yabantu incike esikhathini sonyaka. Ehlobo, izinyamazane ezihlwaya kakhulu zihola indlela yokuphila yodwa noma yomndeni (abesifazane abanezalo), ebusika - iqembu lomndeni noma umhlambi (onamagundane nokufuduka). Isakhiwo sabantu siphinde sishintshe kakhulu unyaka wonke - ehlobo izilwane zihlakazeka ezindaweni zazo zonke, ebusika isakhiwo sendawo siyaphazamiseka kanti ama-roe deer agxila ezindaweni zokuzondla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ehlobo, indlela ezungeza ngayo ama-roe deer ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobulili nobudala.

Isikhathi sehlobo. Ihlanganisa isikhathi kusuka ngoMashi kuya ekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Okwamanje, izinyamazane ezinama-roues zizungeza kakhulu umhlaba futhi zinolaka. NgoMashi - Ephreli, amadoda amadala (aneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2 ubudala) ahlala ezifundeni zawo, kuthi abesifazane enyangeni yokugcina yokukhulelwa bathuthele ezindaweni zokuzalwa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwakheka komhlaba we-roe deer deer kuqinile kakhulu - uma uke wayohlala endaweni ethile, ama-roe deer ngokuvamile abuyele kuwo unyaka nonyaka.

Insimu yeduna, kuya ngezimo zokuphila ku-biotope ethile, ihluka kusuka kuma-2 kuye kwangama-200 ha. Imvamisa, izindawo zabesilisa ezingomakhelwane empeleni azigcwali, futhi kuphela ngesibalo esikhulu sabantu abasibekelanayo ingxenye yezindawo zokudla. Imingcele yezindawo ihlala yedlula futhi imakwe ngokukhishwa kwezindlala zangaphambili nezangaphakathi kwensimbi. Njengomthetho, abesilisa bayakugwema ukuya ezingosini zabanye abantu, kuphela ekupheleni kokwenza kwabo “izinkomba” zifuna izintokazi ezigelezayo, kodwa ekuqaleni kwesizini kufanele bavikele ilungelo lokuba nezindawo. Ama-aggressors ngokuvamile ayizinsizwa, kubandakanya nalawo avela emazweni angomakhelwane. Izingxabano phakathi komakhelwane besilisa abajwayelekile azivamile futhi zivame ukukhawulelwa ekubonisweni kwamandla okulula.

Izilwane zesifazane kuphela nezinsizwa zonyaka wamanje wokuzalwa ezingaphila kwisiza sowesilisa esidala. Umniniyo uxosha ngonya amadoda amadala asebekhulile esifundeni sawo, futhi ezimweni ezingama-58-90% kufanele athuthele lapho efuna indawo engekho. Ngezikhathi ezithile, izinsizwa ezincane zizulazula ehlobo lonke ezindaweni ezithile noma ziba abangane bendoda endala, zihambisana nayo kuze kube isikhathi sokuzala. Ngokuqondene nezinsikazi ezinonyaka owodwa, ziyaqabukela zifudukela kwamanye amazwe, futhi, njengomthetho, zithatha izindawo eziseduze komama.

Isimo sowesilisa sifaka okungenani iziza zokuzala ezingama-1-2, lapho abesifazane abakhulelwe beza ngokuzala. Owesifazane uvikela lesi siza ngendluzula, axoshe ezinye izinyamazane kuyo, kubandakanya inzalo eseyikhulile. Esakhiweni, insikazi imvamisa ihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuzala, ngesikhathi sokuzalela, incanca nowesilisa (noma abesilisa), lapho inkundla yakhe itholakala khona. Indawo yezindawo zokuzalela isukela ku-1 - ha ha ngesikhathi sokuzala iba ngu-70-180 ha ekupheleni kwesizini yehlobo, lapho kukhula ama-roe dets.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesifunda ukuhlakazwa kwabantu abasesikhathini kanye nokwenza buthaka komncintiswano wokudla kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nababambayo, okuandisa amathuba okusinda kwinzalo.

Isikhathi sebusika. Ngo-Okthoba, ubudlova bezinyamazane ezindala buyabonakala buthaka. Abesilisa bajikisa izimpondo zabo futhi bayeke ukumaka insimu. Amaqembu emindeni yasebusika aqala ukwakha - izintokazi ezincane zijoyina izintokazi nezingane (kufaka phakathi abesilisa abanonyaka owodwa abake bathuthela kwamanye amazwe). Kamuva, ezinye izinyamazane ezinama-roe, kufaka phakathi abesilisa abadala, zingajoyina iqembu, yize ngokuvamile laba bahlala ngokwehlukana ngisho nasebusika. Abaholi bamaqembu bangomama besifazane abadala. Amalungu eqembu avame ukunamathela ebusika bonke. Ema-biotopes asensimini, inani lezilwane eqenjini lingafinyelela abantu abangama-40-90; kuma-biotopes asehlathini, amaqembu ngezikhathi ezithile afaka izilwane ezingaphezu kuka-10-16.

