I-panak yasebukhosini, igama lesayensi yiPanaque nigrolineatus, ingeyomndeni wakwaLoricariidae (uChain noma uLoricaria catfish). Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezingazinikeli futhi ezinhle ezinomlingisi onzima. Uma unaka zonke izici, khona-ke okuqukethwe ngeke kubangele inkathazo enkulu ngisho nakomqalisi wasemanzini wokuqala.

Incazelo

Abantu abadala bafinyelela ubude obufika kuma-43 cm. Ngonyaka wokuqala nesigamu, bakhula ngokushesha, bafinyelela amasentimitha angama-20 noma ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho ukukhula kuncipha futhi bazothola amasayizi abo aphezulu kuphela ngeminyaka engu-7 ukuya kweli-10.

Yizinhlobo ezihlobene kakhulu maqondana nePlekostomus, ukubukeka okufanayo nazo. Umzimba wonke umbozwe amapuleti amathambo, i-integument inzima ngama-spikes amaningi. Imisebe yokuqala yamaphini ibukhali. Iphethini yomzimba iqukethe ushintshi okhilimu onsomi nokukhanya noma imivimbo emhlophe. Amehlo abomvu.

Umlomo uyindebe yokudonsa, ngosizo lwayo inhlanzi isola ungqimba lwezakhi kusuka ebusweni bezibhaxa, izithelo, amaqabunga neziqu zezitshalo.

Umsoco

Kubhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlasimulisayo. Yamukela okuphakelayo okuthandwayo kokuma okuthandwayo (ama-flakes, granules). Imvamisa idla ngokudla okusele okuqhamuka kwabanye abahlali base-aquarium. Into ebalulekile ekudleni izithako zemithi. Lokhu kungaba ukudla okukhethekile noma ulethisi, isipinashi, i-zucchini neminye imifino eluhlaza. Ngaphambi kokusebenza, kunconywa ukuthi ubabhincise ngamanzi abilayo noma ubambe kuqala ukuze benze izicucu zezitshalo zithambe.

Umthamo ofanele we-aquarium we-catfish eyodwa endala uqala kumalitha angama-200. Emklamo, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka izindawo zokukhosela kusuka ezintweni zokuhlobisa zemvelo noma zokwenziwa. Noma yikuphi ukukhosela, isibonelo, umhume, i-grotto, kufanele kudlule futhi kube ngosayizi omkhulu ngokwanele. Inkinga evamile ikati lokugibela.

Zivame ukulimaza izitshalo eziphilayo. Kunconywa noma yiziphi izinhlobo ezintantayo noma izinhlobo ezikhula ngokushesha ngohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande.

I-panaki yasebukhosini ayinakungabaza futhi iqine, ivumelane ngokuphelele nezimo ezahlukahlukene. Izindlela zokuphila ebangeni elilinganayo lamazinga okushisa namanani wezinkomba ze-hydrochemical.

Ukulungiswa kwe-Aquarium kuyinto ejwayelekile futhi kufaka okunye esikhundleni samasonto onke kwengxenye yamanzi ngamanzi amasha, ukususwa kwemfucumfucu eqoqiwe kanye nokugcinwa kwemishini

Ukuziphatha kanye nokuvumelana

Emvelweni, imvamisa bahlala emaqenjini amakhulu emihlambi yeziningi noma ngisho namakhulu abantu. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuthengwe i-catfish eyodwa kuphela e-aquarium yasekhaya. Iphaneli yasebukhosini iyinhlobo yendawo, inobutha kunoma iyiphi inhlanzi engaphansi, kufaka phakathi izihlobo. Ukuziphatha kuguqulwa emuva kuphela uma kunakekelwa yiqembu elikhulu.

Abamele ezinye izinhlobo ezihlala kukholamu yamanzi noma ngaphansi komhlaba ziphephile. Ngisho nama-tetras amancane azohlala ngaphandle kokunaka le catfish. Ngenxa yezikhali zabo, bangakwazi ukuhlangana nabanye abazingela ngobukhulu obufana nabo.

Isifo sezinhlanzi

Endaweni enhle nokudla okunempilo, amathuba okudla aphansi kakhulu. Ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu zesifo, njengomthetho, kusebenza njengophawu lwezinkinga kokuqukethwe, ngakho-ke ikhwalithi nokwakheka kwamanzi kuhlala kuhlolwa kuqala. Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngezimpawu nokwelashwa, bheka isigaba se-Aquarium Fish Diseases.

