Izinyoka ezivamile zikhulu kancane kunezihlobo zaso - inyoka esetshenziswayo. Ubude bawo kanye nomsila bufika ku-60-70 cm, ezimweni ezingafinyeleleki bufika kuma-80 cm. Abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesilisa.

Izici ezihlukanisayo zenyoka evamile yilezi ezilandelayo:

• ikhanda limbozwe, ngaphezu kokuncane, ngezihlangu ezintathu ezinkulu,
• umzimba awugqinsi
• umsila umfishane, uthinta kakhulu ekugcineni,
• ichopho lesisongelo liyindilinga,
• ukuvuleka kwamakhala kusikwa phakathi kwesihlangu samakhala (ku-steppe viper - eduze nomphetho wayo ophansi),
• isikali emzimbeni ngezimbambo ezishiwo,
• umfundi ngendlela yegebe elime mpo.

Umbala wezinyoka ezijwayelekile kusuka phezulu uhlukahluka kakhulu kusuka ko-grey no brown kuya kokubomvu onsundu, ithusi kanye nomnyama. Ngasemuva kunephethini lomucu we-zigzag omnyama ogeleza usuka ekhanda uya emsileni. Ezinhlangothini zomzimba kunenqwaba yezindawo ezincane ezimnyama. Isisu sinsundu, mpunga noma simnyama. Imvamisa kunabantu abanebala elimnyama lomzimba (ama-melancts). Isihloko somsila siphuzi kusuka phansi (kusuka ngomphuzi ophuzi kuya kombala ophuzi-olintshi). Abesilisa abansundu kuphela abanomsila omnyama ngokuphelele. Ekhanda ungabona iphethini emnyama enjenge-x. Iris imnyama nsundu.

Habitat

Izinyoka ezivamile zisakazeke impela. Ihlala ehlathini nasezindaweni ezingamahlathi zase-Europe, eNyakatho Asia empumalanga eSakhalin naseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina. Ensimini ye-USSR yangaphambili itholakala yonke indawo ezindaweni ezifanayo, ukusuka emngceleni osentshonalanga kuya e-Far East, kufakiwe. Enyakatho ifinyelela ku-67 ° N, kuthi empumalanga isatshalaliswe eningizimu - ifike ku-40 ° N

Izindawo ezithandekayo zezinyoka ezijwayelekile ziyizindawo ezihlala emahlathini, imiphetho yamahlathi nokudlula ngezihlahla, ama-lingonberry kanye nama-blueberries, izikhukhula zemifula yezintaba, imiphetho yamahlathi angenhla, kanye nemithambeka yezintaba enamadwala. Imvamisa, zitholakala ezimeleni eziswakeme, ezivandeni ezindala ezilahliwe nasezivinini, eduze kwamadamu amadamu, amadamu. Gwema izindawo ezivulekile ezomile, izindawo ezitshaliwe.

Izici zendlela yokuphila yenyoka ejwayelekile

Ama-Vipers, njengomthetho, ahola indlela yokuphila yokuhlala, ehlala eduze nezimbobo zobusika. Lokhu mhlawumbe kuchaza iqiniso lokuthi basatshalaliswa ngokungalingani ngaphezulu kwensimu futhi bakha okubizwa ngokuthi "inyoka foci". Uma lezi zindawo ziyeka ukwanelisa okwenzeka ngezinsimbi zokudla, zihamba ngamamitha angamakhulu ambalwa noma amakhilomitha.

Umsebenzi wenyoka uhambisana nezimo zezulu. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kuyasebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi sasemini. Ehlobo, ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo, ifihla endaweni yokukhosela phakathi nosuku, futhi ibonakala ngaphezulu ekuseni, kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Isimo sezulu esipholile nesinethayo, inyoka cishe ayikaze ishiye indawo yokuhlala.

Izinyoka ezivamile zihamba kancane, zize ziphazamiseke, zivame ukukhetha ukucasha noma ukucasha endaweni yokukhosela. Ngobungozi, imiqondo, uthola isimo sokuzivikela (esakhiwe sigaqa engxenyeni yesithathu yomzimba, ikhanda liphonswa masinyane), kepha noma kunjalo livame ukubuyisa futhi lizame ukukhamba.

Ukuzala

Emavikini langu-2-3 ngemuva kwekubusika, emacandza aqala sikhatsi sawo sekukhula. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpi “zomqhudelwano” zenzeka phakathi kwabesilisa bezinyosi, ezingapheli ekufeni. Ukuphakamisa umzimba ongaphezulu nokuhlangana, izimbangi zizama ukucindezela omunye komunye futhi ngasikhathi sinye kukhale ngokuxinana. Ukuhlulwa kwesilisa okuphephile, bese insikazi ikhasa iye kulowo onqobayo, ibukele lomzabalazo ohlangothini. Isikhathi sokukhula sisifushane, siphela cishe ngesonto.

Inyoka ejwayelekile inyoka e-ovoviviparous. Inani lamaqanda kuma-oviducts lisukela ku-5 liye ku-18, kuya ngeminyaka yendawo yenyoka. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu (ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti), insikazi iletha isilinganiso samawundlu ayi-8-12. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwabo, izinyoka ezincane azisebenzi futhi zondla i-yolk esele emzimbeni. By endleleni, ukuluma kwezinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa sekuvele kunoshevu.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, i-molt yokuqala iqala emaqandeni, futhi ekugcineni kwayo ingena inqamula insimu iyofuna ukudla. Bondla ikakhulu ngezinambuzane, izicabucabu, iminyundu, njll. Abantu abasha molt esikhathini esizayo kaningi kakhulu - izikhathi 1-2 ngenyanga. Zikhula kancane. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi kuphela eneminyaka eyi-4-5, abesilisa ngonyaka owedlule.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: Viper ezivamile

Inyoka evamile ingummeleli onoshevu wohlobo lwenyoka lwenyoka yangempela, ongowomndeni wezinyoka. Kuzo zonke izihlobo zayo, yindawo ebanzi kakhulu futhi edumile. Ezweni lethu, le nyoka itholakala cishe yonke indawo. Ungahlangabezana nayo ngisho nasengadini yakho. Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba, i-viper isebenza kakhulu. Imvamisa kudidaniswa nenyoka, kwesinye isikhathi okuholela emiphumeleni edabukisayo.

Inyoka evamile ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ubukhulu obukhulu, lesi silwanyana esivuthayo kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela kubude obuyi-60 kuye kuma-70 cm. Kukhona futhi nezinhlobo ezikhulukazi zenyoka ezingaphezu kwamamitha ubude nesisindo isigamu sekhilogremu. Kepha esikhathini esiningi ubude benyoka abudluli ngaphezu kwemitha eyodwa, futhi isisindo asidluli kumagremu angamakhulu amabili, ahluka kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-200 g. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane.

Ividiyo: Viper ejwayelekile

Ubuhlungu benyoka ejwayelekile buyingozi, kepha kuyaqabukela ukubulala, izinto ezonakalisayo ekwakhekeni kwengozi azigxilanga kakhulu ekwenzeni umuntu omdala ukuba afe. Imiphumela yezakhi ezinobuthi emzimbeni wezingane iyingozi kakhulu. Cishe amaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa alabo abalunyiwe angazizwa engelutho, noma azothola imizwa evuthayo esakhiweni sokuluma, esivame ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu nokuvuvukala.

Abantu abanozwela bangazizwa benesiyezi, kuqubuka isicanucanu, kuqubuke isifo sohudo, kubonakale ukuthi isikhumba sikhishwa kakhulu, ukufiphaluka kwengqondo kuvame ukwenzeka, kubanda kakhulu, kuphonswe izithukuthuku. Ngemiphumela emibi kakhulu, umuntu angahle aqashelwe, awele ekhefini, umuntu angavuvukala, ingcindezi izokwehla kakhulu, konke lokhu kuhambisana nokuzulazula. Imvamisa, konke ukulimala okubangelwa ukulunywa yinyoka evamile kunyamalale ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, kwesinye isikhathi ukwelashwa kuselulwa isikhathi eside, kepha lokhu kwenzeka kaningi.

