Impisi enomuntu
UManed Wolf eCologne Zoo, eJalimane
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi

Impisi enomuntu noma i-guara , aguarachay (lat. Chrysocyon brachyurus) - isilwane esidla izambane likapondo somndeni we-canine. Umeleli kuphela wesimanje wohlobo Chrysocyon. Ihunyushwe kusuka esiGrekini, igama layo lesiLatini lisho "inja yegolide enomsila omfishane."

Ukubukeka

Ilungu elikhulu lomndeni wama-canine eSouth America, impisi enamadoda ibukeka ngendlela engafani nenye. Esikhundleni salokho, kubukeka njengempungushe enkulu emilenzeni ephakeme, emincane kunempisi. Umzimba wakhe mfushane impela (125-130 cm). Imilenze iphakeme kakhulu (ukuphakama kubuna cm 74-87 cm). Impisi enamadoda inesisindo esingu-20-23 kg. Ukungafani komzimba kugcizelelwa futhi yizindlebe eziphakeme kanye nomsila omfushane (28-45 cm), kanye nesifumbu esiphakeme: ubude besikhumba saso singama-21- 24 cm.Imilenze emide yempisi enamanzi, ngokusobala, iyindlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo endaweni - amathafa anotshani - ayasiza impisi yokuhlola okuzungezile, ihamba otshanini obude. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imidlwane yempisi enamadoda izalwa inemilenze emifushane. Ukwanda kobude bomlenze kungenxa yokukhula komlenze ophansi kanye nama-metatarsus (njengama-cheetah), noma kunjalo, izimpisi ezinamadoda azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi abagijimi abahle.

Umugqa wezinwele wale wolf uphakeme futhi uthambile impela. Umbala ojwayelekile ubomvu ophuzi, i-chin nomsila ekugcineni. Ukusuka umqhele kuya maphakathi emuva kunomugqa omnyama. Imilenze imnyama. Kukhona amabala amnyama ebusweni. Ijazi ku-nape nasengxenyeni engenhla yentamo lide (lize lifinyelele ku-13 cm) futhi likhulu futhi lenze i-mane elimi ekugcineni bese libukeka likhulisa usayizi wesilwane lapho lishaqekile noma linolaka.

Ukubhebhetheka

Impisi enamadoda isatshalaliswa enyakatho isuka emlonyeni woMfula iParnaiba (enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil) ukuya empumalanga yeBolivia, eningizimu uhla luhlanganisa iParaguay kanye nesifundazwe saseRio Grande do Sul (eBrazil). Phambilini, yabuye yatholakala naseningizimu-mpumalanga yePeru, e-Uruguay kanye nasenyakatho ye-Argentina (aze afike ku-30 ​​° S), kepha kulezi zindawo, kusobala ukuthi yaqothuka.

Impisi enamadoda ihlala ikakhulu emathafeni aluhlaza notshani. Ingatholakala ema-savannahs omile nakumaxhaxha ehlathi laseMato Grosso, ezinkambeni zaseBrazil, emathafeni anamagquma asenyakatho yeParaguay nasezindaweni ezinesithwathwa seGran Chaco. Imilenze emide imvumela ukuba avele kalula phakathi kotshani obude nakude aqaphele inyamazane. Ezintabeni noma emahlathini emvula, akwenzeki. Iyivelakancane kulo lonke uhla lwayo.

Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo

Izimpisi ezinamadoda zihola indlela yobusuku nobusuku - phakathi nosuku zivame ukuphumula phakathi kwezimila eziminyene, ngezikhathi ezithile zihamba amabanga amafushane. Abesilisa basebenza kakhulu kunabesifazane. Isisekelo sesakhiwo senhlalo yezimpisi ezinomuntu umbhangqwana wokuzalela, ohlala endaweni eyodwa yasekhaya (cishe amakhilomitha angama-27), kepha ngaphandle kwalokho uzimele. Owesilisa nowesifazane bayaphumula, bayazingela futhi bahamba ngokwehlukana. Imingcele yendawo ivikelekile kwabesilisa abalahlekile futhi imakwe ngomchamo nezindunduma ezishiywe ezindaweni ezithile. Ekuthunjweni, ubudlelwane phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane busondele - bayondla futhi balale ndawonye (abesilisa ekudingisweni bakhombisa ukukhathalela inzalo, ukuvikela nokondla amawundlu ezimpisi). Futhi, abesilisa ekudingisweni basungula ubudlelwano bendawo yobukhosi.

