I-American Black Catarta, noma i-Uruba (Coragyps atratus) - inyoni enkulu enobude obungamasentimitha angama-50-69, iphiko eliyi-137-152 cm nesisindo esingu-1,1-1,9 kg. Akanazo izimpaphe ekhanda nasentanjeni engenhla, isikhumba kule ndawo sibukeka sinamabala kakhulu, ngimpunga emnyama. Umlomo ka-Urubu mude, awunakubuthakathaka, umnyama, ugobe phansi ekugcineni, izimpiko zibanzi, zinde, imilenze iminyene, yimpunga emnyama, ihambelana kakhulu nokugijima emhlabathini kunokuhlala egatsheni.

Ukubhebhetheka

Izinhlobo zinikezwa ngaphezulu kwensimu enkulu yeNyakatho neNingizimu Melika, umngcele osenyakatho webanga udlula eningizimu yeCanada. I-Uruba ithanda izikhala ezivulekile futhi igweme amahlathi aminyene. Zitholakala ezindaweni eziphansi ezivulekile ezinamagquma asondelene nawo, amasimu, izindawo eziwugwadule, ukuthathwa komhlaba kanye nasemadolobheni.

Ukuzala

Ukuthandana i-cathart emnyama yaseMelika kungafaka ukujaha abalingani ngokulandelana, ukukhuphuka okukhulu emoyeni ngokufika okulandelayo komoya kanye nemidanso yokugomela phansi. Amaqanda abekwa emigodini yezihlahla noma emifantwini yeziqu endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3,5,5 ngaphezulu komhlaba, phansi kwemigede engajulile, onqenqemeni lwamathafa, emhlabathini ngaphansi kongqimba lwezimila, ngaphansi kwamatshe, emihumeni yezihlahla eziwile, ezakhiweni zezolimo ezilahliwe, emifantwini yezindlu. . Isidleke esikhethekile asakhiwa. Indawo efanayo yokubeka amaqanda ingasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingana. Imvamisa insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-1-3 (kaningi 2). Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha izinsuku ezingama-37-55, kuthi emva kwalokho kuqhamuke amachwane aqobayo. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekufukameleni nasekunceliseni amantshontsho, ukuwahambisa kwakuletha ukudla. I-plumage ephelele yezinyoni ezincane yenzeka ngezinsuku ezingama-63-70.

Umsoco

Idla nge-carrion carrion, ngesikhathi sokuzingela, okuvame ukwenzeka ntambama, inyukela emisebeni yomoya ofudumele, ibheka isisulu ebusweni bomhlaba. Lezi zinyoni zingafuna ukudla endaweni yokwebiwa komhlaba, izindawo zokuxhela, amanethiwekhi okuhambisa indle kanye nemigwaqo emikhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi azingela amachwane ezinkomo namadada asekhaya, nawo adla amaqanda awo, angahlasela amathole asanda kuzalwa, izinyoni ezincane nezilwane ezincelisayo, ama-skunks, ama-phenam kanye nezimfudu ezincane. Kwesinye isikhathi i-Uruba idliwa yizithelo ezivuthiwe noma ezibolile zezitshalo nemifino.

Ukuzala

I-Urubu yinyoni eyindida, okungukuthi, owesilisa unakekela owesifazane oyedwa kuphela. Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha kusuka kuJanuwari kuya kuJulayi, sinenani eliphakeme lomsebenzi ngoMashi nango-Ephreli, ngesizini abesimame bagcina udoti owodwa. Ukuqomisana kungafaka ukujaha enye ngokulandelana, ukukhuphuka okukhulu emoyeni, kulandelwe ukufika komoya kanye nokudansa kwemvelo emhlabathini. Amaqanda abekwa emigodini yezihlahla noma emifantwini yeziqu endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3,5,5 ngaphezulu komhlaba, phansi kwemigede engajulile, onqenqemeni lwamathafa, emhlabathini ngaphansi kongqimba lwezimila, ngaphansi kwamatshe, emihumeni yezihlahla eziwile, ezakhiweni zezolimo ezilahliwe, emifantwini yezindlu. . Isidleke esikhethekile asakhiwa. Indawo efanayo yokubeka amaqanda ingasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingana.