Ividiyo yePanak

Sekukonke, i-genus Panaque njengamanje ifaka izinhlobo eziyi-14 ze-catfish, osayizi bazo zisukela ku-28 kuye ku-60 cm. Lezi zinhlanzi zivame engxenyeni esenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika: iVenezuela, iPeru, iColombia, i-Ecuador, neBrazil. Bahlala ezigodini zemifula yaseAmazon, Orinoco, Santiago, Pastaz, Ukayali, Monon, Napo, Maranon, Apure, Oyapok, Sacramento, Caroni, Yapuro kanye nase Magdalena. Igama "panak" ngolimi lwabantu bomdabu baseVenezuela lisho "inhlanzi". I-Panaki ihlala emifuleni ejulile futhi ejulile enamanzi ahamba ngokushesha futhi ahamba kancane, angatholakala emanzini anodaka, acacile futhi amnyama, emhlabathini onesihlabathi, amatshe, osilika nobumba, eziminyeni eziminyene noma, ngokuvamile, ngaphandle kwawo. Kepha kunesici esisodwa esihlanganisa zonke lezi zinto eziphilayo - ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezihlahla ezishisiwe. Emifuleni yaseNingizimu Melika kunezindawo lapho imfucumfucu eyenziwe ngokhuni olubekiwe ibanga lamakhilomitha amaningi - futhi ikulesi sisekelo sokhuni oluqoshwe yilapho amapanishi ephila khona. Iqiniso ngukuthi liyisisekelo sokudla kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-panaki idla i-algae, i-duckweed nezinye izitshalo.

Isici esivelisayo sePanakov ukwakheka kwamazinyo - isisekelo sawo sibanzi kakhulu kunelesi. Okusho ukuthi, kukhona ukwanda okubukhali kusuka ezinsini kuya emaphethelweni wezinyo, ngakho-ke babizwa ngokuthi "abunjwe ngesipuni" (abanesimo sesipuni). Isici sesibili futhi mhlawumbe esibonakala kakhulu samaphaneli yisimo sokuma kwesikhumba, ukukhumbuza imoto yokuqala yesitimela esisheshayo, kanye nesilinganiso sekhanda kuya emzimbeni (ikhanda lihlala cishe ingxenye yesithathu yobude bezinhlanzi). Akunasici esingatheni amadevu wamaphaneli. Njengoba zondla kakhulu ngokhuni, azidingi ukuhlaziya nokunambitha. Kulokhu, amadevu abucayi, kepha acashile kakhulu atholakala kuphela emakhaleni, kanti amadevu amakhulu akagcwalisi indima yabahlaziyi, kodwa kunalokho akhonza ukubona i-catfish ngobukhulu bayo (ingabuna endaweni ethile noma cha). Esinye isici sezinhlaka zemisebe imisebe yezinhlawulo zazo - kuhlale kunezi-8 zalo misebe, futhi ziqinile ngokuqinile eceleni komphetho.

Umzimba wonke walezi zi-catfish (ngaphandle kwesisu) umbozwe ngamapuleti wesikhumba alukhuni akha into efana nengubo engenakuvinjwa. Le mishini iyabavikela kwizilwane ezidla ezinye, kodwa ibenza babe banqwabelene ngokuphelele futhi kancane. IPanaki - ukubhukuda okungahambi kahle okwazi ukungena kugesi yamanje enamandla. Kodwa-ke, lapha bathola indlela yokuqala yokuphuma: ukuze bangathathwa yigagasi, izinhlanzi zinamathela ematsheni noma iziqu zemithi ezikhula ziphuma emanzini ngosizo lwezindebe ezinamandla zokubamba ezingena ngaphakathi komlomo. Imilomo yazo ivulekile, ipanaki inamathela esiqwini noma egatsheni lesihlahla esikhanyisiwe bese iluma ngokhuni oluthambile ngamazinyo ayo. Amagciwane ahlala esiswini sawo asiza ukugaya ukudla okulukhuni.

Umbala wamapanishi ungahlukahluka futhi uthandeke kakhulu. Imibala yemizimba yabo ihluka kusuka kumbala onsundu omnyama kuya komnyama ngemisho emile mpo kusuka kokuphuzi kuya kokumhlophe. Amajaha anemivimbo ebanzi.

Lapho ugcina lezi zinhlanzi zamakati ezinhlanzi emanzini, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi adinga i-driftwood. Izimpande zezihlahla zezithelo (amapulamu, izihlahla zama-apula, umlotha wentaba, njll.) Zikulungele ngokukhethekile lokhu. Ukusuka kumaphaneli amakhulu kunokungcola okuningi ngendlela ye “shavings” echotshoziwe, ngakho-ke kufanele kususwe zonke izinsuku ezingama-1-3. Ukuze izinhlanzi zingabi nakho ukulamba okungapheli, ukudla kufanele kube khona njalo ku-aquarium. Imifino izokusiza ngalokhu - ikhukhamba, i-zucchini, ithanga, amazambane aluhlaza. Ngendlela, kubantu abakhulu, akudingekile ukulungisa ngokukhethekile izingcezu zemifino phansi. Izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukuthola ukudla okuvela ebusweni bese zikwehlisela phansi ngamacebo ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, inhlanzi ingacindezela indilinga yekhukhamba noma i-zucchini ngesisu sayo iphikisana nengilazi bese ihamba kancane iye ezansi nayo, lapho iyidla khona.

