Isidumbu salesi sinambuzane sibanzi, isicaba, nsundu noma siphuzi, sinephethini lemabula. Umzimba wesiphazamisi, kanye nowokhozi lwendlu, unesembozo esimnandi. Ubude besiphazamiso buyi-10 - 12 mm, ububanzi buyi-6 - 7 mm. Cishe wonke umzimba wesiphuzo umbozwe nge-scutellum enkulu, ifinyelela ekugcineni kwesisu. Ukuvela kwe-bug kuyinto ebonakala kakhulu futhi kuyahambisana negama elithi "bug".
I-bug bug inesakhiwo sokufakwa komlomo okuyisici sezimbungulu. Ziguqulwa zaba yizixhobo zokubhoboza-ukubhoboza, okuthiwa i-proboscis. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuhlotshaniswa nendlela yokondla izimbungulu. Ukubhoboza isikhumba sosanhlamvu ongafundile, isinambuzane sidonsela ujusi kuso.
Turtle bug yokuphila
Izimbungulu zabantu abadala zidala ubusika ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile emahlathini, emasimini, ezingadini, ezihlahleni, njll. Zihamba lapha ngemuva kokuvunwa. Entwasahlobo, lapho ukuwa kushiya kufudumele ngokwanele futhi komile ngokwanele, izimbungulu ziyavuka zingene zingene ebusweni bezinkunkuma. Ngo-Ephreli - Meyi bathuthela emasimini okusanhlamvu. Ikakhulu izimbungulu eziningi zilapha lapho isinkwa sitshelwa. Isiphazamisi sidedela amathe okusanhlamvu okukhethekile, sichitha okuphakathi. Emva kwalokho, umunca amasudi okusanhlamvu, abe ukukhanya, futhi okubaluleke - alahlekelwa yizimpawu zawo zokubhaka, kanye nokuhluma. Ufulawa ovela ezinhlamvu ezinjalo uphenduka umunyu, wekhwalithi embi. Silinyazwe izimbungulu, izithombo ezincane zezilimo ziyagula. Iqabunga lawo eliphakathi liphenduka liphuzi futhi lomile.
Ukuzala kabusha nokukhulisa izimbungulu
Kuvela emasimini, izimbungulu zezinsikazi - izimfudu ziqala ukubeka amaqanda engaphansi kwamaqabunga ezitshalo ezinezinqwaba zamaqanda ayi-10 kuye kwangama-20. Ngokuhamba kwenyanga, izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda amahlandla amaningana - ukusuka emashumini ambalwa kuya kwezingama-200.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyishumi, izibungu ziphuma emaqandeni, zifana kakhulu nezimbungulu zabantu abadala, zincane kuphela futhi zingenamaphiko. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu, izibungu zemolva, ziyaqhuma phezu kwezitshalo bese ziqala ukuzondla.
Ngemuva kwama-molts amahlanu, izibungu ziphenduka izimbungulu ezindala. Esigabeni se-larval, ufudu lunezinsuku ezingama-35 kuye kwangama-40. Izigaba zezimbungulu zepupa azidluli.
Izimbungulu zombhede nezinye izinambuzane zibonakaliswa ngentuthuko ngokushintsha okungaphelele. Ngale ntuthuko, izibungu ziyafana nezinambuzane zabantu abadala, kanti isigaba sezingane asikho.
Emgqeni we-steppe, izimbungulu zezinambuzane zihlala zisensimini kuze kuvunwe. Ngemuva nje kokuvuna, bathuthela ezindaweni zobusika nasekwindla, lapho amaqabunga ewa ezihlahleni, acasha ngaphansi kwawo kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Ukubhujiswa kwezimbungulu
Ama-Rook kanye nezinye izinyoni, ama-carnivores, izintuthwane kanye nezicabucabu zichitha izimbungulu. Kepha isitha esikhulu sezimbungulu yisinambuzane esincane, i-ovule-telenomus. I-telenomus ibeka amaqanda ayo efudu, ngaleyo ndlela ibhubhise bug. Izibungu zazo ziyahlakulela, zidla kokuqukethwe kwesiphazamiso. Owesifazane we-telenomus ubekela amaqanda afinyelela ku-100.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuze kubhujiswe bug, izilimo zokusanhlamvu ezweni lethu zivinjezelwa ngezindlela ezikhethekile namalungiselelo - uthuli lwe-chlorophos, izingathekiso nezinye ubuthi.
Ngemuva kokubhujiswa kwezimbungulu ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngaphambi kokuvunwa, impova iyamiswa.
Izinhlobo zezinto zomndeni
Zonke ezinamaphiko zihlanganiswa abalingiswa abalandelayo. Bahola indlela yokuphila yezwe noma yamanzi. Zinezinto ezikhethekile zomlomo ezinekhono lokuhlaba ukubhoboza. Izici zezinto ezisebenza ngomlomo kuzo zonke izinambuzane zalo mndeni, zibavumela ukuba babhoboze isikhumba somuntu, isilwane noma isitshalo futhi bamunze okuqukethwe ngumsoco kumaseli.
Zonke izinhlobo zezimbungulu zinamaphiko aphezulu e-semi-rigid nezaphansi ze-membranous. Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-elytra ephezulu ine-cut ye-chitinous, ingxenye yayo ye-apical is webbed. Izindwangu ze-Webbed zibonakala kalula ngeso elinqunu. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimbungulu zilahle amaphiko ngenxa yokungadingeki, ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye.
Isiphazamisi embhedeni ngokujwayelekile salahlekelwa amandla okundiza. Lesi sidakamizwa sidla igazi lomuntu. Uyasaba ukukhanya kwemini, futhi amakoloni alezi zinhlobo atholakala eduze kokudla kwakhe kwendabuko, ezindaweni lapho abantu belala khona. Uhlala kumatilasi, angahlala emifantweni yefenisha futhi azizwe engcono kakhulu.
Ukuvikela ezitheni, abamele lo mndeni banezindlala ezinephunga elihlala linikeza ubukhona bazo. I-bug eluhlaza ehlathini yaziwa ngokukhethekile ngamakha ayo anephunga.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimbungulu zinamasayizi ahlukene nobunji. Kukhona amancane kakhulu anomzimba ongadluli ku-1 mm, kukhona abantu abane-10 cm.
Izinambuzane eziwusizo nezilimazayo
Izinhlobo eziwusizo zifaka izinhlobo zasensimini yezinambuzane. Zivame kakhulu, futhi abanye abantu bazenza iphutha ngokuthola izimbungulu. Lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane lubhubhisa izinambuzane ezidla uhlaza emhlabeni otshaliwe.
Izinambuzane ezivela kuhlobo lwePodisus ziyakwazi ukubulala ngokuqhamukayo mabhungane anemibala e-Colado. Zifakwa ngokukhethekile ezinkampanini ezikhethekile futhi zikhishwe emibhedeni yamazambane. Lapho bahlasela amacimbi e-scoop yeklabishi, nezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi, nezibungu zabo, bazicekele phansi.
