Pollock (I-Latin Gadus chalcogrammus, also Theragra chalcogramma) - izinhlanzi ezibandayo ezithanda ukubanda zomndeni we-cod. Izinhlanzi ezivame kakhulu eNyakatho Pacific.

Ukubukeka

Ubude bomzimba obukhulu bungama-91 cm, futhi isisindo singama-5 kg, ubude besikhathi sokuphila yiminyaka eyi-15.

• amaphini amathathu e-dorsal
• i-antenna amafushane kakhulu ngaphansi komlomo ophansi,
• amaphiko we-ventral akhiwe ngaphambi kwe-pectoral.
• Umbala onsundu.
• amehlo amakhulu

Indlela yokuphila

Le nhlanzi ihlala emanzini abandayo (ukusuka 2 kuya ku-9 ° C), ithanda ukujula kusuka kumamitha angama-200 kuye kwangama-300, yize ingahambisa, yehlela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-500-700 futhi ngokujula. UPollock uhlala cishe iminyaka eyi-15-16. Ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka, i-pollock isondela ogwini, ibhukuda emanzini angajulile ngokujula kwamamitha angama-50-100. Ukuzilungiselela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zoLwandlekazi iPacific kuqala ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Ngakho-ke ukuqhekeka kwe-pollock oLwandle iBering kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo (Mashi kuya kuSeptemba), ngasogwini lwaseKorea - ebusika nasentwasahlobo (ngoNovemba kuya ku-Mashi), eKamchatka - entwasahlobo. Kulokhu, izinsikazi zingavela ngisho nangamazinga okushisa aphansi (- 1.8 ° C). I-Caviar iba ngengqimba engaphezulu kwamamitha angama-50.

I-Pollock ifinyelela ekukhulelweni kweminyaka yobudala engama-3-4, ngenkathi ifinyelela kubuningi bayo obukhulu, futhi obuhlukahluka ezindaweni ezihlukene zokuhlala kwezinhlanzi (kusuka ku-2,5 kuye ku-5 kg).

Kanye nezinye izinyamazane ezihlasela i-pelagic (i-mackerel, i-cod, i-tuna, i-mackerel yamahhashi) zithola ukudla ngamazinga e-trophic ahlukene. : 46 Pollock feed ikakhulukazi kuma-planktonic crustaceans. Njengoba ikhula, i-pollock iqala ukondla inyamazane enkulu, okuyizinhlanzi ezincane (i-capelin, i-Asia smelt) kanye ne-squid. Phakathi kwe-pollock, kunezimo ze-cannibalism - ukudla izibungu kanye nefry yezinhlobo zazo.

Habitat

Kuyamangaza lokho Izinhlanzi zePollock azisemifula, kepha zasolwandle, zivame ukutholakala emanzini olwandle. Indawo esatshalaliswa kakhulu iyizindawo ezisenyakatho zoLwandlekazi iPacific kanye ne-Atlantic, kepha ingatholakala naseningizimu, ngokwesibonelo, ogwini lweNhlonhlo YaseKorea.

Isimo esiyinhloko sokuvumbulula okuphilayo sithathwa njengokushisa kwamanzi. Le nhlanzi ingazizwa ilungile kuphela lapho amanzi engafudumali ngaphezu kwe-10 degrees.

I-Pollock ngokwayo iyisidlakudla esidla ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincane, isibonelo, i-squid, i-smelt noma i-capelin, kanye nabantu abancane esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula kwabo bakhetha ipulankton ehlukahlukene.

Indawo yokuhlala yovoti ichaza iqiniso lokuthi angahlala kuphela emanzini anosawoti yingakho ulwandle, hhayi inhlanzi yasemfuleni. Futhi konke okumfanele njengokudla kungatholakala kuphela olwandle oluvulekile, futhi kaningi olwandle, ngaphezu kwalokho, njengomthetho, emabangeni amakhulu ukusuka ogwini.

Izimayini zezentengiso

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuze kube muva nje ivayolini ibithathwa njengendawo yokudla enenani eliphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, muva nje ukukhiqizwa kwayo bekukhula ngokuqinile futhi ngandlela thile kuze kufinyelele nakweminye imiqondo yokuthi i- "green" ikhalise i-alamu.

Inani eliphakeme lokudoba lePollock lafika ngonyaka we-2009lapho inhlanzi enkulu kangaka ibanjwa lapho abamele iGreenpeace baqala ukukhuluma ngamathemba okuqothula inani labantu uma ukudoba kuqhubeka iminyaka enjalo ilandelana. Ngemuva kwalokho izinhlangano eziningi zemvelo zaphakamisa umbuzo wesidingo sokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi.