Ekudleni kwempisi enamanzi, ukudla kwesilwane nemvelaphi yezilwane kutholakala cishe ngokulingana. Udla kakhulu ezilwaneni ezincane: izinduku (agouti, Pak, tuco-tuco), onogwaja, armadillos. Iphinde idle izinyoni namaqanda ayo, izirhubuluzi, iminenke nezinambuzane, idla ubhanana, iguava kanye nesitshalo sohlobo lwe-nightshade ISolanum lycocarpum. Lezi zokugcina, ngokusobala, zisiza izimpisi ezinamadoda ukuqeda izinqola ezinkulu zesibungu (Dioctophyme renale), eqina ezinso. Iphinde idle izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Uma impisi enamadoda ihlasela inkukhu, ngezikhathi ezithile ingathwala iwundlu elisanda kuzalwa noma ingulube. Izimpisi ezinamadoda azihlaseli abantu.

Izinduna zezimpisi ezinamadoda zenza le misindo elandelayo: ukukhonkotha okujulile okuzwakala ngokushesha ngemuva kokushona kwelanga, ukukhamuluka okukhulu, lapho izimpisi, zihlukaniswe khona buqamama, ziyaxhumana, kanye nokukhalela okuyisidina lapho zixosha izimbangi zazo.

Ukuzala

Izimpisi ezinamadoda ziyizoni. Umjikelezo wokuzala ufundwe kancane. Ukuqala kwesizini yokuguga ngokusobala kulawulwa isikhathi sokuthatha izithombe - ekuthunjweni, kumlingani wezimpisi ezinamadoda ngo-Okthoba -Febhuwari eNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi ngo-Agasti - Okthoba eSouth America. I-estrus yabesifazane yenzeka kanye ngonyaka futhi ihlala ezinsukwini ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-4.

Ukukhulelwa, njengaleyo yemisidi eminingi, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-62-66. Owesifazane uhlela indawo yokuhlala otshanini obukhulu. Kukhona imidlwane engu-1-5, ku-udoti, ubuningi - 7. Amaphayiphu ngokuzalwa anesisindo esingu-340-430 g futhi athuthuke ngokushesha. Amehlo abo avuleka ngosuku lwe-9, futhi kakade ngeviki lesi-4 baqala ukudla ukudla okugotshwe ngunina. Umbala wazo ekuqaleni ungwevu emnyama, kepha eminyakeni eyi-10 amasonto uyashintsha abe bomvu. Ukuqunjelwa esithweni sowesifazane kuthatha amasonto angama-15. Mayelana nokubandakanyeka kukababa ekukhuliseni izilwane ezincane esimweni semvelo yazo akwaziwa.

Izimpisi ezisezinsizwa zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba ngonyaka, zihlala ekudingisweni kuze kube iminyaka eyi-12-15.

Isimo sabantu

Ubuncane besibalo sezimpisi ezinamadoda siphansi, izifundo ezenziwa ngonyaka we-1964-1967 eBrazil, indawo ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-650,000 ikhombisa ukuthi isilwane esi-1 sitholakale cishe ku-300 km². Isimo seManed Wolf encwadini ebomvu yamazwe onke “sisondele kakhulu”, okusho ukuthi "sisengozini".

Kwezinye izindawo, impisi enamadoda kwesinye isikhathi ihlasela imvu. Umonakalo abawubonayo awubalulekile, ngoba impisi enamadoda yonke indawo incane. Ukuchithwa kwamahlathi okulima kunomthelela omuhle kule hlobo, ngoba kwandisa indawo yezindawo ezifanele indawo yazo. Kodwa-ke, lapho kusetshenziswa kakhulu umhlaba wezolimo, izimpisi ezinamadoda azenzeki. Zitholakala futhi ezifweni, ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka nge-parvovirus (distemper).

