Tarsiers (lat. Tarsius) - uhlobo lwezinhlobonhlobo. Kuqala kuchazwa ngo-1769. Kuze kube muva nje, wonke amalungu omndeni wakwaTrsiidae afakiwe kulolu hlobo lobuciko, kepha kwathi ngo-2010 kwahlongozwa ukuthi kuhlukaniswe lo mndeni kube uhlobo ezintathu. Uhlobo lwe-tarsiers luhlukaniswe okungenani izinhlobo ezintathu.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Phambilini ama-tarsiers abengowe-suborder engasasebenzi, namuhla athathwa njengomunye wemindeni yezinkawu ezomile (i-Haplorhini). Ku-Eocene nase-Oligocene, kwakukhona umndeni osondelene nama-tarsiers abizwa nge-Omomyidae, ababameleli bawo babehlala e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Babhekwa njengokhokho bama-tarsiers.

Hlukanisa ezinhlotsheni ezintathu kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili zama-tarsiers. Ngenkathi ezinhlanu zazo zingabhekwa njengokubhalisiwe, isimo sezinhlobo ezingenakutholakala sinazo:

Isimilo

Ama-Tarsiers ayizilwane ezincane, ukukhula kwawo kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-16 cm. Kulesi simo, umsila ongenalutho onesiga ekugcineni ufinyelela kubude obuyi-13 kuye kuma-27 cm. Isisindo sihluka kusuka ku-80 kuye ku-150 g. Umzimba mncane. Ijazi lithambile, lithule. Umbala wangemuva uhluka kusuka kumpunga kuya kwesibomvu ngokubomvu, isisu esikhanyayo. Bahlukaniswa ngokukhethekile yingxenye ende yenyakatho yonyawo, enikeze igama uhlobo. Izinyawo zinemifino emihlanu. Iminwe yinde, inciphile, inamaphampu emikhawulweni.

Ikhanda elikhulu eliyindilinga lihleli emgogodleni ngokuthe xaxa kunelabanye abameleli bohlobo lwezinkawu, futhi likwazi ukuguqula cishe i-360 °, ubuchopho obukhulu, futhi nokuzwa okuhle. Ama-Tarsiers ukuphela kwezihlobo ezaziwayo "ezixhumana" ku-ultrasound emsulwa. Bangezwa imisindo enama-frequency aze afike ku-90 kHz futhi amemeze amaza omjikelezo ongu-70 kHz. Ifomula yamazinyo: incisors 2/1, fangs 1/1, pre-radical 3/3, molar 3/3, 34 amazinyo esewonke.

Iminwe yinde kakhulu, ifakwe emaphethelweni ngama-thickenings, njengezinkomishi zokubamba ezivumela ukukhuphuka kwezihlahla, izindlebe ziyindilinga futhi azinalutho. Ijazi elithambile linombala onsundu noma onsundu. Kodwa-ke, ukunakwa okukhulu ekubukekeni kwangaphandle kwama-tarsiers kudonswa ngamehlo amakhulu anesilinganiso esifinyelela ku-16 mm, ebheke phambili kakhulu kunakwamanye ama-primates. Ngokukhula komuntu, iso le-tarsiers lilingana ne-apula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amehlo abo amakhulu aphuzi akhanya ebumnyameni. Umfundi omkhulu uyakwazi ukungenela inkontileka kakhulu.

Imisipha yobuso eyenziwe kahle ivumela isilwane ukuba sibabaze.

Ukuziphatha

I-Tarsiers isebenza ikakhulu ebusuku. Ahlala ezihlahleni emahlathini, acashe ezimila eziminyene phakathi nosuku. Bayakwazi ukugibela izihlahla ngobuciko kakhulu futhi bagxume kude nesihlahla nesihlahla. Ahamba emhlabathini, esebenzisa imilenze emide yezintambo agxuma aze afike ku-170 cm ubude aze afike ku-160 cm ukuphakama, aphonsa imilenze yawo yangemuva emuva, njengexoxo noma utshani. Basebenzisa umsila njengebhalansi.

Njengomthetho, ama-tarsiers anesizungu, ezilwaneni zasendle, abantu bangahlukaniswa ngamakhilomitha, futhi banomona kakhulu ngokuvikelwa kwendawo yabo. Ithuba elihle lokuhlangana nowesifazane nowesilisa lihanjiswa phakathi nenyanga egcwele ngoDisemba-Januwari, lapho benesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ezindalini ezidalwe ngokukhethekile, kepha ama-tarsiers ahlala emaqenjini amancane (afinyelela kwabangu-4).

Umsoco

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-tarsiers izinambuzane, ngaphezu kwabo badla ama-vertebrates amancane namaqanda ezinyoni. Ama-Tarsiers ukuphela kwezihlobo ezondla kuphela ukudla kwezilwane. Basebenzisa amakhono abo e-jumping ukuze babambe ongezansi. Usuku, ama-tarsiers angathatha ukudla, isisindo sawo esingama-10% esisindo sawo.