Ukuze ungathathi inyoka ejwayelekile inyoka engenangozi, udinga ukuba nombono wezimpawu zayo, ngakho-ke kufanele uqonde ngokucophelela izici zangaphandle zalenyoka encane, ukuze kuthi lapho uyibona, wazi kahle ukuthi ungowakuphi umndeni futhi uzame ukugwema ukuthintana, uzivikele engozini.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Isithombe: Izinyoka zaseYurophu eRussia

Sesivele sathola ukuthi ubukhulu benyoka bancane. Kubhekwe ukuthi izinyoka ezinkulu zitholakala ezindaweni zasenyakatho ezingaphezulu. Ikhanda lenyoka likhulu impela, lithambile kancane, linesihlakala esiyindilinga. Ifakwe ngezikali ezintathu ezinkulu: i-frontal ne-parietal emibili. Uphahla lwangaphambili olungunxantathu lutholakala endaweni ephakathi kwamehlo, futhi ngemuva kwalo kukhona amafulethi e-parietal. Kwenzeka ukuthi phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezihlangu kukhona esinye isihlangu esincane. Ngaphansi kwesihlangu samakhala kufakwe ukuvulwa kwamakhala.

Amehlo enyoka amancanyana abafundi abekwe ngokuqondile. Amajwabu amehlo akhuphuka kancane, angamabala aqhekekile ngaphezulu kwamehlo, akha isithombe esithukuthele nesinomsindo wesilwane esibuhlungu, yize lokhu kungenasisusa esingokomzwelo. Amathambo omhlathi ongenhla wenyoka ahambahamba futhi amfushane, anama-fangs eyodwa noma amabili anobuthi futhi cishe namazinyo amancanyana amane. Amathambo akhiwe esibhakabhakeni nawo anamazinyo amancane. Inhloko yenyoka ihlukaniswe ngokucacile emzimbeni wayo ngokungena komlomo wesibeletho.

Umzimba wenyoka awukho mude kanti engxenyeni ephakathi uqweqwe kakhulu. Ihamba kahle bese idlulela emsileni omncane, ophindwe izikhathi ezimbalwa kunobude bomzimba wonke futhi inohlobo olunjengolwesiga olufana nekhefana. Isikali simboza wonke umzimba wesilwane esidabukisayo, engxenyeni ephakathi yenyoka kukhona izingcezu ezingama-21, esiswini sowesilisa zisuka ezingcebeni eziyi-132 kuya kwezingu-150, kwabesifazane - kuze kufike ku-158, kanye nomsila wesilisa - ukusuka kwamabili kuya kwangama-46 izikali, kwabesifazane - kusuka 23 kuya ku-38 ngazimbili

Umbala wenyoka ejwayelekile kufanele unikezwe ukunakwa okukhethekile, ngoba kwehluka kakhulu futhi kugcwele ngemithunzi elandelayo:

• nsundu
• mnyama
• ngmpunga emnyama
• ophuzi ophuzi
• umhlophe-wesiliva (eduze nobumpunga obukhanyayo),
• nsundu ngamathoni omnqumo athonayo
• ithusi nge-tint ebomvu.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Kuyaqabukela ungabona inyoka ebizwa ngokuthi "yashisiwe", umbala wayo unjenge-asymmetrical. Enye ingxenye yomzimba wenyoka enjalo ifakwe ngephethini, kanti enye imnyama eqinile, ngakho-ke kubonakala sengathi ishiswa kancane.

Amathoni ajwayelekile futhi ajwayelekile kakhulu ngmpunga emadodeni futhi ansundu kwabesifazane.

Umbala weMonotony awulona uphawu lwazo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlobisa, kunabantu abaningi abahlotshiswe ngazo zonke izinhlobo zemihlobiso:

• i-zigzag, iphethini echazwe kahle,
• ngisho nephethini elinezintambo
• amabala amnyama ezinhlangothini.

Ukufakwa kombala kwenyoka, okokuqala, kufihlana okungenakuqhathaniswa, yingakho ihlukaniswa yizo zonke izinhlobo zemithunzi nokuhlukahluka kwamaphethini, njengoba izindawo zokuhlala zale ndawo evame ukwedlula zonke zihlukile.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nama-albino phakathi kwezinyoka, yize ezinye izinyoka zivame ukuba nale nto.

Ihlala kuphi inyoka ejwayelekile?

Photo: Poison Viper

Ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo yenyoka evamile kukhulu kakhulu. Ensimini yezwekazi lase-Yuria, kuxazululwa kusuka eSakhalin, enyakatho Korea, izifunda ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina kuya enyakatho yePortugal neSpain. Ngemuva kwe-Arctic Circle, leli nyoka lahlala endaweni yaseLapland Reserve, esifundeni saseMurmansk, futhi lihlala oLwandle lwaseBarents. Ngasentshonalanga yeSiberia naseTransbaikalia lokhu okufuywayo nakho kungatholakala.

Inyoka ejwayelekile ihlukile ngoba ingahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme zasenyakatho ngesimo sezulu esipholile esifanelekile, okuyinto engafani nezinye izinyoka. Ungayinaki inyoka nezindawo zezintaba ezahlukahlukene, isibonelo, i-Alps. Ngokuqondene nezwe lethu, kungafingqwa ukuthi isengezo sendawo yaseRussia sihlala kulayini oMaphakathi: ukusuka e-Arctic kuya ezifundeni eziseningizimu impela. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zinamandla amakhulu: kuyivelakancane kakhulu kwezinye izindawo, kwezinye indawo ukuphakama kwawo kuphezulu.

Imvamisa, inyoka ejwayelekile ihlala kulezo zindawo lapho kunomehluko khona okushisa kosuku nobusuku bomoya.

Inyoka nakanjani izokwazisa indawo enomswakama omkhulu:

• amaxhaphozi ama-mossy
• izindawo ezisogwini zemifula nezinye izidumbu zamanzi,
• ukusulwa kwehlathi
• izindawo zokusika
• izikhala ezivulekile ngotshani obomile.

Inyoka ithanda izihlahla ezivulekile ngaphansi kwamatshe, esebenza njengesiphephelo nesivikelo ezinguquko zesimo sezulu. Ngokuvamile, izinyoka zibhekwa njengezixazululiwe, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zifudukela ezindaweni ezintsha, ezinwla kuze kufike kumakhilomitha amahlanu. Noma isakhi samanzi akuyona isithiyo kubo, izinyoka zingawela kalula amabanga amakhulu. Izinyoka ezijwayelekile azikugweme ukuhlala kwabantu futhi zivame ukutholakala kumapaki, emapulazini abantu, emasimini atshaliwe, futhi zinokuhlala ezindlini ezingaphansi kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezakhiwo ezilahliwe, ezichithwe noma ezingonakalisiwe.

Incazelo

Izinyoka zingaba ubude nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ngokuqondene nokuchazwa kwenyoka yenyoka, ingakhula ibe ngamamitha amane ubude. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi ezinye izinyoka azikwazi ukuba ngaphezu kwama-cm angama-30. Kulesi simo, imizimba yazo izoba mfushane, kepha ibe mikhulu kunaleya eqhuma njalo. Umuntu omdala walolu hlobo angaba nesisindo esingama-20 kg.

Ikhanda labo lingunxantathu, linokuvezwa kwezinhlamvu ezinhlangothini. Njengoba kungenzeka usuyazi, izinyoka eziningi zinamehlo akhule kahle, futhi inyoka yayingahlukile kulokhu. Ukufanela kwalokhu kulele kubafundi abambekile, okuthi, ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, bandise, futhi bangagcwalise indiza yonke yeso. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, inyoka iyabona ngisho nasebusuku.

I-sner ingeyezinhlobo ezinoshevu wezinyoka, futhi ngenxa yalokho inezinhlaka zokuziphatha ezitholakala emhlathini ongenhla, kanye nezindlala ezinoshevu. Lawa ma fangs angafinyelela amasentimitha amane ubude. Lapho umlomo uvaliwe, agoqwa.

Uma ifiswa, inyoka ingavula umlomo wayo ngama-degrees angama-180. Ukuze ilahle ubuthi, inyoka idinga ukungenela izicubu ezungeze imisele.

Ngabe sidlani inyoka ejwayelekile?

Photo: Grey evamile viper

Imenyu ye-Viper ingabizwa ngokuthi ihluke kakhulu. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ibamba ukudla okutholakalayo endaweni ethile.