Isosha lesinambuzane elisebenzisa amaqanda ezinambuzane ezincane, elingazideleli izilwane ezifile, siletha izinzuzo ezinhle esizeni. Abantu abaningi bazama ukubabhubhisa ngokungazi, kepha lesi yisimo esibi ngokuphelele semvelo.
Izimbungulu zezimbali zivame ukufakwa ukulawula izinambuzane ngaphakathi. Bayakwazi ukubhubhisa amaqanda ezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, imikhaza, izibungu, ama-aphid nama-thrips.
Izinyamazane zidla izinambuzane eziyingozi ezingalimaza umhlaba wezolimo. Zivame ukuhlala ezindlini ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezakhiweni, zithola ukudla kudoti, lapho kulele khona izibungu zezinambuzane eziningi.
Izinhlobo zezingadi zisiza umuntu ukuba alondoloze isivuno, futhi ngenxa yalokho umuntu akudingeki ukuthi azidlele ubuthi ngamalungiselelo anobuthi.
Ezinhlotsheni eziyingozi zingabizwa ngokuthi izimfudu (isithombe ngakwesobunxele). Babambelela emagatsheni ezihlahla zensimu bancela ujusi kubo. Amagatsha amasha ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yilezi zinambuzane afa ngokuphelele. Izinhlobo zalezi zinambuzane zingazilimaza kakhulu izithombo zamabele. Abantu abadala bachitha izilimo ezintekenteke, kanti izibungu zazo zidla okusanhlamvu.
Iqembu lezimbungulu ezibethelwe zingokwezinambuzane ezidla izithombo zeklabishi nezinye izitshalo ezivela kuleli qembu. Lezi zinhlobo zengadi zinombala okhanyayo odumaza izinyoni. Bayazi ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ukuthi izinambuzane zalolu hlobo zingakhiqiza uketshezi ngephunga elingathandeki.
Izimbungulu zombhede
Izinhlayiya zombhede kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi yekhaya noma ilineni. Lezi izinambuzane ezincane ezinobude bomzimba ezingekho ngaphezu kuka-5 mm ubude. Zinomzimba ongenantambo ongenantambo, ombozwe ngegobolondo le-brown brown. Ngemuva kokuphuza igazi, bashintsha ukwakheka komzimba, babe yindilinga. Izibungu zilula futhi zincane.
Lezi izinambuzane ezifudukayo. Bafika iRussia ebandayo igqoke amasudi abahambi namabhokisi anemifino nezithelo emikhunjini yemikhumbi eyayivela ivela emazweni ashisayo. Ngakho-ke, bayasaba isithwathwa, futhi baxazulule lapho kufudumele khona. Ungasusa ngokuphelele izinambuzane eziphuza igazi uma ufriza indawo yakho yokuhlala kahle, uyiyeke ingashisi izinsuku eziningana. Kungenzeka uthathe izinto ezibandayo lapho izinambuzane eziphuza igazi ziye khona ukuze zikhiphe kuzo
Ama-parasites asekhaya ahola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, futhi yizitho zazo zomzimba kuphela ezingabika ukuba khona kwazo.
Umuntu omdala uphila cishe unyaka owodwa. Uma kungekho izimo zokuphila ezintofontofo, ziyakwazi ukuwela esimweni sokumiswa komoya ophuthumayo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlangenwe nakho. Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo kubangela ukuba lezi zinambuzane zihambele amabanga amade. Lokhu kuchaza ukuhlasela okungazelelwe kwamagazi egunjini lokulala elihlanzekile.
Lapho kuvela izimo ezinhle zokuphila, ziyasebenza futhi zibuyisela umsebenzi obalulekile. Amagciwane aqala ukubuyisa ngokushesha futhi andise inani labantu. Isinambuzane sowesifazane ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe sikwazi ukubeka amaqanda afinyelela ku-500, anesilinganiso esiphakeme sokumelana nezinto zangaphandle ezonakalisayo. Izinambuzane zihlela ukwakhiwa kwazo ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kakhulu. Umjikelezo ogcwele wokuvuthwa kweqanda wenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-60. Inyanga ngemuva kokushiya amaqanda, umuntu uphenduka abe ovuthiwe futhi aqale ukuzalanisa, adle ngokuzikhandla. Lesi simo sidinga ukubhekisiswa ekulweni nalezi zinhlaka futhi sicubungulwe ngesikhathi esifanele leso sakhiwo.
Incazelo
Ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo ezinkulu, izimbungulu zinezici ezifanayo:
- inani lemilenze: kubantu abadala, ngazimbili zamalumbo, zingaba zezinhlobo ezihlukile, zivumelaniswe nokuphila emhlabeni noma emanzini,
- okokusebenza ngomlomo ngesimo se-proboscis kanye namabhulashi: ibug idla ekudleni okuwuketshezi, iphula ulwelwesi futhi ifafaza okuqukethwe, kungaba ligazi noma ujusi wezitshalo,
- izindlala ezikhiqiza izinto ezinephunga elenzelwe ukwesabisa izitha,
- amaphiko - Izinhlobo eziningi zinazo, zinokubonakala okuthile: uhhafu wamaphiko unesikhumba, enye ingxenye iboshwe nge-web, kukhona nabamele abomndeni abanama-elytra kuphela noma amaphiko alahlekile ngokuphelele ngokungadingekile.
Izimbungulu zombhede ziza ngosayizi abahlukahlukene - kusuka kumamayela ambalwa kuya ku-15 cm. Ilungu elikhulu lomndeni liyisidudu samanzi, esikhula size sibe ngamasentimitha angama-15. Isimo siyahlukahluka, kepha iningi labantu liyindilinga, linomzimba ocwebezelwe egobolondweni i-chitinous. Amafomu ayindilinga noma aboshwe ngenduku nawo ayatholakala. Akuzona zonke izimbungulu ezinamehlo. Kepha izitho zokuthinta kuzo zonke izinhlobo zikhule kahle.
Izimbungulu zombhede ziza ngemibala ehlukene. Imibala egqamile yalabo abangcono ukuthi bangathinti. Kuyindlela yokuzivikela nendlela yokusabisa. Elinye ikhambi iphunga elixakile, elimnandi elibangelwa yi-cymicinic acid. Izimbungulu zijova secretion kusuka ezilwaneni. Leli phunga alifani nezilwane nezinyoni ezingadla izimbungulu.
Izinhlobo zezimbungulu
Endaweni yokuhlala, izimbungulu ziyizidalwa zomhlaba noma zasemanzini, ezifuywayo noma ezitaladi.
Ngendlela yokudla, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezimbungulu zihlukaniswa:
- Ama-Herbivores (phytophages) - adla ijusi le-cell, ekhishwa ezithelo, imbewu kanye namaqabunga ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene.
- Izidlakudla - inyamazane kwizibungu, izinambuzane nama-invertebrates.
- Ama-Ectoparasites (hematophagous) - adla ngegazi labantu nezilwane ezinegazi ezifudumele.
Iningi lezinhlobo zezimbungulu ziyabulala ukhula. Kukhona izinambuzane ezinodidi oluxubile lokudla okunempilo. Kunamacala ahlala njalo e-cannibalism, okuwukuthi, ukudla izihlobo zawo.