Umsuka

Yize ifana nezimpungushe, impisi enamadoda ayisona isihlobo sayo esiseduze. Ikakhulu, akanazo isimilo esime mpo sezimpungushe. Ubuhlobo bakhe nomndeni Dusicyon (Falkland fox) nayo yayinempikiswano. Ngokusobala, kuyizinhlobo ezingama-relict ezasinda ekuqothulweni kwemithi emikhulu yaseNingizimu Melika ekugcineni kwePleistocene.

Incazelo yeManed Wolf

Lesi sidlwengu sinemilenze emincanyana kunalokho. Zinde futhi zizacile. Ungasho ukuthi "imodeli yemfashini." Kepha, naphezu kobude bemilenze yabo, izimpisi azinikwanga amandla okugijima ngokushesha.

Singasho ukuthi imilenze emide ayimnikwanga ubuhle, kodwa ukuze asinde endaweni yemvelo. Kepha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, impisi, ngenxa yemilenze yayo emide, ibona konke okukude, sikuphi isisulu, nalapho ingozi ilindele isesimweni somuntu.

Imilenze yempisi - lesi yisici sakhe esijabulisayo kakhulu futhi, umuntu angasho, isipho esivela phezulu. Ngokunokwenzeka, kumayelana nale mpisi lapho isaga esithi "Wolf usuthisa izinyawo". Ngempela, ngiyabonga kubo, impisi ibona konke.

Izinwele zomhlaseli zithambile kakhulu. Isigaxa sakhe nentamo yakhe kukhulu, kufana nezimpawu zangaphandle ze-fox. Isifuba siyisicaba, umsila umfushane, izindlebe ziqondile. Ijazi likhulu futhi lithambile.

Esithombeni, impisi enamadoda

Futhi umbala ubomvu ngombala obomvu. Ukuphela kwe-chin nomsila kukhanya. Imilenze yabo imnyama. Emuva kwentamo, ijazi lide kakhulu kunoku ngaphezulu komzimba. Uma impisi isaba noma izama ukwethusa, khona-ke lolu hlaka lwezinwele lumi ekugcineni.

Kungakho igama elithi "Impisi enomuntu". Lesi sidlamlilo sinamazinyo angama-42, njengomndeni we-canine. Izwi lalesi silo lihluke kakhulu, liyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesimo. Izimpisi zixhumana ngokuhlokoma okude, futhi kukhulu, zixoshe futhi zisabise abaphikisi bazo ngesithulu kakhulu, kuthi ekushoneni kwelanga zimane zikhonkotha kakhulu.

Ubude bomzimba cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-125. Umsila ungamasentimitha angama-28 - 32. Isisindo salesi silo sifinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-22. Imvamisa enezimpisi ezihlala maningi ziphila cishe iminyaka eyi-13 - 15. Ubudala obukhulu buba yiminyaka eyi-17. Isifo esinjenge-distemper sivame kakhulu ezilwaneni (kuvame futhi phakathi kwama-canid).

Indlela Yokuphila YeManed Wolf

Izimpisi ezin Maned, njengabo bonke abafowabo, bavame ukuphuma ebusuku. Bazingela ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ntambama, bayaphumula. Kunzima kakhulu ukuzibona, ngoba zisemaphethelweni wokuqothulwa futhi zesaba ukuzibonisa phambi komuntu. Ezimweni ezihlukile kuphela lapho zingavela khona.

Ukuzingela kuthatha isikhathi eside impela - inyamazane ihlala emqamekweni, ilindele inyamazane yayo futhi ikhethe umzuzu ofanele kakhulu wokuhlaselwa. Izindlebe ezinkulu zimsiza kahle ukuzwa inyamazane, ingakhathalekile ukuthi ikuphi, noma ngabe yothuli obukhulu noma emide, imilenze emide izokwenza umsebenzi wazo, ikhombisa inyamazane yezimpisi.

Isisulu esinezidladla zaso ngaphambili singqongqoza phansi, kube sengathi sisongela inyamazane, bese siyibamba ngejerk. Cishe kuzo zonke izimo, ufinyelela umgomo, ashiye isisulu singekho ithuba lempilo.