Izinyoka ezivamile zidla:

Kuyizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincane ezivame ukudonsa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane: isikhonyane, izimvemvane, izimbungulu, izidumbu zomhlaba, amasizi, izintuthwane.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Phakathi kwezinyoka, kwenzeka into engemnandi njenge-cannibalism kwesinye isikhathi. Owesifazane ungadla amawundlu akhe asanda kuzalwa. Ngokuvamile lokhu kubangelwa ukuntuleka kokudla.

Ngokuphathelene nokudla, inyoka ejwayelekile ingagijimisa isuka kwelinye uye kwelinye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, unesifiso esihle sokudla futhi unempilo enhle kakhulu, emvumela ukuthi adle amasele amabili noma amagundane ngasikhathi sinye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-reptile mayingadli izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha (kusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye), futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho monakalo othize emzimbeni. Izikhathi ezinjalo zokubulawa yindlala zenzeka ebusika, lapho inyoka ingena kwi-stupor ethile, yehlisa zonke izinqubo zomzimba, idla emafutheni aqongelelwe phakathi nenkathi yehlobo. Okunye isizathu sokudla okude kangaka kuyaphoqelelwa, kungenxa yokushoda kwezindawo zokuphakelayo endaweni yeqhubu.

Inyoka evamile ingumzingeli omuhle kakhulu, ihlasela inyamazane yayo ngesivinini sombani, ngaphandle kokulibala. Ukuhlasela kuphela ngokuluma okunobuthi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kufika umzuzwana wokulinda ukufa noma ukwenza buthaka kohlukumezekile, lapho kuphela lapho inyoka iqala ukudla. Njengoba esephilisiwe, ubuyela endaweni yakhe yokuhlala ukugaya akudlile, le nqubo ivame ukuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa. Inyoka futhi inomswakama owanele ekudleni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi iphuza amazolo noma amanzi emvula.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Snake viper

Izinyoka ezisebenzayo ziqala entwasahlobo, le nkathi iwela ngoMashi-Ephreli. Abesilisa ngabokuqala ukuphuma ku-stupor yabo, khona-ke izintokazi nazo ziyadonswa. Kwabesilisa, kwanele ukuthi umoya ufudumele kusuka kuma-19 kuye kwangama-24 degrees, kuyilapho abesimame bakhetha izinga lokushisa elifudumele - cishe ngama-28 degrees enophawu lokuhlanganisa.

Ama-Vipers ayathanda ukugcwala ilanga lokuqala lwentwasahlobo, ngakho-ke ahlala ekhwela ematsheni afudumele, ezigxotsheni nasezihlahleni eziwile, angahlala khona ngqo lapho okuwela khona ilanga. Vele, ngesikhathi sasehlobo esishisayo, bacasha kusuka ekushiseni okungabekezeleleki ezindlini zabo zokugcina ezifihliwe. Ngemuva kokuphumula, ama-sner asika elangeni, esakaza izimbambo zawo ezinhlangothini, ngakho-ke kubukeka kuthambile, njengekhaba. Uma i-reptile ikhathazekile ngokuthile, khona-ke umzimba wayo uyaqina, uzungezwe futhi ulungele ukuphonsa, ufane nentwasahlobo.

Lapho ukushayisana nomuntu ongaphili ngendlela engenakugwemeka, inyoka ihlelwe ngejubane lombani, igoqeke ibe yisiyingi, kusukela emgodini lapho kubonakale khona intamo nekhanda. Le ntokazi ethukuthele inyoka ifunga ngokudabukisayo, iqhubekela phambili ingxenye yesithathu yomzimba wayo oguqukayo, kwindandatho ecindezelwe, iya phambili esitha.

Izilwane zasendle ezifuywayo zithuthukisa ukuzingela kusihlwa. Kuyabonakala ukuthi uguquka kanjani, eba ngumuntu okhohlisayo kakhulu, onelukuluku, onenhloso, ngokuqhathaniswa namahora esikhathi sasemini, lapho inyoka iziphatha kabi, ngobuvila futhi isishimane esincane.Ngesikhathi sokufuna ukudla, inyoka isebenza ekuhlolweni okuphelele kwezimbobo, zonke izinhlobo zokuvula, amaqabunga awile, ukukhula kwesihlahla. Iphunga le-Superb kanye nokugqwayiza kwamehlo okuhle kakhulu kungabasizi abaphambili ekuzingeleni kusihlwa.

Ukuphola nezinzwa zensimbi ye-sner kwesinye isikhathi zimangalisa nje, kungaqamba amanga isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokunyakaza okukodwa, kulindwe ukudonsa kwayo. Kwenzeka ukuthi ngisho ne-rodent ayiboni, igibela ngqo emzimbeni womchithi wayo. Inyoka ilinda kuze kube yilapho isisulu singena ebangeni lokuphonswa kwalo okunobuthi ukwenza ukuluma okufihlayo. Uma ukuhlaselwa kungaphumeleli, inyoka ayiphishekeli ukuyixosha, kodwa iqala ukulinda ngesineke inyamazane elandelayo.

Uma inyoka ingabambeki ekuzingeleni, khona-ke ayinabo ubutha obuthile futhi ngeke iqale ukuzixhaphaza yona uqobo kuqala. Ukubona umuntu, uzama ukuthatha umhlalaphansi, uma engakucasuli nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ama-Vipers ahlakaniphile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ahlala kusenesikhathi ezindaweni zawo zokufihla ubusika ngaphambi kokuthi iqhwa lingene, likulawo kuze kufike izinsuku ezifudumele zasentwasahlobo. Ezinye izinyoka eziningi zibanda ngamanani amakhulu ngesikhathi sasebusika esinzima, kepha izinyoka zihlukile.

Kunencazelo engaphezu kweyodwa yalokhu:

• ezindlini zokukhosela ebusika, izinyoka zikhetha imisele yemagundane nezimpundane, kodwa azibambi, ngoba zijule ngokwanele,
• kuvame ukuphindaphinda hibernate njengeqembu lonke, kufakwe ebhendini elikhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kufudumezane,
• Izinyoka zizwela kakhulu futhi zingalindela ukuqala kwesithwathwa.

Ukuqothuka kwenyoka kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha, kuthi lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, kuphume izinyoka ezindlini zokukhosela zithuthele ekushiseni kwelanga ukufudumele futhi elangeni.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Izinyoka ezijwayelekile zivuthwa ngokobulili eduze kweminyaka emine noma emihlanu ubudala. Zizala unyaka nonyaka, kepha abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, lapho ihlobo lifushane kakhulu, bazala amawundlu ngonyaka emva kokukhulelwa ngowesilisa. Isikhathi semishado ye-viper siba ngoMeyi; sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoka azihambi ngababili kuphela, kepha zivame ukusontelana zibe amabhola wezinyoka eziyishumi nambili. Abesilisa bathola abashadikazi abangaba khona ngokuhogela.

Ukunqotshwa kwentokazi yenhliziyo kuhambisana nempi yokulwa yomjaho wezinqola, okusikhumbuza imidanso yesiko. Ama-duelists ame maqondana nomunye, anikine amakhanda, ngaphambi kokujikijela. Lapho umzabalazo uqala, lapho-ke, bethangana, izinyamazane zizama ukusunduza phansi umphikisi. Lowo onqobile, uthola ilungelo lokushada nowesifazane okhethiwe.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Kuyamangaza ukuthi ngesikhathi sokulwa, ukulwa kwabantu besilisa akubabulali ubuthi komunye nomunye.

Ngemuva kokukhulelwa komlingani, owesilisa uyamshiya, futhi umama wesikhathi esizayo ulindele ukuba inzalo ivele iyodwa. Izinyoka ezijwayelekile zingezinyoka ezi-ovoviviparous, azizali amaqanda, ziyavuthwa futhi zikhule esibelethweni sikamama. Imvamisa, inani lamaqanda e-fetus liyahlukahluka lisuka ku-10 liye ku-20, kepha eminye imibungu iyakhishwa, ngakho inyoka inamawundlu ayi-8 kuye kwayi-12. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu. Ngaphandle, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zifana ngokuphelele nabazali bazo, zincane kakhulu, ubude bazo abudluli ku-16 cm.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zenyoka evamile sezivele zizimele ngokuphelele, zinobuthi, zingazivikela futhi zilume.