Njengomthetho, ama-roe deer ebusika endaweni efanayo lapho andiza khona. Indawo yokuhlala kweqembu lasebusika ingamboza ama-300-500 ha, njengoba izilwane zihamba zifuna ukudla. Ngaphakathi kwendawo, izindawo zokudla ziyahlukaniswa, lapho ama-roe deer echitha iningi losuku. Okubi kakhulu lapho isimo sezemvelo siba sinkudlwana, lapho amaqembu eba makhulu futhi inyamazane ebanzi iyahamba ibhungane ifuna ukudla. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokumboza iqhwa lidlula umkhawulo othile (amasentimitha angama-50), inyamazane yama-roe ingahlala cishe endaweni amasonto athile.

Amaqembu ebusika ahlala kuze kube uMashi - Ephreli, kancane kancane ehlukana. Abesilisa abadala baqala ukulwa babuya emaqenjini kusuka ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, yize kwesinye isikhathi ngoJanuwari - Mashi ungathola amaqembu ahlanganisa abesilisa kuphela. Isikhathi eside kunazo zonke, cishe kuze kube uMeyi, imindeni ihlala - izintokazi ezinomntwana omncane ononyaka owodwa.

Esimweni ezolile, ama-roe deer ashukumisela endaweni ethambile noma edoti, uma kwenzeka ingozi egijima ngokungahambi kahle ifike kumamitha angama-4 - 7 ubude nge-frequency bouncing iqonde phezulu ngo-1.5-2 m. Ijubane lokugijima kwenyamazane endala eyi-60 km / h - ngaphezu kwejubane le-lynx noma impisi, kepha ukugijima kufushane: endaweni evulekile, ukuphazamiseka kwama-roe deer kuvame ukugijima ku-300-400 m, ehlathini eliminyene 75-100 m, ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukwenza imibuthano, bedida abaxosha. Inyamazane yensimbi ihamba ngezinyathelo ezincane, imisa kaningi ukulalela. Ekuhlanganeni kwendawo enamafutha amancane, iya ku-lynx. Ngendlela efanayo, abesilisa be-roe bajikeleza insimu yabo nsuku zonke. AmaRoe deer alungile, kepha hhayi ukubhukuda okusheshayo. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane, abakwazi ukubekezelela ikhava ephezulu yeqhwa (ngaphezu kwama-40-50 cm), ebusika bazama ukuhamba ezindleleni noma emigwaqweni yezilwane. Eqhweni elijulile, indlela yansuku zonke yokudla kwama-roe deer iyancishiswa isuka ku-1.5-2 iye ku-0.5-1 km. Ukuqhekeka kweqhwa phezu kweqhwa lapho bakhonkotha khona kuyingozi kakhulu enyamazaneni.

Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-900 zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zilungele ukudotshwa kwama-roe defer; preference inikezwa ama-dicotyledonous herbaceous kanye namahlumela amasha ezihlahla noma izihlahlana. Futhi phakathi nosuku, ama-roe deer adla izikhathi ezi-5 kuye kwezingu-11.

Ngenxa yenani layo elikhulu, i-roe deer ngummeleli odumile kakhulu wokuzingela nokudoba womndeni wezinyamazane e-Eurasia. Inyama ye-Roe deer iyadliwa futhi ine-khalori ephezulu, isikhumba kufanelekile ukwenza i-suede, izimpondo ziyindondo yokuzingela ebalulekile.

Kubukeka kanjani

Inyamazane yaseYurophu yase-Roe iyinyathi encane enomusa.Isisindo sabesilisa singama-22-40 kg, ubude bomzimba buyi-108-136 cm, ukuphakama lapho kubuna kungamasentimitha angama-75-92. Owesifazane mncane kakhulu kunabesilisa. Umsila umfishane kakhulu (2-3 cm). Izimpondo zabesilisa zincane impela (15-30 cm cm, 10- cm wide), zinama-tubercles amaningi - "amaparele", izinsikazi azinazimpondo. Ebusika, umbala wesilo ungwevu noma onsundu ngombala, ehlobo ubomvu. Izinyamazane ezisanda kuzalwa zibonwe.