Abesifazane nabesilisa endalweni yemvelo bahlala endaweni eyodwa, kepha bayazingela futhi balale bodwa. Kepha, lapho izilwane zihlala ekudingisweni, zikhulisa izingane ndawonye.

Abesilisa baqapha indawo yabo, impisi ibeka ngokungenasici endaweni yayo. Lezi zilwane, ngemvelo, zinhle kakhulu zibunjiwe komunye nomunye. Akuvamile ukuthi kube nezikhathi lapho umhlaseli ehlasela uhlobo lwazo.

Izimpisi, empeleni, zinezifiso futhi azihlali ephakethe. Akukho zitha phakathi kwezimpisi phakathi kwezilwane. Kepha umuntu uyisitha esikhulu salomhlaseli. Abantu baziqothula lezi zilwane ngenxa yokuthi bafika njalo ezigangeni zabo.

Umsoco

Izidlakudla zidla ikakhulu ezilwaneni ezincane (izinyoni, iminenke, izinambuzane, amaqanda), zigwinye ukudla futhi zingakuhlafunisi nhlobo, ngoba zinemihlathi ebuthakathaka yokudla izilwane ezinkulu.

Imihlathi ayakheki ngokwanele ukuphula nokuchoboza ithambo elikhulu, elikhulu. Futhi, abagcini ekudleni izinkukhu, ngaleyo ndlela bahlukanise umuntu.

Vele, amacala anjalo awavamisile ukwenzeka, kodwa ayenzeka. Okuthokozisa kakhulu ukuthi, abahlaseli abantu, akukaze kubhalwe phansi icala elilodwa lokuhlaselwa.

Impisi nayo imvelo enhle kumuntu. Ngaphezu kwenyama, lezi zilwane zidla ukudla kwezitshalo, zincamela ubhanana. Futhi, izimpisi zikuthanda kakhulu ukudla isithelo esinjalo njengempisi.

I-Wolfberry ithathwa njengezinobuthi obuningi, kepha iyasiza umhlaseli ukuthi aqede izilonda eziningi ezihlala emzimbeni wakhe. Kepha, kakhulu iqiniso elihehayoukuthi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, njengama-sitrobheli, ama-sitrobheli nezinye ezifana nazo, umhlaseli angazifaka ekudleni kwazo.

Ihlala kuphi impisi enamadoda?

Photo: Animal Maned Wolf

Kutholakala impisi enamadoda eNingizimu Melika, esifundazweni saseMato Gosu, eNyakatho Paraguay, enkabeni nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil, empumalanga yeBolivia. Yake yasakazeka kulo lonke elase-Argentina. Impisi enamadoda ijwayela isimo sezulu esifudumele. Ezintabeni, izimpisi zalolu hlobo azihlali.

Izindawo eziphambili lapho isilo sihlala khona noma sitholakala khona:

• Umngcele wehlathi,
• Izindawo ezinotshani obude noma amahlathi
• Pampas,
• Izindawo zamafulethi
• Ngaphandle kwamaswidi agcwele imifino.

Ngabe idlani impisi enamadoda?

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani impisi enamadoda?

Ngemuva kwendlela yokudla, impisi enamadoda iyamangaza. Igama elithi "omnivorous" lisho ukuthi "yidla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla." Ukusuka kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi izilwane ezinalolu hlobo lokudla azikwazi ukudla ukudla kwesitshalo kuphela kepha nomsuka wesilwane, futhi ne-carrion (izinsalela zezilwane noma zezitshalo). Lokhu kunezinzuzo zako, ngoba izilwane ezinjalo azinakufa yindlala, ngoba zikwazi ukuthola ukudla kunoma iyiphi indawo.