Ngokuya ngengozi nomthelela odalekile, abamele lolu hlobo bahlukaniswe yizinambuzane ezilusizo, ezingenabungozi nezinambuzane. Ngokuyisisekelo, azinangozi kubantu.
Izimbungulu eziwusizo
Ezinye izinhlobo zezimbungulu zingasiza kakhulu. Isibonelo, isinambuzane esibomvu esinamaphiko, esibizwa nangokuthi isosha, sidla izinsalela zama-invertebrates afile noma amaqabunga awile, kufaka isandla ekuwohlokeni kwawo. I-bug yezinhlobo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibhubhisa izibungu namaqanda amabhungane amaqabunga. Ngenxa yemisebenzi yayo, isibalo seBhungane lamazambane leColorado sehlisiwe. Futhi ukubhujiswa kwebhungane lamazambane leColorado, kufaka phakathi i-imago yayo, kuyisidakamizwa se-perilus. Izinhlobo eziningana zezimbungulu zezimbali zidla ama-aphid, imikhaza, amaqanda nezibungu zezinambuzane eziyingozi, zibuye zikhiqizwe ngokukhethekile ukuvikela izithombo nezimbali ezikhule emhlabathini ovaliwe.
Izinambuzane zezinambuzane
Abalimi abaziwa kakhulu nabalimi bayizilokazana ezivela esigabeni sezimbungulu zasensimini:
- Cruciferous and rapeseed - chitha ukutshala iklabishi, udlwenguliwe, itheniphu kanye isithombo.
- I-Berry bug, noma ilambu elincane eliluhlaza lwesivikelo - idla ujusi we-raspberry, amajikijolo namanye amajikijolo nawo angathinta okusanhlamvu. Amajikijolo athintwe yile bug athola iphunga elingajabulisi, akunakwenzeka ukuwadla.
- Ufudu oyingozi, inkathazo okunzima ukuyiphawula ezitshalweni ngenxa yombala wayo nephethini egobolondweni, kuthinta okusanhlamvu. Ama-turtles abeka amaqanda, okuvela kuwo izibungu ngqo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesilimo. Izibungu nabantu abadala balimaza okusanhlamvu, okungafaneleki ukucutshungulwa.
Izimbungulu zamanzi
Izinhlobo eziningi zeHemoptera zikhethe amanzi njengendawo yazo yokuhlala. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zezimbungulu zamanzi yilezi:
- I-scorpion yamanzi - lo mndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezimbungulu. Ubude bawo bufika ku-4,5 cm. Zinsundu, zinama-forelimbs, aguqulwa aba izigaxa. Bahlala emanzini angajulile, abazi ukubhukuda. Baphefumula ngenqubo ye-caudal, eyevezwa ngaphezu kwamanzi. Bazingela ama-tadpoles nama-crustaceans.
- Izikejana zamanzi - umndeni omkhulu kunabo bonke, ohlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-700. Zinemilenze emide lapho zikhonkotha khona emanzini. Zidla izinambuzane eziwile emanzini. Zihlala phezulu kumaqabunga awileyo ngaphandle kwemizimba yamanzi.
- Ama-Smoothies - ahlala emanzini, kodwa futhi azi ukuthi angandiza kanjani. Zidla izinambuzane nezinhlanzi ezincane, zingaluma izilwanyana noma abantu, kepha ukuluma akuyona ingozi.
- I-Plavt ejwayelekile - idla izinambuzane, izibungu, izibungu kanye nefry.
- IGiant Bialystoma - i-bug ithole igama ngosayizi wayo, abantu abadala bafinyelela kubude be-10 cm. Abakwazi ukuhlasela hhayi izinambuzane nje kuphela, kepha nezinhlanzi namafudu. Ezweni lethu akutholakali.
![](http://img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/3721/vidi-klopov-79E6461.jpg)
Izimbungulu ezingaphansi
Izimbungulu zombhede zihlala ezimeni ezihlukile. Bahlala emhlabathini, otshanini, ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Zingahlala kunoma yiziphi izindawo ezinesimo sezulu, emahlathini nasemasimini, ogwadule nasezintabeni, noma kuyi-tundra. Abaningi ngokuba khona kwabo bakhetha izindlu noma ezinye izinto ezifudumele, isibonelo, i-crib, indlu.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zomhlaba, ezivame kakhulu yizimbungulu zezihlangu. Bathola igama labo ngenxa yokubukeka kwabo, njengokungathi ngesihlangu emhlane wabo. Kubizwa nangokuthi izimbungulu zezinkuni, yize zihlala hhayi ezihlahleni kuphela. I-Shchitnikov - izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine, iningi lazo izinambuzane zezolimo.
Isihlangu esinezintambo sinombala obomvu-omnyama, sinemichilo futhi sikhanya kakhulu, sidla ama-inflorescence ka izaqathi, iparsley nedill.
Isihlangu se-Berry - ngombala obomvu-onsundu ngombala, sidla amajikijolo, amaqabunga kanye nemiqumbe yamafutha nezithelo zezitshalo.
Isivikelo se-turtle - ngaphansi kwaleli gama saziwa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 zezimbungulu. Ukubhubhisa okusanhlamvu.
Izimbungulu zemabula zidla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo. Zivundile kakhulu, cishe azinazitha zemvelo. Bahlala ezindlini.
Izimbungulu Zasekhaya
Izimbungulu ezinegazi ziyingozi kubantu. Ama-ectoparasites asekhaya - Izinhlobo eziyishumi ezimbalwa. Zonke zincane, ziyisicaba. Lapho zigcwele igazi, zanda kaningana. Azinamaphiko, kepha zinemilenze egijimayo. Izimbungulu ezifuywayo zinomzimba oqanda obusicaba, ziphuzi noma zimdaka ngombala. Akunamehlo, ukhule kahle umqondo wokuthinta nephunga. Osayizi be -va
Izinambuzane zifihla ngaphakathi kwefenisha, emifantu nasemifantwini. Bangakwazi ukufuduka ukusuka efulethini ukuya efulethini noma ezakhiweni ezingomakhelwane. Umsebenzi ukhonjiswa ebusuku.
Yize izimbungulu ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi izimbungulu, aziphili endaweni yokuhlala yomuntu futhi azondli ngegazi lomuntu kuphela. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyaziwa ezihlala emihumeni lapho kuhlala amalulwane. Kukhona nezinye okuthiwa izimbumbulu. Zihlakazeka izinyoni, kepha futhi zingawela kubantu.
Izimbungulu zombhede zihlala yonke indawo, kuwo wonke amazwe. Ukusatshalaliswa kwabo akuxhomekile esimweni senhlalo, izinga noma indlela yokuphila.
Kunezinhlobo zezimbungulu zemibhede ezingavamile kangako, kepha azihlali ezweni lethu:
- i-bug evuthayo - ukuluma kwayo kubangela ukusabela okukhulu komzimba,
- I-triatomic bug - ngemuva kokulunywa, ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic kungaqhamuka, futhi nalawa ma-parasites athwala isifo se-Chagas ngomphumela obulalayo.