Indlela yokuphila

Ukudla kwama-roe deer kuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-900. Ehlobo ikakhulukazi amakhambi ahlukahlukene. Ebusika, amahlumela ikakhulukazi nezihlahla zezihlahla nezihlahla kuya ekudleni. Eminyakeni yokuvuna, izingulube ze-roe eziningi kakhulu zidla ama-acorn, amantongomane we-beech kanye nama-chestnut, ukumba ngaphandle kweqhwa. Izilwane ziya emasimini ziyokhipha utshani nezinsalela zezitshalo ezingcolile - ummbila, umhlwa, ushukela, amazambane. Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwama-European roe deer ngokwesilinganiso kufaka kusuka ku-1.5-2,5 kg kuya ku-4 kg wesisindo semvelo eluhlaza.

Kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba, abesilisa abangama-roe bagcoba izimpondo zabo ezihlahleni nasegatsheni lezihlahla. Ngakho-ke bamaka insimu, bexwayisa izimbangi zabo ukuthi isayithi selivele lihlaselwe. Indima ebalulekile empilweni ye-roe deer idlalwa ngezibonakaliso ezizwakalayo: ukushaya ikhwela nokushaya izinyawo kuveza ukukhathazeka, ukumemeza kukhombisa injabulo enkulu, ukukhonkotha kuveza ukukhathazeka, futhi ukugoqa kuyisibonakaliso esikhishwe isilwane esibanjiwe.

Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izilwane zisebenza kakhulu ebusuku nase kusihlwa, ebusika - ekuqaleni kosuku. Ebusika, esimweni sezulu seqhwa, ukondla isikhathi eside.

Ehlobo, izinyamazane ezinamakhaza eziningi zihola indlela yokuphila eyodwa noma ebusheni (abesifazane nabazukulwana), futhi ebusika - umhlambi. Emasimini nasezinkampanini, inani lezilwane eziseqenjini lingafinyelela abantu abangama-40-90, futhi emahlathini aleli qembu ngezikhathi ezithile afinyelela izilwane ezingaphezu kuka-10-15.

Uma enye yezinyamazane zisebenza ngokuxakeka, enye inyamazane yensimbi ishaqeka ngokushesha, yeka uklaba udle ubhule. Ukundiza kwesilwane esisodwa kuvame ukuba uphawu lwengozi, kuyilapho “kunesibuko” esibonakalayo - ibala loboya obumhlophe eliseduze nomsila.

Izinyamazane ezishaywa luvalo zihamba ngokungagudluki kuze kube ngu-4- m m ubude futhi ngesinye isikhathi ziya phezulu ngo-1.5-2 m. Inyamazane endala ye-roe igijima cishe ngo-60 km / h, kodwa ukugijima kwayo kuyifushane: ekuvulekeni, imvamisa ihamba ngama-300-400 m, obukhulu ihlathi - 75-100 m, emva kwalokho liqala ukwenza imibuthano, lidida abaxosha. Lezi zinyamazane ezincane zibhukuda kahle.

Izitha eziyinhloko zezinyamazane eziyizimpisi yizimpisi nama-lynxes, izinja ezidukelayo, amabhele ansundu, izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zohlobo lwe-roe deer ziqothula izimpungushe, amabheji, izinja ze-raccoon, ama-martens, amakati amahlathi, izinkozi zegolide, izikhova zasendle. AmaRoe deer anesikhathi sokuphila iminyaka engaba yiminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kweli-12, yize abanye abantu basinda endalweni kuya kowe-15 kuya ku-17 nasekudingisweni kweminyaka engu-19-25.

Encwadini Ebomvu YaseRussia

I-roe deer deer ibhalwe ku-Red Book of the Saratov and Tula district of the Russian Federation. Izici ezinomkhawulo main ukuphathwa okungafanele nokuzingela, kanye nokwanda kwesibalo sezimpisi esifundeni Saratov. Ngokusho kwe-IUCN ngezigaba, i-roe deer deer ibhekise kwi-taxa yengozi encane. Ngokukhuphuka ngokweqile kobukhulu benyamazane yenyamazane, inani labantu lilawula ubuningi balo: ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ukubulawa kwezilwane okukhulu okuvela ezifweni, ikakhulukazi kusuka kuma-helminthiases.