Isisekelo sokudla kwale mpisi ukudla kwezilwane nemvelaphi yezitshalo. Ezimweni ezivame kakhulu, lezi yizilwane ezincane, njengezicabucabu, iminenke, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, okwegobho, izinduku, izinyoni namaqanda, i-armadillos, amagundane. Kwesinye isikhathi kungahlasela izilwane ezifuywayo (iwundlu, inkukhu, ingulube). Akukaze kube nezimo zokuhlaselwa kwabantu. Futhi, uthokozela izinhlobonhlobo zezithelo ezimnandi, ubhanana, izimpande noma nezilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo, i-guava, ukudla kwesitshalo, amaqabunga. Ubhanana usithelo saso esithandayo. Bangadla amakhilogremu angaphezu kuka-1.5 wamabhanana ngosuku olulodwa!

Uma kunomfula oseduze, impisi ingabamba izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene, ezihuquzelayo. Akathandi ukuxoxa ngokudla. I-Carrion, ngokungafani nezinye i-omnivores, impisi enamadoda ayondli. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kulempisi enomuntu yisitshalo esisodwa sohlobo lwe-nightshade, olusiza ekubhubhiseni isibungu esikhulu sokuhlanza esiswini samathumbu esilwane, esaziwa ngokuthi yi-piling. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zibungu zabantu abadala zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ubude. Ziyizilwane ezisongela impilo.

Ngaphambi kokubamba inyamazane, impisi iyishuthela ekhoneni, noma ibambe amathe ayo bese iyayihlasela kungazelelwe. Ezimweni ezivamisile, uma ehlala eduzane nepulazi, weba ukudla. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izicubu zomlomo wakhe azithuthukiswanga kahle, isikhathi esiningi uvame ukugwinya uwonke. Kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi kungani impisi enamadoda ingaphangi inyamazane enkulu.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isimo nendlela yokuphila yempisi enamanzi ayiqondakali kahle ososayensi. Kepha amanye ala maqiniso anembile. Ngokubona kwabantu abaningi, impisi iyisilo esibi kakhulu. Kepha empeleni, lokhu akuyona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isimo salempisi enamadoda sizolile, silinganisele, siqaphile. Akabahlaseli abantu, kodwa kunalokho uzama ngazo zonke izindlela ezingabanjwa iso labo. Isimo sempisi silandelela izici zobuntu bempungushe - ubuqili, inkohliso. Lesi sici sibonakala ikakhulukazi lapho impisi intshontsha abalimi epulazini labo.

Futhi esinye isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthembeka. Impisi impilo yakhe yonke ihlala nowesifazane oyedwa kuphela. Futhi, bathanda ukuzimela. Lokhu kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi azikho emaphaketheni, ngoba intando yokuqala ingeyakho. Lapho isilo sithukuthele noma sinolaka, i-mane eseduze nentamo yayo ime. Unika isilwane inkulumo embi kakhulu.

Indlela yokuphila yezimpisi ezinamadoda iyaheha impela - phakathi nosuku abalala ngalo, baphumule, basiki elangeni, bayadlala, bahambe bayozingela kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Bahlala bodwa, hhayi emaphaketheni. Umsebenzi owesilisa ungaphezulu kakhulu kunowesifazane.

Abesifazane nabesilisa bazingela noma baphumule ngokwehlukana. Ngezikhathi zokukhwelana kuphela lapho bachitha isikhathi esiningi bendawonye. Izimpisi ezinamadoda zivame ukuxhumana zisebenzisa imisindo ethile.

Nazi ezimbalwa zazo:

• Ukukhonkotha komphimbo obukhulu - kusho ukushona kwelanga,
• Ukuhewula okuphezulu - ukuxhumana phakathi kwamabanga amakhulu,
• Isilima esiyisimungulu - isabisa izitha zethu
• I-snort - isexwayiso esiyingozi,
• Ukukhala okuwukunye ukuxhumana ukuxhumana ngamabanga amafushane.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Maned Wolves

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, izimpisi ezinamadoda zihlala nowesifazane oyedwa kuphela empilweni yabo yonke, ngokungafani nezinye izilwane. Lo mbhangqwana uhlala endaweni ecishe ibe ngamamitha-skwele angama-30, okungenakukwazi ukusondela kwabanye. Ukumaka insimu yabo, bayimaka ngomchamo wabo noma izingxenye ezincane zezindunduma ezindaweni ezithile. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, yizimpisi kuphela eziqonda leli phunga. Umuntu akasoze akuqonda lokhu empilweni yakhe.