Amapaneli asemancane abonakala ngesimo sokuzola, kepha uma ekhula eba yindawo eba yindawo ethe xaxa. Izinhlobo ezincane phambi kwenqwaba yezindawo zokukhosela zihlala kahle nabantu bohlobo lwazo, i-tetra kanye ne-catfish encane yeminye imindeni ingaba ngomakhelwane bayo. Omakhelwane kufanele bakhethwe ngokucophelela - inhlanzi esebenzayo nenolaka ingadla amaphiko ayo amade.

Izici

I-aquarium kumele ithengwe ngesilinganiso samalitha angama-200 ngehora. I-Royal Panak iyinhlanzi engenakuqhathaniswa futhi ivumelane nezimo ezahlukahlukene. Umklamo we-aquarium uvamile. Ukuba khona kwezindawo zokukhosela eziningi ngesimo senqwaba yamatshe, ama-grottoes, amabhodwe obumba - okuyimfuneko ekwakhiweni kwe-aquarium ngephaneli yasebukhosini. Futhi, ukuba khona kwe-driftwood ngokhuni oluthambile (ngokwesibonelo, umuthi we-apula, iplamu, umlotha wasentabeni) njengomthombo wokudla okwengeziwe kuyanambitheka ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga namathumbu. Isigqila sithanda ukukhuphukela emashalofini, kugebe phakathi kwamatshe, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukwenza indawo yokukhosela kanye nemifantu yobukhulu obunjalo ukuze izinhlanzi ziphume zodwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iphaneli engakhange ihlushwe ingafa ngesikhathi. Ukushintshwa kwamanzi okuphoqelekile masonto onke, kanye nokuhlunga nokukhuculula.

Ungawondla kanjani panaks

Akudingeki ukuthenga ukudla okukhethekile kwePanak, kungashiwo ukuthi kuyamangaza. Kahle kahle, bacosha ukudla kwezinye izinhlanzi, futhi bakukhethe kwezinye izinhlanzi zekati. Njengawo wonke amancanyana we-catfish, ahlanza imihlobiso yengilazi kanye ne-aquarium kusuka ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, kodwa asikwazi ukusho ukuthi bakwenza ngokucophelela. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kuyadingeka ukunika ama-panakas eminye imifino, njenge-letalce scalded, i-nettle, noma ikhukhamba entsha (usike ngqo embuthanweni) noma i-zucchini. Uma kungekho luhlaza obukhona, thenga ukudla okususelwa ku-spirulina, noma i-spirulina kuphela - nakho kuyamukeleka.

Omakhelwane

Ihambisana nezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezithanda ukuthula zibhukuda phakathi nendawo nangaphezulu kwamanzi. Kungenzeka ukugcina ngama-cichlid, ngoba akulula ukucasula le catfish. Futhi njengoba i-panak ivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene, okuqukethwe kwayo ngamadiski, okuthi, njengoba wazi, kuphila ngokushisa kwamanzi oku ngu-30-33 ° C, kuvunyelwe.

Izimo zikaPanaka

Ubungako bepanishi emnyama enemibala emnyama ingaba 25-30 cm, wonke amasentimitha angama-40 angatholakala, kepha kuyaqabukela. Ungayifaka kunoma iyiphi inhlanzi, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukucasula i-panaka - umzimba we-catfish umbozwe ngamapuleti amathambo kanzima. Futhi iduna elidala kumaphinifa we-pectoral nalo linama-spikes. Isidumbu sowesilisa sincane kunesifazane futhi sinemibala egqamile.

Umthamo we-aquarium wokuqukethe izinhlanzi ezinkulu kangako kufanele okungenani ube ngamalitha ayi-150, uma kungukuthi iyindawo evamile yokudonsa emanzini, bese kuthi okungaphezulu kwalokho (okukukhulu, okungcono kakhulu kwenhlanzi futhi kube lula ukuyinakekela). Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lilinganiselwa kuma-24-30 ℃, ubulukhuni bufika ku-16 °, pH cishe ngu-7. Njengoba isipiliyoni sibonisa, i-panaki ingaphila emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngokwesibonelo, nge-discus (futhi lokhu kungama-30-33 ° C). Ukuhlunga okugunyaziwe, ukuguqulwa kwe-aeration kanye nokushintshwa kwamasonto onke kwesigamu samanzi e-aquarium.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokuphila, iphaneli enemigqa emnyama ingaphila iminyaka eyi-10.