Ngenxa yenani layo elikhulu le-dee deer - ummeleli wokuzingela nokudoba owaziwa kakhulu womndeni wezinyamazane e-Eurasia

Umsoco

Ukudla kuqukethe kuphela ukudla komsuka wezitshalo. Ama-undulates adla utshani, amaqabunga ezihlahla nezihlahla, amahlumela amasha, izithelo namajikijolo. Emasimini asepulazini, athanda ukudlela okusanhlamvu nezilimo zezimpande.

Imenyu yabo ifaka izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-135.

Usuku, isilwane esisodwa esidala sidla kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-4 kg wokudla. Ithanda ikakhulukazi ama-blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus), Parisian bipartite (Circaceae lutetiana), Woodpecker (Stachys sylvatica), pikulnik (Galeopsis tetrahit) ojwayelekile, i-alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus) noHeather (Calluna).

Iqiniso elihehayo

Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, izinyamazane zabesilisa zingakhulisa izimpondo ezingekho emthethweni ngesimo sezikhulumi ezimbili (futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nezisodwa) ngaphandle kwezengezo. Izilwane ezinje ziyingozi enkulu kwabanye abesilisa. Ngesikhathi sezimpi ezingokwesiko, izimpondo zazo azingenisi ukunamathela ngezimpondo zesitha futhi zivame ukubhoboza umphikisi. AmaRoe deer kwesinye isikhathi abizwa ngokuthi izimbuzi zasendle. Kodwa-ke, lesi silwane asinakwenza lutho ngezimbuzi.

Ukuzala

Ukuthomba kwenzeka lapho eneminyaka engaba mibili. Abesilisa abashadile okokuqala ngqa kunangaphambi kweminyaka engama-3-4, lapho beqina ngokwanele ukunqoba izimbangi zabo.

Ukugibela ezindaweni eziningi zohla kuqala Agasti. I-Estrus kwabesifazane ihlala cishe amahora angama-36. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa okuphumelelayo, ukukhula kombungu kusheshe kuyeke futhi kuqale kabusha ngoDisemba.

Ukukhulelwa sekuphelele kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-280 kuya kwezingama-290. Owesifazane uletha amawundlu owodwa noma amabili anesisindo esingu-1000-1500 g.

Amathathu awavamile kakhulu. Izingane zipendiwe ngombala onsundu. Kukhona amabala amhlophe emuva nangezinhlangothini. Lo mbala ufihlakala ngokwemvelo futhi uyanyamalala njengoba ukhula.

Kwezinsuku zokuqala, inyamazane yodoti ifihlwe emathangeni otshanini obomile noma esihlahleni. Owesifazane uza kuye kuphela ukuzokondla. Lapho umntwana eqinile, ulandela unina futhi ajoyine umhlambi kamama. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Umbuso: Izilwane (Animalia).
Uhlobo: AmaChordates (Chordata).
Ibanga: AmaMammals (amaMammalia).
Isigcawu: I-Artiodactyls (Artiodactyla).
Umndeni: UDeser (Cervidae).
Ubulili: URoe Deer (Сapreolus).
Buka: I-European Roe Deer (iCapreolus capreolus).

Ukubukeka kwe-European Roe Deer

Umzimba wenyamazane yama-roe yaseYurophu umfushane - amasentimitha ayi-108 kuya ku-126, ukuphakama kuwo kufinyelela amasentimitha angama-66-81. Abesilisa banesisindo esingu-22-32 kilos. AmaRoe deer ahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho makhulu. Ubude bomsila ngamasentimitha amathathu, cishe abubonakali, bufihlekile kuboya.

I-European Roe Deer (iCapreolus capreolus).

Ikhanda lesikhumba sezinyawo zaseYurophu limfushane, ekhaleni liba mncane, futhi eduze kwamehlo libanzi kakhulu. Izindlebe zikhombe, okusaqanda, ubude bazo ngamasentimitha ayi-12-16. Amehlo abo makhulu ngezinsikazi ezibucayi.

Imilenze yezinyamazane zaseYurophu zinezinyawo futhi zinde, ngakho-ke zingagijima ngokushesha. Ukuzwa nomuzwa wephunga kulezi zilwane kukhona kakhulu.

Ijazi liyashintsha kuya ngesikhathi, ibanga nobudala bezilwane. Umbala wezinyamazane ezincane zohlaza ubomvu-nsundu onamabala amhlophe.

Umbala wensimbi yabantu abadala ungaba bomvu ehlobo, bese kuthi ebusika ube mnyama ube mhlophe. Ijazi lasebusika liqukethe izinwele ezinohlonze ezinenombolo enkulu yemikhondo yomoya ebambe umoya, ubude bezinwele ezinjalo bunamasentimitha angama-5-5,5.