Kwesinye isikhathi kungakapheli amahora ambalwa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izinsana ziqala ukuncibilika, ngakho-ke azinuki kusuka esidlekeni. Lapho nje kuzofakwa esikalini, izinyoka ziyahlakazeka zifuna ukudla, zibambe zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane. Ukukhula okuncane kukhula ngokujulile esikhathini esifudumele sesikhathi, bese kuthi, kanye nezihlobo ezivuthiwe, bangene ekuzithokozeni. Ngaphansi kwezimo zasendle zemvelo, izinyoka ziphila iminyaka eyi-15, yize ingahlala ekudingisweni isikhathi eside.

Izitha zemvelo zezinyoka ezijwayelekile

Isithombe: I-Red Book Viper

Yize inyoka iyingozi futhi inobuthi, inezitha eziningi ngokwemvelo ezingayesabi ubuthi bayo futhi ayinayo indathane yokudla inyama yenyoka. Ngokumangazayo, omunye wabahlakani abangalungile yi-hedgehog ejwayelekile, ungena ngesibindi empini naleli bhula, ngoba alizukuvikela ubuthi balo. Ama-hedgehogs anamaqhinga awo angenakuqhathaniswa ngesikhathi sokulwa: lowo onobuhlakani ukwazile ukuluma isidalwa esidliwayo esinomzimba, abese egoba ibhola ngokushesha, eveza izikhala zalo ezibukhali, inyoka engeke ikwazi ukubhekana nayo. Lokhu kuyaphindwa kuze kube yilapho inyoka iba buthaka futhi ife.

Ngaphezu kwama-hedgehogs, phakathi kwezitha zenyoka ungabona:

Hhayi izilwane kuphela, kepha futhi ezinye izinyoni zibamba ngempumelelo izinyoka, lezi yilezi: izikhova, izinyoka, izinyoni, izingwamza. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi amakha ngokwawo adla omunye komunye, ehlushwa yi-cannibalism.

Noma kunjalo, izitha eziyingozi kakhulu futhi ezingenakunqotshwa zezinyoka ngabantu abaphazamisa impilo yabo yenyoka, abhubhise izindawo ezingaphambi kokuphakanyiswa. Abantu babamba izinyoka ngemithi, babhubhisa izinyoka ngokungemthetho ngenxa yokuqoqwa kobuthi babo, obusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha. Ngokusekelwe kukho konke okuchaziwe, uyaqonda ukuthi impilo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo akulula futhi ukuyilindisa akulula.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: Izinyoka ezijwayelekile ezimnyama

Njengoba sesitholile, uhla lokuxazululwa kwenyoka ejwayelekile likhulu kakhulu, kepha inani labantu balesi silwanyana esijabulisayo lehle ngokuncipha. Isizathu isici esibi somuntu. Ukuzala umsebenzi onobudlova, abantu abacabangi ngabafowethu abancane, okwenza umonakalo kubantu abaningi, kubandakanya inyoka evamile. Ukukhula kwamadolobha, ukubekwa kwemigwaqo emisha, ukoma kwezindawo zokubhukuda, ukulinywa kwezindawo ezinkulu zezindawo zokulima ezitshaliwe, ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi - konke lokhu kuholela ekufeni kwenqwaba yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezilahlekelwa izindawo zazo zokuhlala nokudla okunothile. Inani lezinyoka eliphelele liyanyamalala ezindaweni lapho lalihlala khona unomphela.

Ngaphezu kokuhlaselwa kwabantu endaweni yezinyoka, izinyoka nazo zilimala ngenxa yobuthi bazo, obusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha, ngoba buthinta ukuvuvukala, buxazulula amathumba, futhi buthakathaka ngokuphelele. Embonini yezimonyo, ubuthi benyoka buye budingeka.

Njengoba sekushiwo, ezweni lakithi inyoka ihlakazeka ngokungalingani: kwezinye izifunda ubukhulu bayo buphakeme, kwezinye buyehluleka ngokuphelele. Kwezinye izindawo, kancane kancane inyamalala ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yezimo ezinhle zempilo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo endaweni ethile, ezihlala zincike kubantu.

Akunandaba ukuthi wazi kangakanani, inani lama-viper liyancipha minyaka yonke, ngakho-ke eRussia inyoka ibhalwe kwiBhuku eliBomvu lezinye izifunda kanye nama-republic. Emazweni aseYurophu, izindaba eziphathelene nenani lamanyoka zimbi kakhulu.

Ukuvikelwa kwezinyoka ezijwayelekile

Isithombe: Viper ezivamile

Sithole ukuthi inani lezinyoka ezivamile lingaphansi kwezici eziningi ezingezinhle, ngokuyinhloko lezo ezivela kubantu, ngenxa yalokho inani lazo liyehla ngokuqinile. Indoda isusa inyoka ezindaweni zayo zokuhlala unomphela ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene zalo, kwesinye isikhathi ezixakile futhi ezinobugovu. Izinyoka kufanele zithuthe futhi zizinze ezindaweni ezintsha, okuholela ekufeni kwabantu abaningi.

EYurophu, izinyoka zivame ukubhujiswa ngokungemthetho futhi zibanjiselwe ukuthunyelwa emfuthweni yangasese. E-Romania, izinyoka ziyahlukunyezwa ngokungemthetho, ziqoqa ubuthi bazo ezilusizo kwezokwelapha nase-cosmetology. Yize inyoka ikwazile ukusabalala cishe kuyo yonke indawo yaseYurophu, isongelwa njengohlobo. Ngenxa yalokhu, inyoka le ivikelwe eJalimane isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

Ezweni lethu, i-viper ejwayelekile nayo yaqala ukunyamalala ezindaweni eziningi lapho yayibonwa kaningi ngaphambili, ngakho-ke lesi sitho esidliwayo sibhalwe kwiRed Book yezifunda zase Samara, eMosos, Saratov, Orenburg nase Nizhny Novgorod. Kubhalwe futhi eNcwadini ebomvu yamazwe anjengeMordovia, Tatarstan neKomi. Isimo seenyoka sifakwe kuhlu "njengezinhlobo ezisengozini, ezincipha ngesibalo." Abantu kumele bavame ukucabanga ngemiphumela yezenzo zabo, okushona kuyo kubamele abaningi be-fauna.

Ekuphetheni, kusasele ukwengeza lokho izinyoka ezivamile hhayi ethukile futhi uthukuthele njengoba becabanga ngaye. Lokhu okuhuqayo kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu ngokulawula inani lamagundane ayingozi, avame ukuthwala izifo eziyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimboni zemithi nezemvelo zisebenzisa kakhulu ubuthi balenyoka ngezinhloso ezinhle. Ungesabi inyoka ejwayelekile, ngoba ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala ukuhlaselwa kwayo kungukutholakala.

Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila

Umsebenzi obalulekile wenyoka uhlotshaniswa kuphela nesikhathi esifudumele, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wawo uboniswa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho imisebe yelanga iqala ukufudumeza umhlaba. Ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi ifudumele ifinyelele kumazinga okushisa angaba ngu-20 degrees, abesilisa baqala ukubonakala ngaphezulu. Abesifazane baqala ukushiya izindawo zabo zokukhosela ekushiseni okungaba ngama-28 degrees.

Inyoka ayinazo izitho noma okunye okokuhlangana, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwayo kuhlobene ngqo namandla ayo. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esiningi sasemini, inyoka isendaweni yokukhosela noma ivezwe ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngasikhathi sinye, inyoka ingalala ngezindlela ezihlukile, kuye ngezimo zokuphila. Lapho i-reptile isesimweni esihlelekile, khona-ke izimbambo zayo ziyasuswa zihlukaniswe nomzimba uthambile, ukuze ikwazi ukuthola ukushisa okuphezulu emisebeni yelanga. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, umzimba wenyoka uqhakaza, njengesiphethu, ngenkathi ungaba sesimweni esifanayo.

Umzuzu othokozisayo! Inyoka inokusabela okuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ingahle inyamalale engozini futhi iphonse indlela eya ekuphangeni.

Uma kwenzeka ingozi, inyoka igoqa ibhola, ukusuka enkabeni lapho ikhanda layo linamathela khona, entanyeni egobekile, efana nesimo sencwadi ethi "S". Uma kunesidingo, inyoka iqala ukwenza imisindo emangalisayo bese iphonsa ikhanda layo phambili. Ngasikhathi sinye, unyakazisa leli tangle lapho elibeka engcupheni.