Lezi zinhlobo zezimbungulu zihlala emazweni anesimo sezulu esishisayo futhi azivezi ingozi kithi, kodwa kufanele ukhumbule ngazo lapho uzihambela.
E-Russia, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezimbungulu ezifuywayo:
- I-Cimex lexctularius - isiphazamiso esivame kakhulu, esivamile sokuphuza igazi esinephunga elithile, sidla igazi lomuntu, futhi sikhetha ukuluma izingane ngenxa yokusondela kwemithambo yegazi esikhunjeni, singabulawa indlala unyaka wonke, umjikelezo wokuthuthuka kusuka eqandeni uya kumuntu omdala uthatha kusuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-100 izinsuku
- I-Cimex pipistrelli - ihlanganisa namalulwane,
- I-Oeciacus hirundinis yisipuni esifanayo sokugwinya esishiwo ngenhla, sithela izinyoni, sihlasele abantu, futhi sithwala izifo.
Ingozi kusukela zabuya izimbungulu
Isiphazamisi esivamile sihlala izinyanga ezi-12 kuya kwezi-12. Idla kanye ngeviki. A Nymph ka bug kungaba ncela kuze kufinyelele 0.5 ml igazi ngesikhathi, futhi imago afika kwangu-7 ml. Ukulunywa kwazo zonke izimbungulu kubangela ukulunywa nokubomvu kwesikhumba, ukuqubuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu uqobo angahle angawuboni umzuzu wokuluma, ngoba amagciwane alimaza into yokubulala izinzwa ngesikhathi sokulunywa.
Ngengozi zabuya izimbungulu ukuthi kunzima ukuthola kwabo out. Bahlala emakoloni amakhulu efulethini noma endlini futhi bahlukumeze abaqashi ngokulunywa njalo. Lokhu kuholela ekudumazeni okukhulu kwengqondo. Ngokuya ezempilo, ayikho ingozi enkulu kusukela bite ukulunywa. Kepha zingadala ukungezwani komzimba. Izimbungulu nazo zingadlulisela izifo uma zihamba phakathi kwamakamelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulunywa nguphoyizeni kukhona alunywa, ecwaninga kubo kungabangela ukutheleleka amanxeba, okuyinto kuholela izifo zesikhumba.
Izimbungulu zasekhaya zizwela ushintsho ezimweni zokuphila. Okukhululekile kakhulu kubo ukushisa kwama-25 - 30 degrees. Nge waba ukwanda okukhulu (ngaphezu kuka-45 degrees) noma ukwehla (okokuqandisa), zife. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, lezi zinambuzane ziya ngokuya zimelana nezindlela zokulwa nazo. Umuntu kufanele asungule amakhompiyutha amasha ngokuchithwa kwamakhemikhali izimbungulu.
Izinambuzane Agricultural
Izinhlobonhlobo zalezi bugs zidala umonakalo omkhulu ezweni. Abantu abadala nezibungu zabo badla ujusi wezitshalo zezitshalo. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele, izitshalo abhashe baqala ukuncipha. Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwezikhukhamba, ungalahlekelwa ngokuphelele yisilimo.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu kwezolimo kufaka phakathi abantu abalandelayo.
Soldier (Pyrrhocoridae)
Kuzo zonke izinambuzane zezolimo, lezi zinambuzane zithathwa kakhulu akunangozi. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda izinambuzane kuyinto iconsi emise. Ngobude, azidluli ku-10 mm. Isici esibonakalayo sezimbungulu iphethini yamadeshi amnyama emhlane obomvu.
Yidla amasosha ikakhulukazi ama-juices ukhula lotshani. Kodwa ngaphandle kokubona ngemibandela ethile, babengeke khumbulani ukudla umoba iklabishi, amagilebhisi nokuyimidumba.
Indawo yokuhlala kwezimbungulu iyingxenye esenyakatho nentshonalanga yomhlaba. Abahlali ezindaweni eziseningizimu; kushisa kakhulu lapho. Northern zindawo dudula izinambuzane nge inani elincane ukushisa.
Ama-parasites ahola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo phakathi nosuku. Kusihlwa, baqala ukukha izindawo ezimanzi ukuhlala ubusuku bonke. Izintandokazi ezindaweni iziqu ezibolile nokunye kuthathwa njengezinambuzane ukhuni zokusetshenziswa.
Ukufakwa kweqanda kwenziwa ngamasosha ohlangothini lwangemuva lwamahlamvu wezitshalo.
Isiphazamiso esibuyisiwe (i-Eurydema oleracea)
Lezi zinambuzane uncamela ijusi izitshalo cruciferous njengoba ukudla. Iningi -limazayo izitshalo ezibhekwa izibungu izimbungulu ukuthi amakoloni adla amahlumela amasha. Adult abantu ukulimaza imbewu izitshalo ngaphambi kokuba uvuthwe.
Isici esiyingqayizivele sezimbungulu siyikhanda elifushane, elinamathele ezinhlangothini. Umzimba ungaba wemibala ehlukene, umnyama nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omnyama nohlaza. Ubude, izinambuzane ukufinyelela 7 mm. I-Antenna bugs imnyama. Ezinhlangothini zangemuva kwensimbi yensimbi kukhona imichilo emi-2. Ngo isikhungo kwakhona odwi ububanzi komthunzi ukukhanya. I-Elytra yezinambuzane ezinamachashaza aphuzi noma abomvu.
Zabo amaqanda izinambuzane Cisha ezindaweni ezihlukile. Kungaba inhlabathi, mncane amahlumela noma izinsalela zemifino.
Ungahlangana nezimbungulu ezidlwenguliwe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika naseKazakhstan. Nokho, ezindaweni eNyakatho Ekude neMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia, lezi zinambuzane kungavamile.
Isivikelo esiluhlaza esikhanyayo (Palomena prasina)
Isinambuzane esiluhlaza esikhanyayo, noma njengoba sibizwa nangokuthi "bugs" bug, yisinambuzane esivame kakhulu ngokulandelana kweHemoptera. Lezi amaphutha ingatholakala kulo lonke elaseRussia. Ukusinda kwama-parasites kungenxa yokuthi abanakho ukukhetha kwezimo zezulu. Babekezelela ukushisa nokubanda.
I bug Unomzimba kunalokho enkulu elingunxantathu, ubude bayo ifinyelela 16 mm. Isici esivelele somuntu ngamunye isihlangu se-chitin, esisebenza njengesithiyo sezinto ezimbi zangaphandle. Kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka, izinambuzane zishintsha umbala womzimba uzenze umask. Ehlobo, izimbungulu abe nombala oluhlaza, okuyinto okuhlanganisiwe nabo amahlamvu. Lapho kuqala ikwindla, umzimba wezinambuzane ushintsha uguqukele kubomvu onsundu.
Isici esingahlukani sesihlangu sicatshangelwa ngokunamandla esinuka nephunga. Izinambuzane zikhipha iphunga elithile elimnandi njengokuvikelwa ezitheni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izihlangu aziyona insongo ezilwaneni, ngokuzithandela zondla izinyoni.