Izimpondo zihlobisa kuphela amakhanda abesilisa, isikhathi esiningi azidluli ngamasentimitha angama-30. Uphondo ngalunye lunezinqubo ezi-3: uphondo oluphakathi luqondiswe phambili, kanti olunye luye phezulu. Izimpondo ziqala ukukhula ekuqaleni kwezinyanga ezi-4, futhi zakhiwa ngokuphelele ngonyaka we-3.

Ububanzi be-European Roe Deer

Lezi zilwane zihlala eYurophu, kufaka phakathi iPeninsula yaseScandinavia, futhi zihlala eRussia, eCaucasus, eCiscaucasia naseAsia ngokwengxenye.

Kwa-Israyeli naseLebanon, inyamazane yaseYurophu yanyamalala, futhi yabhujiswa esiqhingini saseSisily. Lezi zilwane zitholakala e-Albania, e-Austria, e-Belarus, e-Italy, e-Georgia, eLithuania, ePoland, eNetherlands, eMonaco, eFrance, eRomania, eCzech Republic, eSweden nakwamanye amazwe.

Inyamazane yaseYurophu yase-Roe iyinyamazane encane enomusa.

Emngceleni osenyakatho-mpumalanga (i-Ural ridge), le nhlobo iwela umngcele ogwini lwaseSiberia, ngenxa yalokho kunezindlela zokushintsha kulezi zindawo.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ne-European roe deer

• Ngezizathu ezingacacile, kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa bakhulisa izimpondo ezingekho emthethweni - ngaphandle kokugcotshwa. Abesilisa abanjalo bayingozi kakhulu ezihlotsheni zabo, ngoba ngesikhathi sempi yamasiko, izimpondo zabo azihambelani nezimpondo zesitha, futhi zingamgwaza zidlule.

• Kwesinye isikhathi izimbungulu zaseYurophu zibizwa ngokuthi izimbuzi zasendle, kepha azihlangene nezimbuzi.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane ezingakholwayo, ama-roe deer deer avumelaniswa kangcono nabantu abaguqukayo bendawo.

Inani lezinyamazane zaseYurophu

Kuze kube manje, le nhlobo ingeyezilwane ezisengozini enkulu. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, izindlela zokuzivikela ziye zenziwa ngenkuthalo, ngenxa yokuthi izinyamazane zaseYurophu ziye zavama kakhulu. Ubuningi bezinhlobo zizonke buye bande.

Inani eliphakeme lezinyamazane libonwa eCentral Europe, lapho imfuyo ilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-15, kuthi kuma-80s isibalo asidlange izigidi eziyi-7.5. Kodwa-ke, inani labantu baseSyria liyivelakancane futhi kudingeka livikelwe.

I-European roe deer iseNcwadini ebomvu yezifunda zaseTula naseSaratov.

AmaRoe deer ayancipha ngenxa yokuzingela ngokweqile. Kepha ngokuvamile, ngenxa yokuqina okuphezulu, inyamazane yaseYurophu ebomvu, phambi kwezindawo ezifanele, ibuyise izinombolo zayo kahle.

Ukubaluleka kwezentengiso kwenyamazane yaseYurophu

Njengoba ama-roe deer amaningi, anenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuhweba phakathi komndeni wakwaDeer. Inyama yalezi zilwane iphezulu kilojoule. Benza i-suede baphume ngezikhumba zabo. Futhi izimpondo zezinyamazane zaseYurophu zibhekwa njengendondo yokuzingela ebalulekile.

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Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala ngamasentimitha angama-93-130. Ukuphakama kokubuna ngamasentimitha angama-60- 88. Isisindo singama-15-16 kg. URoe, ohlala enyakatho yebanga, makhulu futhi anzima kunabalingani bawo aseningizimu. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayikho ngosayizi. Abesilisa kuphela abanezimpondo.

Ehlobo, iba nsundu ngombala obomvu, bese kuthi ebusika kube nsundu. Izindlebe zide, zifinyelela ku-14 cm ubude.I- "Mirror" imhlophe ebusika, bese ehlobo iba mdaka omhlophe noma ophuzi.

Indawo ezungeze i-muzzle imnyama, iziqaqa ezimhlophe zibonakala ngenhla komlomo ophezulu. Izimpondo ziqukethe iziphetho ezi-2-3. Abesilisa bayalahla lapho sekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuzala.

Isikhathi sokuphila endle asidluli iminyaka eyi-12. Ekuthunjweni, inyamazane yaseYurophu yaphila iminyaka eyi-17.