Kusihlwa noma ebusuku, izinyoka ziya ukuzingela ziyofuna ukudla. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhamba kalula futhi ahlole izindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene, lapho izilwane ezahlukahlukene eziyingxenye yokudla kwakhe zingacasha.

Inyoka inombono omuhle futhi unephunga elihle kakhulu lokuhogela. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi akwazi ukungena ngisho nasemibhalweni yamagundane, lapho akwazi ukubhekana kalula nababili abadala namawundlu.

Inyoka ayikwazi nje ukuzifunela ngenkuthalo ukudla, kodwa futhi nokuqunjelwa, ilinde kuze kube yilapho inyamazane uqobo ingavela phakathi kokuphonswa ngqo yinyoka. Uma inyoka ingenanhlanhla, futhi ikhumbula, khona-ke ngeke isisukele isisulu sayo, kodwa izolindwa ize inenhlanhla. Uma inyoka inenhlanhla, khona-ke izinsuku eziningana ngeke ivele ebusweni, kodwa izohlala endaweni yayo yokuhlala, igaye ukudla.

Inyoka eyondliwe kahle noma eyodwa engazingeli ayikhombisi ulaka kuqala. Ngakho-ke, lapho ehlangana nengozi noma nomuntu, uzama ukushanela endaweni ephephile, ikakhulukazi uma ecasukelwa ukuba ahlasele.

Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zokuphola, izinyoka zizama ukuzinza "ezindlini" zazo zobusika, ngakho-ke ukupholisa kwalezi ezihuqayo ngeke kusamangele. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi cishe bonke abantu basinda kuze kube sentwasahlobo, okuhambisana nezincazelo eziningi.

• Njengezindawo zokuhlala izinyoka, imisele imisebe ngaphansi kwezinga lokuqandeka kwenhlabathi.
• Ama-Vipers ubusika emphakathini osondelene wabantu abaningana abambalwa, abathandanayo.
• Ama-Vipers angabikezela kalula ukufika kokupholisa okuncane kakhulu. Bakwenza kanjani, ngenkathi ososayensi bengazi.

Ebusika "amakamelo" amachaphaza ebusika ahlala izinyanga eziyisithupha futhi entwasahlobo kuphela, lapho kuqala ukushisa kwangempela, avele ebusweni bomhlaba.

Zingaki izinyoka ezihlala

Endle, izinyoka azihlali iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 ngokwesilinganiso. Kulolu hlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo, leli yigama elibonakalayo, uma kunikezwe inani lezinto ezithinta kabi isikhathi sokuphila. Ama-Vipers agcinwe kwizindawo zokufunda izinyoka, izithombo zezinyoka, kanye nezimo ezifuywayo, sekuphele iminyaka engama-20 aphila. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba bondla njalo, bahlala ezimweni eziseduze nemvelo, abanazitha zemvelo, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, banosizo lwezilwane olufika ngesikhathi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi ukusebenza kwezinyoka kuncike kwimvamisa yokuzalela. Ngakho-ke, abantu abahlala ezifundeni ezibandayo baphila isikhathi eside.

Inhlekelele yenyoka ejwayelekile

I-Viper venom ayiyona into edlula ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana aphezulu ezinhlaka zamaprotheni ezingaba nethonya le-hemolytic necrotizing ekwakhiweni kwegazi. Ngaphezu kwezakhi zamaprotheni, ukwakheka kwetyhefu kufaka i-neurotoxins, enomphumela omubi ekusebenzeni kohlelo lwezinhliziyo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukuluma kwenyoka elijwayelekile akuvami kuholele ekufeni, ngoba ukugcwala kwezinto ezilimazayo akukuphakeme kakhulu ukubulala umuntu omdala. Ngokuqondene nezingane, kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo, ukulunywa yizinyoka kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi eminingana, njengoku:

• Isimo eshaqisayo.
• Ukuminyana kwegazi.
• Ukuboniswa kwe-anemia eyingozi.

Ngemuva kwenyoka, ngisho nasendaweni yosizo lokuqala kanye nokuthuthuka okubonakalayo empilweni, kuyadingeka ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.

I-Viper venom, ngokungadingeki ngokwanele, inamandla okwelapha, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha ukukhiqiza izidakamizwa ze-analgesic, ezitholakalayo, ezilwa nokuvuvukala nezama-analgesic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlungu se-viper sisetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwezimonyo. Kulokhu, i-sner evamile ibhekwa njengento ebalulekile yenzalo yezomnotho nesayensi.

Habitat

Izinyoka ezivamile zinendawo ebanzi yokuhlala, ngakho-ke zingatholakala ezwekazini lase-Yurobiya, zivela eSakhalin, enyakatho Korea, nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina futhi ziphela neSpain nasenyakatho nePortugal. Ensimini yaseRussia, inyoka ejwayelekile isatshalaliswa cishe kuyo yonke i-Middle Strip, iqala kusukela e-Arctic futhi iphetha ngesitebhisi se-steppe eningizimu. Ngasikhathi sinye, abantu, ngokuya ngendalo yemvelo, basatshalaliswa ngokungalingani:

• Ezimweni ezingakufanele ukuhlala kwezinyoka, ubukhulu babantu bufika ku-0,15 izingcezu nge-1 km yendlela.
• Ezimweni ezikufanele kakhulu ukuhlala kwenyoka, ubukhulu babantu bufika ezingxenyeni ezi-3.5 ikhilomitha eli-1 lomzila.

Imvamisa, ezimweni zemvelo, kutholakala izinyoka emaphethelweni amaxhaphozi, ezindaweni ezigawulwa yihlathi, ekushisweni ngokweqile komhlaba, emahlathini amahlathi ahlanganisiwe nasezimbizeni ezinqenqemeni lomfula kanye nemizimba ehlukahlukene yamanzi. I-Viper iyatholakala nasezintabeni, ezindaweni eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-3.

Njengomthetho, izinyoka zihlala phansi futhi kuyaqabukela ukuzibona ziqhubeka amamitha ayi-100 ukusuka ezidlekeni zazo. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ukunyakaza okuthile kwabantu abadala ukuya ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-5 kuyenzeka, ngenkathi aminyoka angakwazi ukubhukuda imifula ebanzi nezinye izidumbu zamanzi. Ama-Vipers nawo atholakala emadolobheni nakwezinye izindawo lapho angahlala khona endaweni enamahlathi, kanye nasezakhiweni ezingaphansi kwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, engadini nakwezinye izindawo zasemapulazini.

Badlani

Ukudla okungokwesiko kwalezo ezihuquzelayo kuqukethe izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, yize ngezikhathi ezithile zingathokozela nabameleli begazi ababandayo, njengamaxoxo namacembe. Kunezikhathi lapho inyoka idla khona amazinyane ayo. Ama-Vipers abhekwa njengezidalwa ezinobuhle impela futhi angasebenzisa amasele amaningi noma ama-rodent ekuhambeni okukodwa.Naphezu kwalezi zinkomba, izinyoka zingaphila ngaphandle kokudla izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu. Izici ezifanayo zibekwa ezingeni lokuphilayo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ebusika, i-viper isesimweni sokugqwayiza okulengisiwe, futhi isebenzisa izinqolobane zomzimba wayo ukuqinisekisa izinqubo ezibalulekile.
• Izinyoka zingabulawa yindlala ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla okujwayelekile.

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo kungumthombo womswakama kubo, yize kwesinye isikhathi amaqhubu ethola ukungabikho komswakama ngenxa yamazolo noma izimvula.

Ukuzalela

Kwenye indawo ngonyaka we-4 noma we-5 wokuphila, izinyoka ziba ngabantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi. Njengomthetho, lezi ezihuquzelayo zizalela unyaka nonyaka, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezibandayo, lapho izingane zizalwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siba ngenyanga kaMeyi futhi sihlala amasonto amathathu. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoka zitholakala ngababili, noma abantu abathile abasonteke baba yibhola. Amaduna anquma indawo yabantu besifazane ngephunga, kuyilapho bahlela ukulwa okungafani nhlobo nokunqoba ukuzwelana kwabesifazane. Ngokunokwenzeka, lolu uhlobo oluthile lwamasiko olunemithetho yalo.