Imvamisa insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-1-3 (kaningi 2). Isikhathi sokufakelwa sithatha izinsuku ezingama-37-55 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo, izinsuku ezingama-32 kuya kwezingu-32), emva kwalokho kuvela amantshontsho amnyama. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekufukameleni nasekunceliseni amantshontsho, ukuwahambisa kwakuletha ukudla. I-plumage ephelele yezinyoni ezincane yenzeka ngezinsuku ezingama-63-70. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokuthunjwa, inzalo exubekile ngezinye izikhathi ingavela entanyeni ye-Urubu nentambo ye-turkey.

Indlela yokuphila

I-Urubu inendiza emfushane, ehlanganisa izimpiko eziningana ezindizayo, ilandelwa ukuhlela okufushane emoyeni, kepha kukholelwa ukuthi indiza iphakeme futhi yinde kune-turkey vulture yayo. Emhlabeni, bagxuma njengezintethe ezingathandeki.

Udla i-carrion, ngesikhathi sokuzingela, okuvame ukwenzeka ntambama, ukhuphuka emisebeni yomoya ofudumele, ebheka isisulu ebusweni bomhlaba. Lapho isondela izinsalela zesilwane, iphatha ngolaka ibheke kwezinye izinyoni eziseduze, futhi izikhiphe ngokuphumelelayo kude, ikakhulukazi intamo yefudu. Lapho ingozi isondela lapho kudliwa, iyayihlehla futhi ukuze ikwazi ukundiza kalula.

I-Uruba ibhekwa njengezinyoni ezithulile; lapho ihlanganyela ukudla, kwesinye isikhathi yenza imisindo efana neyomsindo, ukugunda noma ukukhonkotha okuthule. Kuyinyoni esesidlangalaleni kakhulu, ehamba emhlambini omkhulu ngesikhathi sokuzingela noma ubusuku bonke. Ivumelanisa kalula nokuba khona komuntu, kuvame ukuvela ezindaweni zomphakathi.

03.01.2019

IVictoria emnyama yaseMelika, noma i-cathart emnyama yaseMelika (iLatin Coragyps atratus) iyaziwa kakhulu ngabelusi, abalimi kanye nezindiza. Le nyoni enkulu kwesinye isikhathi ihlasela amawundlu namathole asanda kuzalwa, bese kuthi ngokulahla kwawo okubhubhisayo kudilize izihlahla zezithelo. Ukubuthana emhlambini omkhulu, kubeka usongo lwangempela ezindizeni ezindizayo.

Izinyoni ezinezinwele ziletha ikhanda elikhulu kakhulu kubalawuli bezimoto ezindiza esikhumulweni sezindiza iRio de Janeiro Galeão International Airport. Zivame ukubonakala ezindaweni ezikuyo, zikhangwa ngukudla kokudla okulahlwa emfucumeni kadoti yasemadolobheni, okuthikameza ukufika kokwejwayelekile kwendiza nokukhipha izindiza.

Ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokwakha izidleke zendabuko, i-catharta iye yaba yivelakancane e-United States, ngakho-ke ivikelwe umbuso.

Ukubulawa kwakhe noma ukuboshwa ngaphandle kwelayisense kuyahlawuliswa inhlawulo efinyelela ku- $ 15,000 noma ukuboshwa izinyanga ezi-6.

Le nyoni ingeyamalungu omndeni womdabu baseMelika (Cathartidae) ovela ku-Hawk-shape (ama-Accipitriformes). Uhlobo lwaqala wachazwa ngo-1793 ngudokotela wamazinyo waseJalimane uJohann Bechstein njengoVultus atratus. Yize ukufana kwegama, akuhlobene nomdokwe omnyama (i-Aegypius monachus) ohlala e-Eurasia.

EBrazil, ubizwa ngo-Uruba, okusho ukuthi ngolimi lwamaNdiya amaGuarani kusho ukhuba.