Izinyathelo ezithathwe ngemuva kwalokhu zavumela ukuthi ivoti lisuswe kude nomkhawulo wokubhujiswa, yize namuhla, phakathi kwalawo anjenge-cod, kuseyinhlanzi edotshwe kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa noma kunjalo, mayelana nokubhujiswa kwenkulumo manje akunjalo futhi lokhu kukhuthaza izazi zemvelo ngethemba.

Inani lokudla okunempilo nokusebenzisa ekuphekeni

Njenganoma yikuphi ulwandle, hhayi izinhlanzi zasemfuleni, i-pollock Inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi. Okokuqala, yi-potassium ne-phosphorus, njengezinto eziphambili zomkhondo ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama ye-pollock inothile ku-iodine nama-amino acid, kanti isibindi sayo siqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini A namafutha, okuwusizo olukhulu kubantu, ngoba aluthwa kalula.

Futhi nokho, ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zayo ezisebenzayo, i-pollock ayisasetshenziswa kakhulu ngendlela efile ngayo, njengokuthi, ezinye izinhlanzi ze-cod ezihlobene nayo. Inyama yePollock ngokuyinhloko icutshungulwa ngemikhiqizo ye-offal ne-semi.

Isibonelo, benza okulingiswa kwenyama yecuba kuyo, namuhla eligcwele amashalofu azo zonke izitolo zaseRussia, kanye nezikhala zokudla okusheshayo - Imikhiqizo eseqediwe yipovlock ivame kakhulu phakathi kwemikhiqizo yomkhiqizo odumile womhlaba weMcDonald.

Futhi i-pollock isomile noma yomisiwe - lokhu kukhiqizwa kusungulwe kahle eChina. Imikhiqizo enjalo ingatholwa ikakhulukazi ezitolo ezikhethekile, ngokwesibonelo, lapho zithengisa khona isidlo esihlukile sebhiya. I-Pollock caviar nayo iyavunwa, yona ithengiswa ngohlobo olunosawoti kakhulu.

Indawo

• Ugu lwase-Asia luseJapan, Okhotsk naseBering Seas.
• Ugu lwaseMelika - Ulwandle iBering, Alaska Bay, Monterey Bay.
• Amanzi olwandle - aya eSangarsky Strait, angavamile ukutholwa eningizimu.
• Ukutholwa okusondelene kwatholakala olwandle lweBarents - Atlantic Pollock (I-Theragra finnmarchica).

Okuqukethwe kwekhalori

Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwefilimu eluhlaza kungu-72.3 kcal nge-100 g. Uma ushisa inhlanzi, sithola:

• pollock okuthosiwe epanini - 275.9 kcal,
• ubanjiwe - 77,9 kcal,
• okubilisiwe - 74.1 kcal,
• i-stewed - 70.8 kcal,
• yomile - 221.6 kcal,
• kubhakwe kuhhavini - 85.6 kcal.

I-pollock roe nge-100 g inenani lekhalori lika-133.1 kcal, nesibindi - 473.8 kcal. Ubisi - 91.2 kcal nge-g 100. Abantu abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba kufanele bakhethe inhlanzi ebilisiwe noma ebanjiwe.

Ukudoba

Phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezinjenge-cod ezinjenge-World Ocean Ocean, i-pollock ithatha isikhundla esiphambili ngokwemikhiqizo yokukhiqiza. I-Pollock ifakwa ezimbizeni kanye namanetha ahleliwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukubanjwa kwe-pollock nosayizi wezinhlanzi ezibanjiwe kuxhomeke ekukhiqizeni kwezizukulwane, isimo sabantu kanye nesikhathi sokudoba. Ku-RF zone, ubukhulu bokudoba ubuncane buyi-20 cm.

Maphakathi nawo-1980s, umhlaba wabamba izimbotshana zafinyelela cishe kumathani ayisigidi eziyisikhombisa, ingxenye yokubanjwa yayivela kwa-USSR yangaphambili. Kanye nokuphephuka okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwe-Atlantic, ukungcoliswa kwePacific ngaphambili bekuthathwa njengomthombo wenani elincane lokudla okunempilo. : 39

Ngeminyaka yama-1990s, ukubanjwa kwemikhumbi akuzange kudlule kumathani ayizigidi ezi-5: 49, kwathi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesithathu kwehla kumathani ayizigidi eziyisi-2,5,2,9. yenqaba ukuthenga nokudla i-pollock kanye nemikhiqizo evela kuyo.