Abesilisa bame phambi kwabo, baphakamise amakhanda bawasuse ngapha nangapha ngaphambi kokuba bahlaselane. Zishayisana nemizimba yazo futhi zibonakala zihlangana nazo, kanti izimbangi zazo zizama ukucindezela umphikisi phansi, zimjikisa ngemuva. Into ethokozisa kakhulu ukuthi abazisebenzisi isikhali sabo esikhulu ngokumelene nomunye, ngakho-ke abalumi kule mpi. Owinayo ugcina ilungelo lokufaka izinsikazi. Ukuthunyelwa komuntu wesilisa kulesi sigaba kuyaphela, ngoba insikazi evundisiwe izonakekela inzalo yayo uqobo. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bahoxa futhi baphile ngendlela ehlukile.

Ama-Vipers angabamele abameleli be-viviparous bomndeni onjalo, ngakho-ke, inqubo yokukhula kwamaqanda yenzeka ngaphakathi kwezinsikazi, emva kwalokho amathole azalwa elungele impilo yokuzimela. Inani lemibungu lingaba ku-10 kuye ku-20, kanti inzalo ayiveli kuwo wonke amaqanda. Imvamisa, ezinye zazo ziyabanda bese ziyaxazulula, ngakho-ke cishe izinyoka ezi-10 zivela ekukhanyeni. Ngemuva kokuphola, zizalwa kwenye indawo ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, kusukela maphakathi noJulayi kuya kuSepthemba. Amawundlu angaphezulu kuka-15 cm ubude, ngenkathi ethula amakhophi agcwele wabazali bawo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Amawundlu ezinyoka azalwa ahlukanisa iqiniso lokuthi anobuthi njengabazali bawo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuwadlula.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, inzalo encane iqala ukuncibilika, emva kwalokho isabalale ngezindlela ezihlukene ifuna ukudla. Isikhathi esisele ngaphambi kwamakhaza, izinyoka ezincane zikhula ngentshiseko, zidla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene kanye nezibungu. Bahlala abantu abadala ezindlini zabo zokukhosela.

Izitha zemvelo zenyoka

Emvelweni yemvelo kunezinani elanele lezilwane ezingasabi ubuthi bezidalwa ezinobuthi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

Phezu kwezilwane, amabhungane azingelwa yizinyoni ezidla ezinye njengokuthi:

Imvamisa, ama-hedgehogs amahlathi alwa nezinyoka, yize lezi ezihuquzelayo zingeyona ingxenye yokudla kwazo. Futhi nokho, isitha esikhulu seenyoka ngumuntu ongacabangi ngokuphelele, lapho kunesidingo futhi lapho kungenasidingo, ubabhubhisa. Banenkinga yokuthi bahlala bezinzwa izinyoka ukuthola ubuthi. Abazingeli abaningi abangafaneleki be-trearium nabo babamba izinyoka, ngoba muva nje sekuyinto yemfashini ukugcina izilwane ezifuywayo ekhaya.

Ukuluma kwe-Viper ukuluma

Ama-Vipers yizinyoka ezahlukahlukene eziguqulwa nezimo zokuphila eziphansi, ngakho-ke zitholakala e-UK nase Scandinavia. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, kuye kwazalwa izinganekwane eziningi, ezihlotshaniswa nokwesaba ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana kanjani lapho ehlangana nezinyoka. Okuyisisekelo kunazo zonke kulokhu ukuthi amaqhuqha, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zinhlobo luphi, ayabulala. Eqinisweni, ukulunywa yinyoka akuvamile ukubangela ukufa futhi kunezincazelo zalokhu. Ukuqoqwa kobuthi kuncane kangangokuba kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Iqiniso ngukuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza ubuthi iyabiza impela futhi inyoka ihlala iyisindisa. Ngakho-ke, abantu abadala abanempilo akufanele besabe ukulunywa yizinyoka, kepha izingane, kanye nabantu ababuthakathaka, inyoka ingabulala.

Inganekwane yesibili ukuthi inyoka ithathwa njengesilwane esinamaphiko esinolaka. Eqinisweni, inkinga ayikho ezinyangeni, kodwa kumuntu uqobo, onethuba lokuvusa inyoka ukuba ihlasele. Ngobungozi obuncane, inyoka ngokushesha izama ukucasha endaweni yayo ngokushesha okukhulu. Into esemqoka ukuthi umuntu uhlala elalelisisa futhi ezigwema izindawo eziyingozi. Izenzo ezinjalo zingabeka eceleni ukulunywa yinyoka.

Uma, noma kunjalo, inyoka ilume, khona-ke udinga ukuxhumana nesikhungo sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqala ukususa imiphumela emibi. Kulomuntu kuyadingeka ukuthi athule futhi alale anganyakazi, amenzele isiphuzo esiningi.

Njengomthetho, ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona izinyoka, abantu bagonywa ukuze imiphumela yokulunywa yinyoka ibe mincane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umzimba kuzodingeka ulwe kanzima izinsuku eziningana. Njengoba impilo ikhombisa, iningi labantu libhekana lodwa futhi ezimweni ezingafani nokufa kwenzeka.

Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Viper

I-Dinnik viper ivame ukutholakala kakhulu ezintabeni eziseNyakatho Caucasus. Unombala okhanya ukwedlula izihlobo zakhe. Lapho ungahlangana ne-Kazerakov, i-viper Lotiev ne-viper Orlov. Zitholakala kuphela ezintabeni ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zeNyakatho Caucasus. Ezintabeni zeKrasnodar Territory ne-Adygea, kukhona inyoka, noma inyoka enhle kakhulu.

Esifundeni saseRussia okuthiwa i-steppe-steppe kukhona ama-Nikolsky viper kanye ne-steppe viper.

Olunye uhlobo lohlobo lwezinyoka zeqiniso inyoka yeSakhalin. Uhlala eSakhalin, eziNtabeni zasePrimorsky naseKhabarovsk, kanye naseziQhingini zaseShantar.

Abamele izinyoka ezinolaka kakhulu futhi eziyingozi izinyoka ezinkulu. Enye yezinhlobo ezitholakala eDagestan, yi-gyurza. Inyoka ibhekwa njengomuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke emndenini wayo.

Ngiyayithanda bonga inyoka!

Bhalisela kuIsiteshi sami sezinkomo , phambi kwemininingwane eminingi ethokozisayo ngezilwane.

Uma ilunywe yisengezo

Inyoka ejwayelekile ayilokothi ihlasele umuntu wokuqala noma izilwane (ngaphandle kwalezo ezidla inyama yayo). Lapho ihlangana nomuntu wesilisa, inyoka izama ukukhwela eceleni icashe. Ezimweni ezingandile, lapho eshushiswa, uphoqelelwa ukuba azivikele, esebenzisa amazinyo anobuthi. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ukuluma kuyabulala. Njengomthetho, izisulu zilulama ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ukulimala okuyingozi kakhulu ekhanda nasentanyeni, ikakhulukazi lapho ubuthi bungena ngqo esitsheni esikhulu segazi.

Ukusuka kokulunywa yinyoka, inxeba linendlela yamaphoyinti amabili - iminonjana yamazinyo anobuthi, futhi uma ukuluma kujule, khona-ke kuvela amaphuzu amane.

Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo zensimu ukususwa kwengxenye ebalulekile yobuhlungu obethulwe yinyoka enxebeni kungafezeka ngokuxhamazela ngokushesha ngemuva kokuluma kungakapheli imizuzu engama-3-10. Kodwa-ke, abaningi babheka isilinganiso esinjalo njengokungenamsebenzi futhi esilimazayo. Futhi okungafanele kwenziwe ngempela ukuphoqelela umqhudelwano wensimbi owenziwe ngentambo, irabha noma enye into, ngoba lokhu kungadala ukumiswa ngokuphelele kokujikeleza kwegazi. Akufanele futhi uphuze utshwala lapho uluma. Utshwala ngokushesha buhluza imithambo yegazi futhi kusheshise ukufakwa kobuthi.

Usizo lwangempela kulowo ohlukunyezwe ngamazinyo wenyoka ukumyisa esikhungweni sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu, lapho ezofakwa khona nge-antivenom serum.

Naphezu kobungozi bezinyoka, asikho isidingo sokumemezela impi kubo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngokwemvelo yazo lezi zinyoka azinalo ulaka, futhi isibalo sazo siyancipha minyaka yonke ezifundeni eziningi. Ubuhlungu benyoka bubaluleke kakhulu embonini yezemithi, ngakho-ke kufanele kutholakale izindlela ezivikelekile zokuvikela lezi zinyoka.

Qaphela!