Ekudleni sihlangu izitshalo yezolimo. I-parasite enephunga elimnandi idla izihlahla zezithelo namajikijolo. Kwezinye izimo, abanandaba nokudla i-carrion.
Turtle Iyingozi (Eurygaster integriceps)
Lo mndeni wezimbungulu uyisitha esiyingozi kakhulu somhlaba wezolimo. Ngaphandle kokusebenza okufika ngesikhathi kwezitshalo zikakolweni, izimfudu eziyingozi zingabhubhisa konke okusanhlamvu.
izimbungulu Bed ithole igama labo umbala efanayo ezweni izimfudu. Abantu abadala bakhulu kakhulu. Ubukhulu bawo bungafinyelela ku 13 mm. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda izimbungulu ivikelwe carapace obukhulu lapho amaphuzu futhi imigqa zitholakala. Amaphiko ezinambuzane akhula kahle. Ukuze ushintshe indawo yokuhlala, amafudu alimazayo angahamba amabanga amade. Ngezinye izikhathi ukubaleka kwabo 200 km.
Umjikelezo wempilo yomuntu ngamunye izinyanga eziyi-10-11. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zanda ngokushesha okukhulu. izimfudu ezilimazayo kungahlanganisa amaqanda izikhathi 15 ngenkathi yonyaka yokuzalela.
Izinambuzane zokulala (i-Cimex lectularius)
Emvelweni yemvelo kukhona okuningi 100 izinhlobo izimbungulu zombhede. Zizinze emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, azesabi izimo zezulu ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, kungatholakala ngisho Northern zindawo. Njengomthetho, izimbungulu zombhede zihlala ezindlini zabantu. Yize imvelo yabo yokuhlala kuyimihume, ehlala kuyo amalulwane.
Ubuzalwane alo mkhaya ayinakho amaphiko nomgogodla. Futhi emizimbeni yabo akukho mibala. Ukwakheka kwezimbungulu zombhede kuyindilinga. Wonke umzimba wawo ungaphakathi izingxenye ecacile. Ngakho-ke, izimbungulu zombhede zivame ukudidaniswa ngeentwala nemikhaza.
Ama-invertebrate bugs adla ngegazi lomuntu nezilwane.
Qaphela! Uma kukhona ukukhetha phakathi kwabantu abadala nezingane, khona-ke abakwagazi bazonikeza izingane zabo ukukhetha kwabo.
Ingozi yezinambuzane ezinambuzane ukuthi ukuluma kwazo kubangele ukungahambi kahle komzimba kanye nemalavese evamile. Kulokhu, ngemuva kokuseshwa izinambuzane, abantu ukuthuthukisa okungabekezeleleki isikhumba ukulunywa.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimbungulu
Zonke izinhlobo zezimbungulu zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu ayi-3:
- Ngilusizo. Kuklanywe ngokukhethekile ukuvikela isivuno sensimu, ama-nectariferous, izilimo zemifino kanye nezihlahla zezithelo emithini yezinambuzane. Uma kungekho mabhungane amazambane aseColorado, ama-thrips, ama-aphid namanye ama-phytophages, izimbungulu eziwusizo zingasekela umsebenzi obalulekile ngosizo lwempova kanye nejusi yemifino. Noma kunjalo, ungawoni kwezitshalo.
- Kuyingozi. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izimbungulu eziyingozi zokulimaza nezinambuzane ezibulala ukhula. Eyokuqala abe ukubhoboza abancela umlomo apharathasi, axazulule eduze abantu kanye nezinkukhu. Iningi lihlala embhedeni, izingubo. Izimbungulu ze-Herbivorous zibeka engcupheni isivuno.
- Ziyingozi. Lokhu kufaka izimbungulu zezinambuzane, ama-alder hens nezimbungulu zamanzi. Azilimazi abantu, izilwane ezifuywayo, imfuyo nezilimo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, yokulamba bengase bakulume umuntu, kodwa ningathwali ingozi. I-Saliva ayiqukethe ama-pathogen kanye nama-allergener angaba khona. Ukulunywa izimbungulu ezidla ijusi yemifino akubangeli ukomiswa kwezitshalo kanye nokuchitheka kwezithelo. Awakwazi asetshenziswa kwezolimo ukuvikela izitshalo kusuka izinambuzane.
Ikhukhamba leklabishi
I-Eurydem ine-carapace eqinile, umzimba ovundekile obukhulu obufinyelela kumuntu ongaphansi kuka-1 cm. Qhathanisa umbala - ku-scutellum ne-elytra, i-exoskeleton imbozwe ngamaphethini abomvu-amnyama. Bona ziyingozi izitshalo bomkhaya cruciferous. Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda angama-300. Ukwazi ukubhubhisa isitshalo seklabishi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Umsebenzi izinambuzane kwandisa ne okwandisa izinga lokushisa emoyeni.
Isihlangu sombusi
I-insect chitin ipendiwe ngombala obomvu ogqamile, owolintshi ngemigqa emnyama emide. Igama lesibili bug-Italian. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-10-11 mm. Kunezimpondo ezimnyama ekhanda. Izinambuzane basonta phytophages, ngoba zidla omahlamvu awo nezihlahla nemithi. Yidla amahlumela aluhlaza wezitshalo zezithelo.
Ukunaka! Izibungu zombusi zivikela inflorescence dill, izaqathe kanye neparsley.
Triatomina bug
Ama-parasomant ancelayo ama-paratomic parasites acatshangelwa okuyingozi kakhulu izinambuzane kuzo zonke izinhlobo izimbungulu. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zivame ukudala ukuthi umuntu afe.
Izinambuzane ze-Triatomic azihlali eRussia. Killer izimbungulu bahlala ikakhulu eNingizimu Melika. Njengezindlu, bakhetha izidleke zezinyoni, imisele nokuma kwezihlahla endaweni yemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zezimbungulu zingatholakala nasendaweni yezindawo zokuhlala.
izimuncagazi Triatomic yizinambuzane giant enomzimba amnyama. Ubude babadala bufika ku-2 cm.Ikhanda nezimpiko zazo zibunjiwe. I-proboscis yama-paratomic parasites inwetshiwe kakhulu kunaleyo yezinambuzane ezifuywayo. Nokho, ziba igazi kancane.
Ingozi yokuluma laba bantu ukuthi bangabathwali bokutheleleka ngeChagas. Lesi sifo singalashwa kuphela esigabeni sokuqala sokutheleleka.
Berry bug
Izinambuzane ama-polyphages. Bancamela ukuncela ujusi wamajikijolo, izimbali namaqabunga ezitshalo zokuhlobisa nezamafutha, izihlahla zezithelo. Ngemva kwalokhu, efihlekile kanye namahlamvu zome, lezi izithelo iwe noma konakalise ngokushesha. I-berry bug ifinyelela ku-12 mm ubude, umzimba upendiwe ngombala onsomi obomvu. Ingaphezulu le-exoskeleton limbozwe izinwele ezi-chitinous. Kulula ukuhlukanisa ngumuntu usebe isici kanye esiswini ngombala omnyama nomhlophe.