Ngo-2015, ukubanjwa kwe-pollock yaseRussia kwafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,623, okuyi-6.9% ukwedlula ngonyaka we-2014. Ngo-2016, ukudotshwa kwe-pollock kwafinyelela okungenani amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.74. Ukubanjwa kwePollock eRussia kubala ama-42,5% ekubanjisweni kwezokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi. Kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.9 yemikhiqizo yezinhlanzi ethunyelwa kusuka eRussia, umholi unqandwe yiqhwa; ngonyaka we-2016, amanani awo okudla afinyelela kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-782, noma ama-53.3% wesakhiwo sokuhlinzekwa, ukukhuphuka okungu-1.6% uma kuqhathaniswa nowe-2015.

Umkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu ongenisa impahla ezweni waseRussia yiNingizimu Korea, ayithenga ngonyaka wezi-2016 ngenani lama- dollar ayizigidi ezingama-85, okuyimali efinyelela kuma-96,8% yenani eliphelele lokuthumela kwalo mkhiqizo livela eRussia. Phakathi kwamazwe e-EU, abangenisi abakhulu kakhulu bezindawo zokuvota abavela eRussia naseChina iGermany, iPoland neNetherlands. I-pollock yaseRussia ishibhile kunaleyo edotshwa abadobi baseMelika e-Alaska, lokhu kumsizile ukuthi athole isabelo semigidi engama- $ 200 emakethe yezasekhaya yaseMelika ngonyaka ka-2019.

Inani lokudla okunempilo

Inani lokudla kwenhlanzi nge-100 g:

• amaprotheni - 16.1 g
• carbohydrate - 0 g
• amafutha - 0,8 g
• amanzi - 82,8 g
• i-fiber yokudla - 0 g.

Ukwakheka kwe-pollock BZHU nge-100 g yecala:

Ukusuka etafuleni kuyacaca ukuthi kungani isibindi sekhalori senhlanzi siphakeme kangaka, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi amafutha aqukethe inhlanzi azoba wusizo kuphela uma uwadla ngokulinganisela.

Izici eziwusizo ze-pollock

Ngokusetshenziswa ngokulinganisela, i-pollock izoba ngumkhiqizo olusizo lomzimba:

1. Ngenxa yezakhi zomzimba eziyingxenye yomkhiqizo, ukusakazeka kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala kwezitho zangaphakathi, ulwelwesi lwama-mucous nezikhumba zesikhumba emzimbeni.
2. Kwabhemayo, i-pollock izoba ngumkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngenxa yokudla okuningana kwezakhi zomzimba, umphumela we-nicotine emaphashini uvinjiwe.
3. Ukusetshenziswa njalo komkhiqizo kusheshisa i-metabolism, kuvimbela ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwezinzwa, kunciphisa umthelela omubi wokuxineka empilweni.
4. Umkhiqizo wehlisa i-cholesterol bese ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo esifana ne-atherossteosis.
5. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-potassium ekwakhiweni kwayo, uketshezi oluningi luyasuswa emzimbeni, ngenxa yalokho ukudlulela kudlula.
6. I-Pollock fillet ilusizo ikakhulukazi kubantu abahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma abasengozini. Izinto ezilusizo ziqinisa imithambo yegazi futhi ziqinise izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo. Umkhiqizo unconyelwa ukusetshenziselwa ukunqanda izifo zezifo zenhliziyo - lokhu kuyiqiniso kubantu abahlale bechayeka emisebenzini eyengeziwe yomzimba.
7. Kune-iodine eningi enhlanzini, ngenxa yokuthi i-thyroid gland ithuthukisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga elanele le-iodine emzimbeni womuntu lizokhulisa amandla futhi lithuthukise inhlala-kahle yonkana.
8. Ukusetshenziswa kwenhlanzi okuhlelekile kuzoqinisa amasosha omzimba futhi kwandise ukuzivikela komzimba ezifweni ezithathelwanayo.
9. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwamaprotheni, i-pollock isiza abasubathi ukwakha izicubu zomzimba futhi ibuyisele amandla emuva kokuqeqeshwa.

Ngokusho kwezinye izifundo, izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezisetshenziswa njalo kunciphisa ubungozi bomdlavuza.

Izinzuzo zesibindi sePollock

Izinzuzo zesibindi se-pollock esikhathini se-postoperative ziphawuleka ikakhulukazi - ekudleni kukhona ukugcwala okwandisiwe kwamafutha acid, okubuyisela amandla nokukhulisa amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo uthinta kahle:

• umzimba emzimbeni,
• uhlelo lokuzala
• umbono,
• isimo samazinyo, amathambo namazipho,
• umsebenzi we-thyroid
• umsebenzi wohlelo lwe-hematopoietic,
• uhlelo lwenhliziyo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibindi siwusizo ekudleni ebusika, lapho umzimba uhlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamavithamini.