Ukuziphatha

Amanoni amnyama aseMelika ahola indlela yokuphila yasemini. Emini, bahlela isikhathi eside phezulu esibhakabhakeni, bafuna inyamazane. Ukuphakama okungaphezulu kwamaphiko kuncane kunokwamanye amabala, ngakho-ke isigaba sendiza esihlelayo sisifushane.

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), zindiza kakhulu ngamaphiko, futhi zihamba ngobuningi bomhlaba. Ukupholisa ekushiseni, izinyoni zihlala zilahla ezinyaweni zazo. Ukuhwamuka, umswakama okhona kulezi zinongo uphulukisa kahle imithambo yegazi yemilenze nemilenze ephansi. Ngenxa ye-urea, imilenze imbozwe ngengubo emhlophe ebonakala ngokufana.

Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-syringes (isitho sezwi sezinyoni), ikati elimnyama alikwazi ukwenza imisindo enkulu, ngakho-ke lilinganiselwe kumagrun, ukuthula noma ukumemeza.

Izimpungushe zase-Urubu zinomuntu ohambisana nazo futhi zihlangana ngokuzithandela emihlambini emikhulu zizofuna ukudla, idili elihlangene nokuhlala ubusuku bonke. Ngemuva kokudla, zime isikhathi eside elangeni zinamaphiko ezeluliwe ukuze zikhiphe amagciwane abulala amagciwane.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba wabadala bungu-56-65 cm, ngamaphiko ama-cm 140-152. Isisindo 1800-2500 g. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayikho. Umbala umnyama, ikhanda alinamaphiko futhi lipendiwe ngombala omnyama noma ompunga omnyama. Isikhumba esingavuthiwe sisongekile.

Uqhwaku onsundu omnyama luphela ngethiphu ebambekile. Kufanelekile ukudwengula isikhumba sezilwane ezifile. Ukwakheka kwemilenze nezinyawo kukuvumela ukuthi ukwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha ngokungahambi kahle endaweni eqinile.

Umsila mncane. Izimpiko zibanzi. Uthingo lwamehlo lumnyama.

Isikhathi sokuphila endle cishe siyiminyaka eyi-15. Ekuthunjweni, ngokunakekelwa okuhle, umdabu omnyama waseMelika uhlala iminyaka engama-20.

Amanothi

1. ↑Boehme R. L., Flint V.E. Isichazamazwi sezilimi ezimbili samagama ezilwane. Izinyoni. IsiLatin, isiRussia, isiNgisi, isiJalimane, isiFulentshi / sihlelwe yi-Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Rus. lang., "RUSSO", 1994. - S. 37. - 2030 amakhophi. - I-ISBN 5-200-00643-0.
2. ↑ www.vultures.homestead.com/Black.html
3. ↑ [Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/infform/Coragyps_atratus.html ADW: Coragyps atratus: LWAZI]

Izinkomba

• [www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i3260id.html Uruba ku www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov]
• Elliott, G. 2001. "Coragyps atratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Kutholwe ngoJanuwari 03, 2007 e-Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Coragyps_atratus.html
• ILowney, M. 1999. Ukulimala kwabadlali abamnyama nabamnyama eTurkey, 1990-1996. Inhlangano Yezilwane Zasendle, 27: 715-719.
• Terres, J. 1980. I-Audubon Society: I-Encyclopedia of North America Izinyoni. ENew York: Inhlangano yakwa-Audubon
• [www.vultures.homestead.com/Black.html Vulture Uruba ku-wwvvtures.homestead.com]