Uma ngabe bekudingeka ubone isithombe senyoka, khona-ke kungenzeka wazi ukuthi imvelo yabavuza ngezinhlobo eziningi zemibala. Kaningi ungahlangana nabesilisa abanemibala engwevu nabesifazane - nsundu. Umbala uvame ukuhlanjululwa ngamaphethini, amabala nemivimbo ehamba ngemuva.

Umsoco

Manje njengoba sesazi ukuthi inyoka yenyoka ibukeka kanjani, singakhuluma ngalokho ekhetha njengokudla. Okokuqala, izinyoka zingabazingeli abalindele inyamazane yabo futhi bahlasele besendaweni esecashile futhi engabonakali.

Imvamisa bayazingela ebusuku, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi sosuku banethuba ngenxa yokubona, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukubabona besesimweni esinjalo.

Isisekelo sokudla yizilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni, amasele noma izibungu. Ngamaqhuqha amancane, konke akusemnandi kakhulu - inyama ayivelakancane, ngenxa yobukhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho kufanele yaneliswe ngamavemvane, izimbungulu ngisho nesikhonyane.

Izitha

Phambilini, sike sathola ukuthi inyoka inyoka enobuthi noma cha, ngakho-ke singafunga ukuthi izitha zalolu hlobo kungenzeka ukuthi ziyizilwane ezingawesabi ubuthi bazo, noma zingakwazi ukubhekana naleliya hloka ngaphandle kokuzivumela zilume. Ama-Vipers angaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-20, kepha iminyaka yawo ingafinyezwa yibi, i-fox noma i-ferret.

Ngingathanda nokukhipha izingulube zasendle - lokhu kunjalo uma isitha singakhathaleli ubuthi benyoka. Izinkukhu zasendle zivikelekile ngokuphelele kubuthi benyoka, futhi ngenxa yalokho unganqikazi ukuzihlasela uma kungenzeka.

I-Viper noma vele

Isihloko esisodwa esithandwa kakhulu esifundeni sethu, futhi ngesizathu. Konke ngoba inyoka inyoka evame kakhulu emazweni e-CIS. Ngaphandle, banokufana okuqinile, ngenxa yokuthi ungahamba ngesaba, noma uhlupheke kakhulu.

Okokuqala udinga ukubheka ngokucophelela ukubukeka, ngoba zitholakala ezindaweni ezifanayo. Isici esahlukile senyoka yizindawo eziphuzi ekhanda. Kungenzeka ukuthi basalolintshi, kepha bahlala bekhona.

Futhi, bheka usayizi - imvamisa izinyoka zikhula isikhathi eside kunezinyoka, kepha ungahle ungabi nenhlanhla. Kulokhu, uhlangana ngengozi nenyoka imfushane kunokujwayelekile, noma inyoka ende kakhulu.

Kulokhu, bhekisisa umsila - umfishane, kepha mkhulu kunenyoka. Endabeni yenyoka, okuphambene nalokho kuyiqiniso - isikhathi eside, kepha kuncane. Into ebonakala kakhulu ngama-fangs, inyoka vele ayinayo, kepha inyoka enobuthi isenayo.

Imvelo nendlela yokuphila yenyoka

Ama-Vipers awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi abagijimi, ngoba ahamba kancane. Bayakwazi ukuchitha usuku lonke belele ngaphandle kokunyakaza okungadingekile. Kepha ekuqaleni kokusa, izinyoka ziba matasa kakhulu bese ziqala indlela yazo eziyithandayo - ukuzingela.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abantu abakhulu bangaqamba amanga isikhathi eside, belindele ukuthi inyamazane uqobo lwayo iwele endaweni ethintekile, khona-ke inyoka ngeke iphuthe ithuba lokudla ngoba nayo uqobo ifike kuye isidlo sakusihlwa.

Isici esivelele sezinyoka ukuthi zikwazi ukubhula kahle ubuciko bokubhukuda, ngoba ukuwela umfula obanzi noma umzimba omkhulu wamanzi uyinto exakile.

Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi izinyoka zivame ukutholakala osebeni lwamanzi, kepha futhi azivimbi izimbotshana, futhi nakhu zimane zigcwele. Imvamisa abantu basebenzisa igama elithi “ixhaphozi eligcwele izinyoka”, futhi lokhu akunangqondo.

Ama-Vipers ayathanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezimanzi

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi izinyoka azinazo izitho, kepha lokhu akubakhathazi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, bangahamba ngokukhululeka ngosizo lweplastiki yabo yemvelo nomgogodla othambile. Izilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo kahle phakathi kwamatshe, izidalwa ezinwabuzelayo zikwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esihle.

Kepha iNKOSI ayizinikezi amandla lezi zidalwa ngokuzwa okuhle nokubona okuhle. Ezinyokeni, ukuvuleka kwendlebe akukho ngokuphelele, futhi izisekelo zamehlo zimbozwe ngesigaxa esimnyama sobala. Amajwabuzi ezihukhaphu asetshenzisiwe, futhi ngenxa yalokho awakwazi ukufiphala.

Kuyaziwa ngokweqiniso lokho izinyoka ezimnyama inyoka enobuthi. Umeleli kuphela walesi sigaba akabeki ingozi kubantu. Izimpawu zenyoka: izinyoka zinamazinyo amabili amakhulu lapho ubuthi buthelela khona.

Esithombeni inyoka emnyama

Umuthi onobuthi ukhiqizwa indlala ebhangqiwe etholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zamehlo, futhi ixhumeka emazinyweni ngeziqubu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zinesakhiwo samazinyo esijabulisayo. I-canine enobuthi itholakala kuthambo, elihamba phambili kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, lapho umlomo wenyoka uvaliwe, izinyo ligcina isikhundla esithe xaxa, kepha uma isidalwa sivula umlomo, i-fang enobuthi iba rack - ithatha isikhundla sibheke phezulu.

Izinyoka ezivamile. Lolu hlobo lwenyoka lubhekwa njengejwayelekile kakhulu. Lokhu okuhuqayo kufinyelela engxenyeni yemitha, kepha kutholakala abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke, ubude bawo ukusuka ekhanda kuye esiqongweni somsila ngamasentimitha angama-80.

Isici esahlukile senyoka yiphethini yaso ye-zigzag

Ukwakheka kwekhanda lakhe kunxantathu, kuyilapho le ngxenye imile ngokubonakalayo emzimbeni obukhulu. Imvelo inikeze izinyoka ezinemibala ehlukahlukene ehlukahlukene - ukusuka kumpunga ongafinyeleleki kuya onsundu obomvu onsundu. Kukhona nezinyoka ezimnyama, zomnqumo, zesiliva, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Isici esibonakalayo sokufaka umbala i-zigzag emnyama egijima kuwo wonke umgobongo. Hhayi kaningi ungahlangana nesengezo ngemivimbo emnyama etholakala ngaphesheya. Ekhanda lezilokotho kunophawu lwesibonakaliso sobunikazi ngendlela yencwadi uV noma u-X.

Ngokudlula enkabeni yamehlo, umucu omnyama ocacile udlula kuyo yonke indawo yekhanda. Iqiniso elikhangayo: abathumbi benyoka babala inani lezikali emzimbeni wenyoka bathola ukuthi cishe emzimbeni wonke maphakathi kukhona izikali ezingama-21 (akufane kube ngu-19 noma 23).

Empeleni, inyoka ngeke ilume abantu abangenacala. Uma kungenjalo nje kuphela isihambi esiqaphelayo, lapho-ke uzonikeza inkinga efanelekile. Izinyoka ezinje zibizwa ngokuthi zithanda ukuthula. Ukhetha ukuphuma ngokushesha endaweni lapho angabonakala khona futhi acashe khona.

ISteppe viper. Lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo lincane kakhulu ngosayizi yezinhlobo zangaphambili, futhi umuntu omdala, njengenhlalayenza, kuyaqabukela angafinyelela isigamu semitha. Ngokungafani nesihlobo sayo, inyoka ejwayelekile, i-steppe viper inomgogodla ophakanyisiwe, ophakamise kancane.

Ama-Vipers awaboni ngamehlo, okusho ukuthi impendulo yawo ishesha

Amakhala asika engxenyeni engezansi ye-septum yamakhala. Imicu emnyama ecijile lapho ibangana lonke ubude besiqu. Izindawo ezimnyama zibonakala kahle ezinhlangothini. Uma ujikisa isilwanyana sakho sokuphamba emhlane, ungabona ukuthi isisu sakhe siphuzi ngombala okhanyayo omningi.