Ngonyaka owodwa, izimpisi ezinamadoda zifinyelela ngokuphelele esikhathini sokuthomba, kodwa eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu zithathwa njengezilungele ukudala umndeni wazo. Isikhathi sokukhwelana, ukuzala kuba phakathi ekwindla, ukuqala kobusika. I-estrus yabesifazane ihlala kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni, kuthi kanti ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-2 (izinsuku ezingama-63).Ezimweni eziningi, kuzalwa imidlwane emibili kuya kweyisithupha (okuthiwa izimpisi ezisanda kuzalwa).

Amawundlu ezimpisi ezisanda kuzalwa azalwa amancane kakhulu, anesisindo esilinganiselwe sama-200 - 400 amagremu. Imizimba yabo inombala omnyama omnyama, noma ophuzi kanye nomsila omncane okhanyayo. Ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuqala abakwazi ukubona lutho. Ngemuva kwenyanga, izindlebe zabo zicishe zakhiwa ngokuphelele, kuvela umbala onsundu womzimba kanye nejazi elixegayo, amazinyo aqedwa. Kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu, umama wondla izingane zakhe ngobisi, nokudla okuthambile, aqale ukukuhlafuna bese akukhipha.

Zombili impisi kanye ne-wolf shem zikhulisa izingane zabo. Owesilisa usebenza ngenkuthalo umama ekukhuliseni nasekugcinweni komndeni wakhe. Uthola ukudla, asabise izitha ezinganeni, azifundise imithetho yemvelo futhi adlale imidlalo ehlukahlukene nazo.

Izitha Zemvelo Ze-Maned Wolf

Ososayensi abakwazanga ukukhomba izitha eziyiqiniso zempisi enamadoda emvelo yangempela. Ngokunokwenzeka azinjalo, ngoba zinobungane futhi azama ukubamba iso labazingeli abakhulu. Kepha bayaqiniseka ngokungangabazeki ukuthi isitha sakhe esikhulu ngumuntu nemisebenzi yakhe emibi. Ngasikhathi sinye, abantu abaludingi uboya noma inyama yalesi silwane, izizathu ziyajula. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Abalimi babulala impisi ngoba entshontsha izilwane zabo,
• Abanye abantu base-Afrika basebenzisa isikhumba namehlo ayo njenge-talisman yemikhiqizo yokwelapha,
• Ukuzilawula,
• Ukushoda kokudla, ukungondleki, izifo,
• Abantu bagawula izihlahla, bangcolisa amanzi nomoya, basuse izindawo zabo.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Maned Wolf ovela Red Book

Isibalo sezimpisi ezinamadoda sesiphansi kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, abekho ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi zabantu abadala abasala emhlabeni wonke. EBrazil kunabantu abacishe babe ngu-2000. Isimo sale mpisi enamadoda sibhalwe ku-International Red Book ngokuthi “uhlobo olusengozini yokuqothulwa”. Ngisho naseminyakeni eyi-2 edlule, kwakuyizinhlobo zezimpisi ezidumile ezindaweni ezise-Uruguay.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izimpisi ezinamadoda zingenwe yilesi sifo esinjengalesi sifo kanye nezinye ezingathi sína kangako. Yiwo futhi asongela impilo yezilwane lezi.

Ukuvikelwa kwempisi ecijile

Photo: Wolf Guara

EBrazil naseArgentina, kwethulwe umthetho owenqabela ukuzingela impisi enamadoda. Yize abantu abaningi beqhubeka nokonakalisa impilo yakhe. Ngo-1978, ososayensi baqala ukucwaninga, ukuqonda ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuvimba ukuqothulwa okubucayi kwalesi silwane.

Futhi, amaqembu ezenhlalo ezilwela impilo yezilwane ngayo yonke indlela engenzeka asiza izilwane: ukondla, ukwelapha. Impisi enomuntu ingabonakala kwizindawo zokugcina izilwane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nasezindlini zabantu. Okumangazayo ukuthi, nazo zingadanjiswa. Lapha uphephe, kepha noma kunjalo, noma yisiphi isilwane sizoba ngcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpisi zithanda ukuzimela. Kungaba kuhle impela empilweni izimpisi ezinamuntu ayengasekho engcupheni.