I-Excerpt American Black Cattarte

Kepha yona kanye le ndoda, owalahla amazwi akhe uqobo, akakaze nakanye kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe ukhulume igama elilodwa elingeke livumelane nokuwukuphela kwenhloso ayizuze ngesikhathi sempi yonke. Ngokusobala, ngokungakhethi, ngokuzethemba okukhulu ukuthi babengeke bamqonde, waveza imicabango yakhe ezimweni ezihluke kakhulu. Kusukela empini yaseBorodino, lapho aqala khona ukuxabana kwakhe nalabo ababemzungezile, nguyena kuphela owasho ukuthi impi yaseBorodino yayinqoba, wayiphinda ngamazwi nangemibiko ngokufa kwakhe. Nguye kuphela owathi ukulahlekelwa yiMoscow akuyona ukulahlekelwa yiRussia. Ephendula isicelo sikaLoriston sokuthula, uphendule wathi akunakuba khona ukuthula, ngoba kuyintando yabantu, uyena yedwa ngesikhathi sokubuya kwabaseFrance wathi konke ukuqondisa kwethu akudingeki, ukuthi konke kuzokwenza ngokwako kube ngcono kunalokho esikufisayo, ukuthi isitha kufanele sinikezwe ibhuloho legolide ukuthi azikho izimpi zaseTarutino, noma amaVyazemsky, noma amaKrasnensky, ukuthi kubalulekile ukuza emngceleni nganoma yini, ukuthi kwabalishumi baseFrance ngeke akhiphe iRussia eyodwa.
Futhi uyena yedwa, le ndoda yasenkantolo, njengoba sifanekisiwe, indoda eqamba amanga ku-Arakcheev ngenhloso yokujabulisa inkosi - yona yodwa, le ndoda yasenkantolo, eVilna, ngaleyo ndlela efanelwe ngumusa wobukhosi, ithi eminye impi yangaphandle iyingozi futhi ayinamsebenzi.
Kepha amagama kuphela ayengeke afakazele ukuthi wabe eseqonda ukubaluleka komcimbi. Izenzo zakhe - zonke ngaphandle kokubuyela emuva okuncane, zonke zazihloswa emgomweni ofanayo, kuvezwe ngezenzo ezintathu: 1) ukusebenzisa wonke amandla akhe ukuxabana nabaseFrance, 2) ukubahlula kanye ne-3) ukuxosha eRussia, okwenza kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka izinhlekelele zabantu namabutho.
Yena, lowo owucasulayo kaKutuzov, omqondo wakhe ukubekezela nesikhathi, isitha sezinyathelo eziwujuqu, unikeza iMpi yaseBorodino, ahlela amalungiselelo ayo ngobuhlakani obungakaze bubonwe. Yena, lowo Kutuzov owathi eMpini ye-Austerlitz, ngaphambi kokuyiqala, uthi, izolahleka, eBorodin, yize isiqinisekiso sabaphethe ukuthi le mpi ilahlekile, naphezu kwesibonelo esingakaze sazwakala emlandweni sokuthi ibutho kufanele libuyele emuva ngemuva kokuphumelela kwempi , yena yedwa, ephikisana nabo bonke, kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe bathi impi yaseBorodino iyinqobe. Nguye yedwa ngesikhathi sokubuyela emuva uphikelela ekutheni anganiki izimpi manje ezingenamsebenzi, angaqali impi entsha futhi angaweli imingcele yaseRussia.
Manje kulula ukuqonda ukubaluleka komcimbi, ngaphandle kokuthi usebenzise imisebenzi yenqwaba yezinhloso ezisezinhlokweni zabantu abayishumi nambili, ngoba wonke umcimbi nemiphumela yako ungaphambi kwethu.
Kepha wayengasho kanjani-ke yena ukuthi le ndoda endala, iyodwa, iphikisana nemibono yabo bonke ngaleso sikhathi, ukuqagela ngokunembile ukubaluleka kwencazelo kazwelonke yomcimbi, ukuthi ayengakaze amkhaphele kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe?
Umthombo walawa mandla angajwayelekile wokuqonda encazelweni yezigameko ezenzeka kulowo muzwa othandwayo awuthwele kuwo wedwa ekuhlanzekeni nasekuqineni kwawo.
Ukuqashelwa kuphela kwalumuzwa kuye okwenze abantu ngezindlela ezixakile ngaleli hlazo lexhegu elalikhona lalimkhetha ngokumelene nentando yenkosi kubameli bezimpi zabantu. Futhi lo muzwa kuphela owamfaka kuleso silinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu somuntu lapho yena, umphathi-omkhulu, aqondisa wonke amabutho akhe ukuthi angabulali futhi abhubhise abantu, kodwa ukubasindisa nokubazwela.
Umuntu olula, onesizotha, futhi obabazekayo ngempela, lokhu akunakungena kulelo fomu leqhawekazi laseYurophu okuthiwa lilawula abantu umlando eliqhamuke nalo.
Kumuntu onyathela izinyawo ngeke kube nomuntu omkhulu, ngoba umuntu onyathela izinyawo unombono wakhe wobukhulu.