Uma uqhathanisa ukuluma kwe-steppe futhi Ubuhlungu benyoka, khona-ke inketho yokuqala izoba yingozi kubantu. IGabon viper. Ummeleli ogqamile wezinyoka ezinobuthi zase-Afrika. Ngempela umuntu oqinile lo.

IGabon viper itholakala e-Afrika

Umzimba wakhe mncane - amamitha ayi-2.0 noma ngaphezulu, futhi isisindo sabantu abakhuluphele sifinyelela ku-8-10 kg. Inyoka imangalisa kakhulu ngombala wayo ogqamile we-motley, ofana nekhaphethi eyenziwe ngopende eyenziwe ngezandla.

Imidwebo igcwele bobunjwa obuhlukahlukene bejometri yemibala ehlukahlukene egcwele egcwele - upinki, i-cherry, ulamula, ubisi, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le inyoka ibonwa njengenye ebulala kakhulu, kepha ngenxa yokuthi i-phlegmatic kakhulu, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi akuyona ingozi njengoba wonke umuntu ecabanga ngayo.

Ingaphakanyiswa ngensila yomsila ngaphandle kokwesaba impilo, ibekwe emuva, kepha ayifuni nokwenza ukubukeka okunamandla. Kepha kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ukudeda inyoka, ngoba ngokufutheka ihlala isikhathi eside futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi “ithesane” ngayo.

Phakathi kokunye, inyoka yaseGabon inamazinyo amade kakhulu, igcwele ubuthi. Bukela i isithombe sezinyoka ungabona izimpawu zokuphindaphindayo.

Hhawu.Izinyoka azizona abameleli abanobuthi bezinyoka. Hlukanisa vele kusuka izinyoka kungenzeka ezindaweni ezinamawolintshi akhanyayo aseceleni kwekhanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezingane eziyindilinga zamehlo, futhi ezinhlotsheni ezichazwe ekuqaleni, nakuzo zonke ezinye, umfundi uncishisiwe futhi utholakala ngokuthe nkqo.

Futhi, lolu hlobo lwenyoka alunaso isimilo se-zigzag emhlane wayo. Yize umbala wenyoka yamanzi ufana kakhulu nokufakwa kombala kwenyoka, ngoba abantu abaningi badida ukuhleleka okuxakile kwezindawo ezinamabala agudle ugibeli.

Esithombeni kukhona onamanzi, okuthi, ngenxa yombala ofanayo, uvame ukudidaniswa nezinyoka ezinobuthi

Kepha vala ungabona ukuthi amabala aphazamisekile, futhi hhayi ukudonsa kwegagasi okugogekayo. Isuka ekhanda kuye kwesinye isicoco sokudonsa ngokulinganayo nangonxantathu ngokubukeka, ikhanda alijwayelekile kuye.

Ukubhebhetheka

Izinyoka ezivamile zisatshalaliswa emgqonyeni wehlathi lase-Eurasia zisuka eGreat Britain, eFrance nasenyakatho ne-Italiya ziye entshonalanga ziye eSakhalin nasenhlonhlo yaseKorea empumalanga. EFrance, indawo yokuhlala enkulu itholakala ngaphakathi kweCentral Massif. EYurophu, umngcele oseningizimu wesigaba udlula enyakatho ye-Italy, enyakatho ye-Albania, enyakatho yeGrisi nengxenye yaseYurophu iTurkey. EMpumalanga Yurophu, kwesinye isikhathi inyoka ingena kwi-Arctic Circle - ngokwesibonelo, ihlala eLapland Nature Reserve nasogwini loLwandle iBarents. Ngasempumalanga - eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude - ukusatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziningi kukhawulelwe ukuntuleka kwemigodi ebusika efanelekayo. Isengezo sitholakala enyakatho emfuleni weLena kuze kufinyelele ku-62nd parallel, e-Western Siberia kuze kufinyelele ku-64th parallel, empumalanga yeTransbaikal Territory. Ukusuka eningizimu, ibanga lilinganiselwe ezifundeni ze-steppe. Umngcele oseningizimu-mpumalanga yendawo yokusatshalaliswa utholakala eMongolia (iMongolia Altai), enyakatho-ntshonalanga neChina mpumalanga (i-Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region kanye nesiFundazwe saseJirin).

Indlela yokuphila

Isikhathi sokuphila singafinyelela ku-15, futhi ngokusho kweminye imithombo, kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30. Noma kunjalo, ukubonwa eSweden kukhombisa ukuthi izinyoka azivami ukuthi ziphile ngemuva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu yokuzalaniswa, okuthi, uma unikezwe ukuthomba, zinikeza umkhawulo weminyaka engu-5-7. I-viper ihlangana ngokushesha kunoma iyiphi indawo, eSwitzerland Alps ikhuphuka ifinyelele kuma-2600 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Indawo yokuhlala ihluke kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nezisempumalanga yebanga, lapho inyoka ihlala khona ithuthukisa izimbungulu zepeat, ama-moorlands, acacisile amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, ogwini lwamachibi ahlukahlukene okugcina amanzi ahlanzekile, amachibi amvula, imigwaqo yamasimu, indawo yokukhosela, izindunduma. Eningizimu Yurophu, ama-biotopes akhawulelwe kakhulu emafutheni omswakama ezindaweni zezintaba. Kusatshalaliswa ngokungalingani ngokuya ngokutholakala kwezindawo ezilungele ubusika. Ama-Saddles, njengomthetho, awahambisi amanye amamitha angama-60-100. Okuhlukile kuphoqelelwa ukufudukela endaweni ebusika, izinyoka kuleli cala zingathatha umhlalaphansi ibanga 2-5 km. Ubusika buvame ukwenzeka ukusuka ngo-Okthoba-Novemba kuya kuMashi-Ephreli (kuya ngesimo sezulu), enyakatho yebanga lihlala izinyanga ezi-9, okuyilapho inyoka ikhetha khona ukudana phansi emhlabathini (imigodi, imigodi, njll.) Ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-2, lapho amazinga okushisa awawa ngaphansi + 2 ... +4 ° C. Uma kwenzeka kushoda lezo zindawo, amakhulu amaningana abantu angabuthelana endaweni eyodwa, akhwela phezulu entwasahlobo, okunikeza umbono wokuphithizela okukhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinyoka ziyagwilika.

Ehlobo, kwesinye isikhathi kushibilika elangeni, kepha ingxenye enkulu ifihla ngaphansi kweziqu ezindala, emifantwini, njll. Inyoka ayinalo ulaka futhi, lapho umuntu esondela, izama ukusebenzisa umbala wayo wokufihla ngangokunokwenzeka, noma ukukhasa ibaleke. Uma kwenzeka kuvela umuntu ngokungazelele noma ecasulwe yilokho, angazama ukumluma. Lokhu kuziphatha okuqaphelayo kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi udinga amandla amaningi ukukhiqiza ubuthi endaweni yokushisa eguqukayo.

Idla ikakhulu ngamagundane anjengegundane, ama-amphibians nezibungu, futhi ihlasela izidleke zezinyoni phansi. Isilinganiso sokuphakelwa okuhlukile kungahluka ngokuya ngokutholakala ngasikhathi sinye endaweni ethile. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi kubhekwa izinyoka eNetherlands, kwembulwa ukuthi zithanda amasele notshani namaphikisiki, kanye nezibunguzane ze-viviparous. Kwezinye izindawo, ama-grey kanye nama-voles amahlathi, ama-shrews, ama-spindles, amachwane, ama-skates, kanye nokuxinana kungenzeka kube ngaphambi kokudla. Izinyoka ezincane zibamba izinambuzane - isikhonyane, amabhungane, izimfene ezingatheni kakhulu zezimvemvane, izintuthwane, izilwanyane kanye neminyundu. Lapho nje sebefinyelele ku-30 ​​cm ubude, ukondliwa kwabo kuqala ukufana nokudla kwabantu abadala. Ngaphambi kokucabanga kwabo kokuqala ngo-Okthoba-Novemba, abakaze badle, ngoba ngaphambi kwesimo se-hibernation kufanele bagaye konke ukudla okudliwayo ukuze bagweme izinkinga ze-metabolic.