Isinambuzane semabula
Lesi sinambuzane yisinambuzane esiyingozi esithinta izinhlobo ezingama-300 zezitshalo. Bona ikhiphe i okunoshukela ezingemnandi iphunga ukuthi kumane kubadumaze izinyoni namagundane. Umzimba wesiphoko umise okwenziwe ngopende. Ngasemuva kukhona amabala ansundu anamazinga ahlukahlukene obukhulu, okuvela kuwo umphumela wamaphethini wemabula. Lapho kuqala frost, izimbungulu nokugibela amakamelo eshubile. Entwasahlobo, zanda ngokushesha, zibeka amaqanda angama-20-30 ngasikhathi. Kuze kube yizizukulwane ezintathu ezifuywayo ngonyaka.
Izikhombo! Kusukela ngoJulayi 1, 2017, iEurasian Economic Union ifake izimbungulu zemabula ohlwini lwezinto ezihlukanisiwe.
Cimex adjunctus
Alternative amagama - omhlophe, igundane bug. Iyondla ngegazi lamalulwane, akuvamile ukuba ihlale emibhedeni yabantu. Ngokubukeka, akahlukile ku-Cimex lectularius. Ubude umzimba kusuka 3 8.5 mm, kuncike ngezinga elithile saturation amagciwane ngegazi. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-bug yegundane ukuba khona kwezinwele ezimhlophe eduze kwekhanda. Izinambuzane akudingeki amaphiko phambi noma indluzelekazi.
Cimex hemipterus
I-bug Cimex hemipterus ingeyamagciwane ancela igazi. Izimuncagazi uncamela axazulule eduze abantu. Izikelemu ezisebenzayo ze-Cimex lectularius, ezifanayo ngokubonakala. Izici ezihlukile ziyizingalo ezincanyana zokuqina kanye nesiqu esiyindilinga esingaphansi. Lapho kuqala ukuhwalala, umsebenzi ezidala incipha. Amelana kakhulu nama-insecticides amakhemikhali.
Izinkukhu Izimbungulu
Izinambuzane ngokubukeka zifane inkukhu izibungu. Anombala onsundu, umzimba uthambile. Ukugcotshwa kusuka egazini elidakiwe, shintsha umbala ube mnyama, ubomvu. Bona ahole indlela yokuphila ebusuku, ngesikhathi sasemini they sitheza ngaphakathi okunzima ukufinyelela Slots. Ukuba khona kwama-parasite ezinyoni kungasolwa ngokufutheka kwesikhumba, ubomvu. Ukulunywa yi-Bedbug kubangela ukulunywa nokuqina okukhulu, ngenxa yokuthi inyoni iqala ukugoqa le ndawo ethintekile, izilimaza yona ngamanxeba ayo.
Izimbungulu Bed abahlala amanzi
Izimbungulu zamanzi zivumelaniswa nokuphila kukobukhulu nangaphezulu kwamachibi amile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
Lezi zinhlobo izimbungulu babe nemilenze side, ukwandisa ngasekupheleni. Benza umsebenzi wokuhlehla ngokuhamba okusheshayo kufilimu yamanzi. Bancamela ukuziphilela ngokuzinamathisela e-algae kanye naphansi olunodaka. Zonke izinhlobo amanzi izimbungulu kukhona eziyingozi. Ngokuya ngosayizi we-imago, inyamazane yabo iyoba izinambuzane, amaqanda, i-caviar kanye nefry fish.
Kubalulekile! Izinambuzane zidinga umoya ukuze uphefumule. Alondoloza amaphiko athuthukile kudingekile elifushane ibanga izindiza kusesho engokwemvelo entsha.
Izimbangi zamanzi
Ngenkathi efudumele, zihlala phezu kwemizimba yamanzi emile. Nemilenze embozwe hydrophobic exoskeleton izinwele usizo ukwenza ukunyakaza ethize eduze kwamanzi. Imilenze yangaphambili imfushane, isetshenziselwa ukubamba nokubamba inyamazane. Izikejana zamanzi abantu abadala zifinyelela kubude obungama-30 mm. amehlo faceted futhi receptor ezwela nasemilenzeni uvumele izinambuzane ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nezwe elibazungezile futhi acoshe kunyakaza kancane ifilimu amanzi. Bazondla ngama-invertebrates.
Gladysh
Elikhulu angenasawoti izimbungulu babe elytra convex. Umbala we-exoskeleton uncike kumbala waphansi kwedamu lendawo abahlala kuyo. Isikhathi esiningi, abantu abadala bachitha ebusweni bamanzi, bephumula izitho zabo ngemuva kwefilimu yamanzi. Ngokungafani namanzi striders, emzimbeni isinambuzane egxilile kukholamu amanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-fishfish ibamba izinambuzane ezincane kanye nefry fish. Ebusika, izimbungulu zamanzi zigibela ngaphansi kongqimba oluyinqaba. Lapho ichibi bome, zindiza ukuba engokwemvelo entsha. Isikhathi sonke asisebenzi amaphiko.
I-Bialystoma
Igama okunye inkulu amanzi bug. Inomzimba oyisicaba owakhiwe kahle onamawundi aminyene, enza umsebenzi wokubamba. Abantu abadala, bafinyelela ku-15 cm ubude, bondla kumaxoxo, amasalamanders nezinhlanzi ezincane. Abakwazi bakulume ngokusebenzisa isikhumba womuntu, kodwa uyingozi ngoba ababhukudayo.
Inkomba! Owesilisa unakekela inzalo, insikazi ibekela amaqanda emhlane wayo.
Bedbug Podisus maculiventris
Ukudla izimbungulu kufaka izinhlobo ezingama 90 zezinambuzane zomhlaba wezolimo:
- I-Colado amazambane amabhungane
- whiteflies American
- ubhontshisi
- isilkorm engavuthiwe.
Izinsikazi kunangendlela kwabesilisa, ukufinyelela yokugcina ubude 11 mm. Umbala womzimba uhluka kusuka onsundu kuya kwe-beige emnyama. Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda angama-20 kuye kwangama-70, aze afike ku-1 mm ngosayizi. Izibungu dweba ngemuva kwezinyanga 1-1.5.
I-Anthocoris nemorum
Izimbungulu ze-Antokoris zihlala izihlahla ezihlahla izithelo nezihlahlana, izitshalo zasendle nezemifino, izitshalo ezithwala umpe. Umzimba side, ababethi Tint sinombala. Izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa, zifinyelela ku-4 mm ubude. Zilusizo ngoba ziyizidlakudla ezi-polyphagous, ukudla kwazo okubandakanya izinambuzane zomhlaba wezolimo:
- amaqanda sawfly ehlasela currants kanye gooseberries,
- umphimbo wethanga,
- umkhaza wezithelo obomvu,
- aphid,
- amapheshana.
Izimbungulu ezibikezelayo zohlobo lwe-Orius
silokazane esincane yokukhanya umbala onsundu. Iqine kakhulu, isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekulweni nama-thrips, yidla inkathazo kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthuka. Izimbungulu zohlobo lwe-Orius nazo ziyadla:
- aphid
- izibungu zesicabucabu,
- ezimhlophe
- amaqanda amacimbi Ketha.