NgoNovemba 5 kwakuwusuku lokuqala lwempi ebizwa ngokuthi iKrasnensky. Ngaphambi kobusuku, lapho, ngemuva kwezingxabano eziningi namaphutha ojenene abahamba ngendlela engalungile, ngemuva kokuthumela abemagagasi ngama-counter counter, lapho kwacaca ukuthi isitha sigijima yonke indawo futhi akunakuba khona futhi bekungeke kube yimpi, uKutuzov washiya iKrasnoye waya Kuhle, lapho ifulethi elikhulu lidluliselwe khona namuhla.
Usuku lwalucacile, lubandayo. UKutuzov, onenqwaba enkulu yamabutho aphoxekile ahlebela ngemuva kwakhe, wagibela ihhashi lakhe elimhlophe elinamafutha waya kuZinhle. Kuwo wonke umgwaqo ugcwele, uzifudumeza ngomlilo, iziboshwa eziningi zaseFrance ezithathwe namuhla (kwakukhona izinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa zazo ezathathwa ngalolo suku). Kude buduze no-Okuhle, isixuku esikhulu sabantu abakhubazekile, siboshwe futhi sabopha iziboshwa ngezwi elihehayo, simi eceleni komgwaqo okude nezixhaxaka zezibhamu zaseFrance. Lapho induna-nduna isondela, lolu lwimi lwathi cwaka, wonke amehlo ebuka uKutuzov, okumhlophe enesigqoko esibomvu nekotini, nekhephu elihleli emahlombe akhe elimele, ahamba kancane eceleni komgwaqo. Omunye wojenene wabikela uKutuzov lapho kwathathwa khona izibhamu neziboshwa.

Izinhlobo: Coragyps atratus (Bechstein, 1793) = IViet-Urubu, ikati elimnyama

IVulture-Uruba (Coragyps atratus) yaziwa nangokuthi i-catartha emnyama, ingeyomndeni wamaqhubu aseMelika. Lolu hlobo luhlala endaweni yamaMelika, lunamathela ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesishisayo.

IVulture-Urubu inyoni enkulu enobude obungamasentimitha angama-50-69 nephiko elinobubanzi obungu-137 kuya ku-152 cm, nesisindo somzimba ukusuka ku-1,1 kuye ku-1.9 kg. Amapheya amaningi omzimba amnyama, ngaphandle kwengxenye ephansi yezimpaphe zamaphiko, lapho kunamabala amakhulu amhlophe. Akukho zimpaphe ekhanda nasengxenyeni engenhla yentamo, isikhumba kule ndawo sibukeka sinombala ompunga kakhulu, ngimpunga emnyama. Uqhwaku lude, alunamandla kangako, lumnyama, lugobile phansi ekugcineni. Izimpiko zibanzi, zinde. Amawisi awugqinsi, ompunga omnyama, avumelaniswe kakhulu nokusebenza phansi kunokuba uhlale egatsheni. Umsila umfishane, unemidwebo yempi. Endizeni, andiza kahle esibhakabhakeni. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwa, okungukuthi, abesifazane abahlukile ngaphandle kwabesilisa. Abasha bafana ngokuziphatha nangokwezinyoni ezivuthiwe ngokwengeziwe.

Ukusatshalaliswa: Uhlobo luhanjiswa endaweni enkulukazi yeNyakatho neNingizimu Melika, umngcele osenyakatho webanga udlula eningizimu yeCanada. Ebusika, inyakatho yabantu ifudukela eningizimu.