Ukufingqa, ngifuna ukugcizelela ukuthi kufanele sinakekele umhlaba wasendle wemvelo yethu. Izilwane eziningi zinyamalala ngokunembile ngenxa yemisebenzi eyingozi yabantu. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, bachitha izindawo zabo zokuhlala, babulale, bangcolise amanzi. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuhlonipha kakhulu abafowethu abancane futhi ungaphazamisi izimpilo zabo, ngaphandle kwalokho iplanethi yonke izokufa. Kufanele ukhumbule njalo ukuthi emvelweni, yonke into ixhumekile, hhayi kuphela impisi enamanzi, kepha ngisho nalo lonke itshe lengqabende linencazelo yalo.

Habitat

Kuhlala umuntu ophisi ikakhulukazi eningizimu Melika. Ihlala itholakala kakhulu endaweni eqala ukusuka enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil ifinyelela empumalanga yeBolivia. Maphakathi neBrazil, kwabonakala endaweni yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Lesi silo esingajwayelekile singabonakala naseParaguay nasezweni laseBrazil iRio Grande do Sul.

Kumapheshana wase-Argentina, agcinwe ngenani elincane. Impilo yonke, impisi enamadoda ikhetha amathafa agqunywe utshani obude nezihlahla. Uzizwa enethezekile ezindaweni ezinamapulangwe, lapho ahlala khona emikhakheni emide noma emaphethelweni.

Ingahlala esixhotsheni, kodwa igcina isondele emaphethelweni, lapho kukhona khona izimila eziningi, izinambuzane nezilwane ezinwabuzelayo. Akakuthandi ukushisa nesimo sezulu semvula, isimo sezulu esikahle kuye sinesimo sezulu. Ayilokothi ihlale ezintabeni, ezindaweni ezinamadwala, ezigungwini zesihlabathi nasehlathini eliminyene.

Isikhathi sokuphila

Ezindaweni ezivikelwe nezindawo zokufuya izilwane, impisi enamadoda ihlala iminyaka eyi-12-16, endaweni yemvelo kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-17, kepha lapho akuvamile ukuba ifike kuleli banga. Izilwane ziyafa ezandleni zabazingeli, ziwele ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto, zife ngenxa yokutheleleka nge-parvovirus (isifo). Izindawo ezengeziwe zabelwa ohulumeni bezwe ngezidingo zezolimo, bancisha izilwane indawo yazo yemvelo. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka ngenkani, akubona bonke abantu abasindayo.

Izimpisi ezinamadoda azibulelwa inyama noma izikhumba. Abalimi bayabadubula ngoba ibabona njengosongo emfuyweni nasezinkukhu. Abazingeli bajabulela inqubo yokujaha umdlalo.

Futhi ingxenye ehlukile yabantu bendawo ikholelwa inganekwane yasendulo, ethi amehlo esilo esingandile, umsila namathambo anamandla omlingo. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane siyabanjwa ukuze senze ama-talismans kamuva.

Endle, izimpisi ezinamadoda azinazitha ezisobala. Izitha zabo eziphambili kungumuntu nezifo. Izidlakudla zingenwa yizifo nokutheleleka, yibona kuphela abantu abanamandla abakwazi ukubhekana nalezi zifo, ababuthakathaka abasindi. Namuhla emhlabeni kunabantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-13, okukhona kuzo izinyamazana ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezimbili eBrazil.

E-Uruguay nasePeru, izilwane ezingandile ziye zacishe zanyamalala. UManed Wolf encwadini ebomvu yaqoshwa njengohlobo olusengozini. E-Argentina naseBrazil, ungaphansi kokuvikela umthetho, ukuzingela kuye kwenqatshelwe.

Ngo-1978, iWorld Wildlife Fund yaqala ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lwesilo esiyingqayizivele ukuvimbela ukuqothuka kwezinhlobo ezibalulekile futhi kwandise inani labantu emhlabeni.