Izinambuzane ezihlaselayo zivezwa iqiniso lokuthi zichitha inani elikhulu lezinambuzane ezinambuzane kunalokho ezidinga ukudla.Uma kungekho ama-phytophages, u-Orius angadla impova, engalimazi isivuno.
Umndeni Wabahlaseli (i-Reduviidae)
Ziyisigcawu esikhulu sabamele abaphethe uhhafu. Ziphila impilo yobusuku obumnandi, zincela amaqanda ezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Izidlamlilo zimnyama, nsundu, nsundu ngombala wokuba khona kwamabala e-orange, aphuzi nohlaza.
Ukunaka! Izinhlobo zezinyamazane ezidla ezinye zingadla igazi lomuntu.
UMacrolofus (umndeni wakwaMiridae wezinyoni zamahhashi)
Izimbungulu zemibhede macrolofus ziqhakaza kakhulu. Esikhathini sonke sokuphila esibalelwa ezinsukwini ezingama-30, kudliwa izibungu ezingama-2500 namaqanda ama-whitefly angama-3000. Abantu abadala banomzimba ophakeme wombala oluhlaza, ongama-2,7-4 mm ubude. I-exoskeleton imbozwe ngezinwele ezincane. Owesifazane uhlukaniswa yisisu esiphakeme esine-ovipositor ebizwayo.
IMacrolofus isetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane ezingena-herbivorous zenhlabathi evaliwe, ngoba idla okuluhlaza okotshani kanye nezimhlophe, ugwinyo, utamatisi notshani.
Ubungozi bicentennial
Iyondla kuma-herbivores. Ukudla okumnandi kakhulu kwe-perillus ibhungane lamazambane leColorado, elidla amaqanda nezibungu zombili. Uma kungekho mabhungane endaweni yokuhlala yekoloni, izimvemvane, amacimbi nezinhlobo zezambulela kufakiwe ekudleni.
I-bug yi-thermophilic, ifa ngokushesha emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Unogobolondo omnyama onamaphethini we-orange aqhakazile.
I-Picromerus
Izinambuzane ezisizayo zikhulumile i-dimorphism yezocansi. Izinsikazi zikhulu futhi zikhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Umzimba wezimbungulu zesifazane ufinyelela ku-15 mm ubude. Abesilisa banomzimba omfishane nosayizi ongaphansi kuka-10 mm. Umzimba ompunga we-picromerus usesimweni esimile, amalunga adwetshwe ngombala obomvu, izintuthwane nekhanda zimnyama. Naphezu kokuba khona kwamaphiko athuthukile, izinambuzane azindiza. I-Elytra isetshenziselwa ukuphenya nge-parachuting kusuka ezitshalweni ezinde.
Izinambuzane zihlasela eqenjini futhi zidle umuntu ohlaselayo, ngokwesibonelo:
- Izindwangu ezimhlophe zaseMelika
- Amabhungane eColorado,
- izibungu ziyabuna
- sawflies
- izinhlobo ezihlukene zama-larva.
I-Armata inyamazane
Lesi sinambuzane sidla izinambuzane zezilimo zezolimo. Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala bufika ku-14 mm. I-carapace ipendwe nsundu enamabala amaningi amnyama. Amaphethelo e-armata ayizindawo ezishisayo, izimbungulu zinezindawo ezihlala ama-steppe kanye nezindawo ezisehlathini.
Ukudla kufaka:
- isikhumbuzo
- hawthorn
- amabhungane amaqabunga e-alder,
- I-Colado amazambane amazambane kanye namaqanda ayo.
I-Zicron Blue
I-Zikron eluhlaza isindisa amazambane kusuka kubhungane beColorado, okuwumthombo wabo oyinhloko wokudla. Ibulala amaqanda ezinambuzane kuphela; izimbungulu azondli kubantu abadala. Ama-preredator anesigxobo esiyindilinga esiluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza okotshani onamagobongo acwebezelayo. Isikhathi somsebenzi siwela emini.
Isikhulu seBedbug
Ungowomndeni wezimbungulu ezibomvu. Ungabeki usongo kubantu, hhayi abathwali bezifo eziyingozi. Amasosha apendwe mnyama, i-elytra kanye ne-exoskeleton yangemuva inephethini elibomvu. Amaphiko endluzelekazi awekho; kukhona i-proboscis esidala. Isisekelo sokudla kwamasosha ujusi wezihlahla zezithelo, uketshezi ovela emaqabungeni, ungalimazi umhlaba wezolimo. Kushiya ama-punctures awomile, izithelo azonakalisi.
I-Alder bug
I-alder bug-hen yathola igama layo ngenxa yowesifazane, othi uma ebeka amaqanda, akhethe i-alder kuphela. Kubhekiselwa kuzihlangu zokhuni. Inomzimba omude ofinyelela kubude obuyi-8 mm. Ipendwe ngombala onsundu okhanyayo namachashazi amnyama amaningi. Imivimbo emnyama futhi ephuzi iyashintshana onqenqemeni lwamaphiko.
Ezihlahleni, izinambuzane zichitha iningi lempilo yazo. Izinsikazi azishiyi amaqanda nezibungu ezihlafunwe zize zikwazi ukuthola ngokuzimela ukudla futhi zibe khona ngaphandle kwesidleke. Ebantwini, izinkukhu azibi yingozi.
Isiphetho
Kunezinhlobo ezilusizo, ezilimazayo nezingenabungozi zezimbungulu. Esokuqala sisetshenziswa kwezolimo ukulawula inani lama-phytophages asongela isivuno esizayo. Izimbungulu zezinambuzane zingaba yingozi esihlahleni sezithelo, insimu nezitshalo zemifino. Bazondla ngamajusi wezitshalo. Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwabo, ukomiswa kwamaqabunga kuyabonakala, ukwehla kwekhwalithi yezitshalo.
Ezinye izinhlobo ziyizinambuzane, izinambuzane eziphuza igazi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimbungulu zombhede kanye no-triatomic ezithwele izifo ezithathelwanayo. Izinambuzane ezingenangozi zihlala ngokuthula nabantu, ngaphandle kokulimaza umzimba noma umhlaba wezolimo.
I-Morphology
IBedbug inomzimba olotshwe ngokuqinile obude obu-3 kuya ku-8,4 mm, kuya ngokugcwala kwegazi. Abesilisa banciphile ngokwesilinganiso kunabesifazane. Faka umbala kusuka ophuzi okungcolile ube nsundu. I-proboscis, evumelaniswa nezicubu ze-puncture futhi incela igazi, isuka emaphethelweni angaphambili lekhanda. Imihlathi engenhla nengaphansi ibukeka njengokugxisha amabhlokhi angenazimpawu futhi yakha iziteshi ezimbili: eyodwa ebanzi yokwamukela igazi nelincane kakhulu lokuthumela amathe endaweni yomujovo.