Izinzuzo ze-caviar yezinhlanzi

Ukwakheka komkhiqizo kucebile nge-folic acid, amavithamini B no-E, kanye ne-phosphorus, potassium, calcium ne-magnesium. Umkhiqizo awuthinti kuphela umsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi, kodwa futhi usetshenziswa abesifazane ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa.

I-Caviar ithinta umzimba ngesimo se:

• ukwenza ngcono uhlelo lokuphefumula,
• ukululama okusheshayo ngemuva kokugula okungathi sína noma okuhlala isikhathi eside,
• ukuhlinzeka ngomzimba ngama-macro- ama-microelements abalahlekile, kanye namavithamini.

Njengomkhiqizo wokugcoba, i-caviar isetshenziselwa ukwenza imaski yobuso, evuselela isikhumba futhi ibenze bucwebe ngokwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, i-caviar enosawoti ayilungele inqubo futhi ayizuzi lukhulu, njenge-caviar ethosiwe.

Imiphumela emzimbeni

I-Pollock inethonya lokwelapha emzimbeni wabesilisa nabesifazane:

1. Ukusetshenziswa okuhleliwe komkhiqizo kuzosusa izinsimbi ezisindayo, imikhiqizo yokubola kanye nobuthi emzimbeni.
2. Inhlanzi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal futhi ivimbele ukuchobozwa kwamazinyo.
3. Ngokudla i-pollock njalo, usiza izitho ezibonakalayo. Umkhiqizo wehlisa ubunzima beso futhi uvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zamehlo. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokubonga uvithamini A.
4. I-Pollock yehlisa ushukela wegazi, osebenza njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela, kanye nengxenye esekelayo ekwelapheni lesi sifo.
5. Uma udla izinhlanzi okungenani amahlandla ambalwa ngesonto, uzothuthukisa inqubo yokuvuthwa kwamangqamuzana egazi.
6. Umkhiqizo usiza ngokuphelele ukubuyisela amandla ngemuva kokugula okungathi sína noma ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba, kanye nemisebenzi ehambisana nomsebenzi owengeziwe wobuchopho.
7. Ngenxa yokwakheka komkhiqizo ocebile womkhiqizo, ukusebenza kobuchopho kuyathuthuka, ukugxila kanye nokwanda kokunaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pollock ithinta kahle inkumbulo.
8. Inhlanzi inomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lokuzala kuwo womabili amadoda nabesifazane, yandisa i-potency futhi ikhulisa amathuba okukhulelwa.
9. Izinto ezizuzisayo ezakha umkhiqizo zithuthukisa isimo samazipho futhi zisheshise ukukhula kwezinwele.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, i-pollock ithuthukisa ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu, iqinisa ama-ligaments kanye ne-cartilage.

Imiphumela elimazayo

Uma kwenzeka ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinhlanzi, kanye nokungabekezelelani ngakunye kokudla kwasolwandle noma komzimba, kunengozi yemiphumela emibi yomkhiqizo empilweni yabantu.

Contraindication ukusetshenziswa kwe-pollock:

• umfutho wegazi ophakeme - lokhu kusebenza kwezinhlanzi ezithosiwe noma ezinosawoti kanye ne-caviar, ezingakhuphula umfutho wegazi,
• uhlobo olubi lwezifo zamapheshana emathunjini,
• isibindi se-pollock kufanele silahlwe ngegayimitha yokugaya inyama eshisiwe,
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele badle inhlanzi enosawoti noma eyomisiwe, ngoba ingabhebhethekisa ukukhukhumala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yikuphi ukudla kwasolwandle kuyakwazi ukuqongelela izinsimbi ezisindayo eziyingozi empilweni. Ngalesi sizathu, awukwazi ukudla i-pollock eluhlaza noma usebenzise kabi umkhiqizo, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekutheni ubuthi be-zebaki.

Isiphetho

I-Pollock ingumkhiqizo wokudla onempilo osiza abesifazane ukuba banciphise isisindo, kanye nabasubathi besilisa ukwakha izicubu ezinhle. Izinhlanzi, i-caviar, kanye nesibindi zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha kanye nokugcoba, okwenza umkhiqizo ungabi nemfucuza. Kunezindawo eziningi eziwusizo kakhudlwana zenhlanzi kune-contraindication noma ukulimala okungenzeka ekudleni, ngakho-ke i-pollock iyakufanelekela ukwethula ekudleni komuntu onamathela ekudleni okunempilo. Into esemqoka - ungawuhlukumezi umkhiqizo, njengoba okuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhalori akusho ukuthi kunezinhlanzi eziningi ezingenamkhawulo.