Isimo sokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo

Impisi enamanzi ayivamile kulo lonke uhla, izinhlobo zohlu zibhalwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze izinhlobo zingawela kwesinye sezigaba ezisengozini - i-IUCN (NT). Impisi enamanzi nayo ifakiwe ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezichazwe yiConvention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora - CITES II.

Buka futhi ndoda

Impisi enamanzi ayiyona ingozi kubantu, kepha njengoba lesi silwane kwesinye isikhathi sithwala inkukhu, sihlasela iwundlu noma ingulube, abantu bayisukela. Isizathu esikhulu sokwehla kwenani lezimpisi ukunciphisa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukunyamalala cishe kwama-biotopes wemvelo. Kulezi zinsuku, cishe wonke ama-savannah afaneleka kakhulu izimpilo zezimpisi ezinomuntu alinywa futhi atshalwe ngezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Izilwane ziyaphoqelelwa ukuthi zingene emasimini atshaliwe lapho zingathola khona ukudla, kepha azikho izindawo ethule zokuzala nokukhulisa inzalo, futhi imihlangano nabantu ayinakuvinjwa.

Indlela Yokuphila Nenhlangano Yezenhlalo

Izimpisi ezinamadoda zihola indlela yokuphila nobusuku nobusuku, phakathi nosuku zivame ukuphumula phakathi kwezimila eziminyene, ngezikhathi ezithile zihamba amabanga amafushane. Abesilisa basebenza kakhulu kunabesifazane.

Isisekelo sesakhiwo senhlalo yezimpisi ezinomuntu umbhangqwana wokuzalela, ohlala endaweni eyodwa yasekhaya (cishe amakhilomitha angama-27), kepha ngaphandle kwalokho uzimele. Owesilisa nowesifazane bayaphumula, bayazingela futhi bahamba ngokwehlukana. Imingcele yendawo ivikelekile kwabesilisa abalahlekile futhi imakwe ngomchamo nezindunduma ezishiywe ezindaweni ezithile.

Ekuthunjweni, ubudlelwane phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane busondele, bayondla futhi balale ndawonye. Abesilisa abaphila endaweni ebiyelwe efanayo basungula ubudlelwano bezikhundla zobukhosi.

Impilo ye-Predator

Izimpisi ezin Maned zithanda ukuba zodwa. Ungahlangana nezilwane ezimbalwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Izilwane ezincelisayo zihola impilo esebenzayo kakhulu kusihlwa nasebusuku. Ntambama, izilwane ziphumula emahlathini, noma endaweni yokugcina impahla eyenzelwe wena. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela ebusuku, izimpisi ziyahamba nokuya endaweni yazo. Ebumnyameni, kubonga izindlebe zayo ezinkulu ukuthi isigingci siyakwazi ukuzwa ukusondela kwengozi noma inyamazane. Izimpisi ezinamadoda nazo zingama ngemilenze yazo engemva ukuze zibone kangcono indawo.

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Abesifazane abasebenzeki njengabesilisa. Ngosizo lwemisindo ekhethekile, bangaxosha izitha endaweni yabo noma baxwayise umlingani wakho ngengozi. Kuyabonakala ukuthi amagiya abanda kakhulu kubantu. Kuze kube manje, akukaze kube nokuhlaselwa kwabantu okubikiwe.

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Isabelo seWolf

Izimpisi zingabazingeli, kepha futhi, zidla nokudla kwezitshalo. Ukudla kufaka onogwaja, amagundane amancane, izinambuzane ezinkulu, izinhlanzi, izimbaza, izinyamazane, izinyoni namaqanda. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ama-guars awawona abazingeli abanamakhono amakhulu, ngoba awakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha ngenxa ye-physiology (amaphaphu awo anomthamo omncane). Ukukhula okubuthakathaka komhlathi kuvimbela isilwane ekuhlaseleni inyamazane enkulu. Ngesikhathi sokugadla kwendlala, abanye abantu bangahlangana eqenjini elincane futhi bazingele ndawonye.

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Njengokudla kwezitshalo, izimpisi zisebenzisa izithombo zezitshalo nezimpande zazo, i-guava, ubhanana.

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