Prefers zivula izikhala, izama ukugwema amahlathi anotshani obukhulu. Zitholakala ezindaweni eziphansi ezivulekile ezinamagquma asondelene nawo, amasimu, izindawo eziwugwadule, ukuthathwa komhlaba kanye naphakathi kwedolobha.

IVurb-Urubu yinyoni eyindodakazi, okungukuthi, owesilisa unakekela insikazi eyodwa kuphela. Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha kusuka kuJanuwari kuya kuJulayi, sinenani eliphakeme lomsebenzi ngoMashi nango-Ephreli, ngesizini abesimame bagcina udoti owodwa. Ukuqomisana kungafaka ukujaha enye ngokulandelana, ukukhuphuka okukhulu emoyeni, kulandelwe ukufika komoya kanye nokudansa kwemvelo emhlabathini. Amaqanda abekwa emigodini yezihlahla noma emifantwini yeziqu endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3,5,5 ngaphezulu komhlaba, phansi kwemigede engajulile, onqenqemeni lwamathafa, emhlabathini ngaphansi kongqimba lwezimila, ngaphansi kwamatshe, emihumeni yezihlahla eziwile, ezakhiweni zezolimo ezilahliwe, emifantwini yezindlu. . Isidleke esikhethekile asakhiwa. Indawo efanayo yokubeka amaqanda ingasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingana.

Imvamisa insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-1-3 (kaningi 2). Isikhathi sokufakelwa sithatha izinsuku ezingama-37-55 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo, izinsuku ezingama-32 kuya kwezingu-32), emva kwalokho kuvela amantshontsho aqandayo. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekufukameleni nasekunceliseni amantshontsho, ukuwahambisa kwakuletha ukudla. I-plumage ephelele yezinyoni ezincane yenzeka ngezinsuku ezingama-63-70. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokuthunjwa, inzalo exubekile ngezinye izikhathi ingavela entanyeni ye-Urubu nentambo ye-turkey.

Inhlwathi yase-Uruba inendiza emfushane, enamaphiko amaningi okushaywa, ilandelwa ukuhlelwa okufushane emoyeni, kepha kukholelwa ukuthi indiza iphakeme futhi yinde kune-turkey vulture yayo. Emhlabeni, bagxuma njengezintethe ezingathandeki.

Udla i-carrion, ngesikhathi sokuzingela, okuvame ukwenzeka ntambama, ukhuphuka emisebeni yomoya ofudumele, ebheka isisulu ebusweni bomhlaba. Lapho isondela izinsalela zesilwane, iphatha ngolaka ibheke kwezinye izinyoni eziseduze, futhi izikhiphe ngokuphumelelayo kude, ikakhulukazi intamo yefudu. Lapho isondela engozini ngenkathi idla, iyayihlehlisa ukuze ikwazi ukundiza kalula.

Izimpungushe ze-Uruba zithathwa njengezinyoni ezithulile; lapho zabelana ngokudla, kwesinye isikhathi zenza imisindo efana neyomsindo, ukugunda noma ukukhonkotha okuthule. Kuyinyoni esesidlangalaleni kakhulu, ehamba emhlambini omkhulu ngesikhathi sokuzingela noma ubusuku bonke. Ivumelanisa kalula nokuba khona komuntu, kuvame ukuvela ezindaweni zomphakathi.

Izimpungushe zase-Uruba zidla ngo-carrion futhi zingafuna ukudla endaweni yezindawo zokuchitheka komhlaba, izindawo zokuhlatshwa ezindlini, amanethiwekhi okuhambisa indle nemigwaqo emikhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi azingela amachwane ezinkomo namadada asekhaya, adla namaqanda. Zingahlasela amathole asanda kuzalwa, izinyoni ezincane nezincelisayo, ama-skunks, ama-phenam, amafudu amancane. Kwesinye isikhathi kudliwa izithelo ezivuthiwe noma ezibolile zezitshalo nemifino. Ekukhetheni kokudla, akunampilo.