Ngenxa yejometri nokuguquguquka komzimba ohlukanisiwe, i-bug elambile ayibuthakathaka kalula izindlela zokuyilawula. Isiphazamiso esondliwe kahle siba seselula kancane, umzimba waso sithola ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kanye nombala ohambelana negazi (umbala wawo - osuka kobomvu uye omnyama - unganqunywa ukuthi lo muntu wagcina nini ukudla).
Umlando wokusabalalisa
Indawo yokuhlala yesiphazamisi embhedeni cishe yayingumhume wase-Middle East, owakhiwe ngabantu namalulwane. Baqala ukukhulunywa ngemithombo yasendulo yamaGrikhi ngonyaka ka-400 BC, kamuva u-Aristotle wabhala ngabo. UPliny, emlandweni wakhe Wezemvelo, wanika izimbungulu amandla okwelapha izinyoka kanye nezifo ezithinta izindlebe. Ukukholelwa kwinani lezokwelapha lezimbungulu kwahlala okungenani kwaze kwaba ngekhulu le-18, lapho uGettar ancoma ukuwasebenzisa ukwelapha i-hysteria. Esokuqala kukhulunywa ngaso eJalimane ngekhulu le-XI, eFrance ngekhulu le-XIII, eNgilandi ngo-1583, yize kuze kube ngonyaka we-1670 bekuqabukela lapho. Ngekhulu le-16, abanqobi beNew World bayiletha ezwenikazi laseMelika. ECentral Asia, njengegciwane lomuntu, ibug embhedeni yaqala ukubonakala kuphela kumashumi ayisithupha ekhulu le-XIX ngokufika kwamasosha aseRussia eTurkestan (umthombo awucacisiwe). Iminyaka engama-20, wabonakala kuwo wonke amadolobhana nasemizaneni yaseTurkestan. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu, izimbungulu zombhede nazo zitholakala ngokwemvelo: ezigodini zezihlahla, emihumeni, njll. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kutholakala emhumeni ongaphansi komhlaba waseBaharden eTurkmenistan. Umhume, osemthambekeni osenyakatho weKopet-Dag, awutholakali futhi akuvamile ukuba uhanjelwe ngabantu. Kutholwe izimbungulu kuleyo ngxenye, okungekho ukukhanya ngokuphelele, lapha kutholakala amalulwane ngisho nasemanzini echibi elingaphansi komhlaba, lapho, ngokusobala, ewa ezindaweni zokuqongelela kwalezi zilwane emhumeni womhume. Esigodini saseDaurian, le bug ihlala emiseleni yamagundane (iDaurian pika, i-herd vole, njll.), Kanye nasezidlekeni zondlunkulu bensimu, izimbotshana nezinsimbi ezihlelwe ezakhiweni zabantu. Ukwazi kwaleli cala lempilo yesiphithiphithi kusesematheni kakhulu.
Ukulimaza
Akufakazelwa ngokuthembekile ukuthi izimbungulu ziyakwazi ukubekezelela izifo. Kodwa-ke, azikhiphi ngaphandle kokudluliselwa kwezidalwa ezibangela i-tularemia, brucellosis, ingxibongo, i-hepatitis B, isifo sofuba, umkhuhlane we-typhoid ne-anthrax. A. B. Diter uveze ukuthi izindimbane zezimbungulu zingase zibe ne-rickettsia yeBurnet. Ziletha ukulimala okukhulu kubantu ngokulunywa yizo, zibancishe ukuphumula okujwayelekile nokulala bese kunciphisa amandla abo okusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo, ukulunywa kungaholela ekuqubushweni kwesikhumba, komzimba noma kungaba yinto ebuhlungu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, i-bug, ngokungafani nomiyane, kuyaqabukela ihlala endaweni eyodwa yesikhumba - esikhundleni salokho, ihamba eduze kwayo, ishiye "indlela" yokulimala. Ibanga phakathi kokulunywa lingafinyelela amasentimitha ambalwa. Lapho izakhiwo zingenwe yilesi sifo, ukulunywa okungama-500 noma ngaphezulu kungenzeka ngobusuku obubodwa.
Kufakazelwe [ Ngobani? ], ukuthi ama-70% abantu ngandlela thile akaboni ukulunywa bug, okwenza ukutholwa bugs kunzima. Kutholakala imicu yezinyawo ezinsundu embhedeni, kwakheka lapho bug kuchotshozwa umuntu ophonsa futhi ophendukayo ephusheni okhathazekile ngokulunywa. Ngokwezinga elithile lokutheleleka kwekamelo ngezinambuzane, iphunga elithile lingavela.
Ngenxa yomqondo wabo wephunga, izimbungulu zithola izingubo zansuku zonke zabantu (ezivame ukwenziwa) futhi zicashe kulo, ngaleyo ndlela zithuthele kwamanye amakhaya. Izimbungulu zingafihla futhi zibeke amaqanda kunoma yiziphi izinto ze-elekthronikhi, imidwebo, izincwadi, amabhokisi.
Izindlela zanamuhla zomzabalazo
Ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwezimbungulu namaqanda abo kutholakala ngokushisa okuphelele kwegumbi lonke elinegciwane lezimbungulu ngomlilo owomile wokushisa okungekho ngaphansi kwe-+48 ° C amahora angama-6-8.
Phakathi kwama-insecticides, ama-pyrethroids asebenza kakhulu (i-cypermethrin, i-alfacipermetrin, i-deltamethrin, i-lambda-cygalotrin). Kodwa-ke, ama-pyrethroids awazinzile emoyeni nokukhanya. Kungahle kube nokuthuthuka kokunganakwa kuma-pyrethroids phakathi kwezimbungulu zombhede. Ngakho-ke, kunconyelwa ukuthi kuguqulwe ukuqhutshwa namanye ama-insecticides noma ukuwasebenzise ndawonye ku-emulsion esebenza. Isibonelo, i-organophosphorus compounds, evame ukubakhona kuma-insecticides, inomphumela we-ovicidal. Futhi, amalungiselelo we-anti-bug angaqukatha i-neonicotinoids, i-carbamic acid derivatives, phenylpyrazoles ne-boric acid.
Inketho ephumelelayo futhi efanelekayo yokuphatha izingubo ezingcolile, okombhede, amathoyizi, izicathulo, amabhulukwe, njll. Isomiswa sezingubo, esibekelwa emazingeni okushisa aphakathi naphakeme imizuzu eyi-10 kuye kwengama-20.
Ezindlela zemvelo zokuvikela, zokuphindisela, ungasebenzisa izimbali, amaqabunga neziqu zezimbali ezijwayelekile noma isimangalo samaqabunga e-marsh rosemary.
Izimbungulu zamanzi
Kuzo zonke izindawo zokugcina lapho kungekho khona amandla anamanje aqinile, kutholakala uhlobo noma olunye lwezimbungulu. Iningi lezimpilo zabo lidlula endaweni yasemanzini. Lapha izinambuzane zizalanisa, zizingele futhi zondle. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezimbungulu zamanzi ziyizidakamizwa.
Lezi zinyoni ezilandelayo zithathwa njengemindeni yesiphazamiso esivame kakhulu ukukhetha ukuthi kufe amanzi.