Ukuzala

Kukhona i-1 litre kwilitha. Ukukhulelwa kuma-tarsiers yinde impela (cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha), ithole lizalwa selikhule kahle, liboniwe, linesisindo somzimba esingu-24-30 amagremu. Okokuqala, unamathela esiswini sikamama noma esesithwele, athathe amazinyo akhe ngohlaka. Ngemuva kwamaviki ayisikhombisa, usuka kubisi ayokudla inyama. Ama-tarsiers asemancane afinyelela ebusheni eneminyaka eyi-11 izinyanga. Isikhathi sokuphila kwekhokhasi eyaziwa ukwedlula yonke yayiyiminyaka eyi-14 (ekudingisweni).

Izinhlobo zama-tarsiers nendawo yazo yokuhlala

Indawo yokuhlala kwama-tarsiers yi-Southeast Asia. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenhlobo, futhi okungenani ezintathu zazo, zitholakala endaweni eziqwini ezihlukile.

I-Philippine tarsier (siritha) ihlala e-Leyte, Samara, Bohol nase Mandanao. Kukhulunywa ngayo okokuqala ngekhulu le-XVIII. Izithunywa zevangeli ezingamaKatolika, zambiza ngokuthi "inkawu encane yeLuzon."

Kodwa-ke, usosayensi wemvelo uKarl Linney wanikeza lesi silwane igama elihlukile - "Inkawu kaSiritha." Igama manje "Tarsiers" wanikezwa yena kamuva.

Izinhlobo zama-tarsiers.

Abantu bendawo basabiza le monkey ngamagama abo ahlanganisiwe: "mago", "magatilok-iok", "maomag", njll.

ESumatra, eSerasan, eBhange naseKalimantan ungahlangana neBanana tarsier (Tarsiusbancanus).

Futhi iTarsiusspectrum, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi iTarsiers - Ghost, yahlala eBig Sangihi, eSulawesi, eSalayar nasePelenga.

Ukuvela kwama-tarsiers

Ubude bomzimba we-tarsus bubalelwa ku-12-15 cm. Unokukhulu, okungafani nenhloko yomzimba, isilwane esingajikeleza kalula ama-degree angama-360, namehlo ayindilinga ayisiyingi.

Ububanzi bamehlo bungafinyelela ku-16 mm. Uma ucabanga umuntu onezilinganiso ezifanayo njengama-tarsiers, khona-ke iso lakhe lizoba usayizi we-apula.

Enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zomzimba wale monkey umsila. Isiza isilwane ukulinganisa futhi sinamathele enkombeni oyifunayo. Umsila we-tarsier mude kune-torso yawo.

Lapho isilwane sithatha isikhundla esiqondile, imvamisa umsila uqala ukufeza indima yomhlanga, oncike kuwo.

I-Tarsier fur ayimbozi wonke umzimba wayo. Izingalo, umsila nesisu kuhlala kucishe kunginqunu. Esiqongweni somsila kuphela kukhona ibhulashi elincane.

Indlela yokuphila, umsoco kanye nokuzala kabusha

Ama-Tarsiers akhetha ukuhlala yedwa, noma ngababili. Ezimweni ezingandile kakhulu, ungahlangana neqembu lalezi zilwane, elinabantu abane.

Izinkawu ezincane ikakhulukazi ebusuku, zihlala zisezihlahleni. Kuzo ama-tarsiers asiza ukuhambisa kalula amabhulukwe emilenzeni, asebenza njenge sucker.

Futhi, lezi zilwane zimane nje ziyizimangaliso ezinhle kakhulu. Bangagxuma bafinyelele kumamitha ayi-1,6 ukuphakama, nangaphezulu kuka-1 m ubude Indlela yokugxumela ibuye isikhumbuze indlela yamasele.

Ukuqaphela inyamazane, i-tarsier kwenza gxuma ebukhali, futhi kuyifinyelele.

Ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwale monkey encane yakhiwa izinambuzane nezinyamazane ezincane. Ngenxa yama-tarsiers, kungenzeka ukugwema ukuhlaselwa yisikhonyane. Yize kunjalo, izinkumbi kungenye yezintandokazi zazo.

I-spike enkulu kunazo zonke ngokwesilinganiso sokuzalwa kwalezi zinkawu kwenzeka ngoNovemba - uFebhuwari. Kodwa-ke, akukho kubhekiswa okucacile kunoma iyiphi inyanga noma inkathi, futhi izinsana zingavela unyaka wonke.

I-tarsier yesifazane imvamisa inezimbambo ezi-2-3 zezingono. Kepha yena wondla izingane kuphela ukuncelisa ibele.

Tales of tarsiers

Ngenxa yokubukeka okungajwayelekile kanye namehlo akhanya ebumnyameni, izinkolelo eziningi zihlanganiswa ngalezi zilwane ezincane.

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi bayizilwane zasekhaya zemimoya yehlathi. Omunye ubabiza ngokuthi izidalwa ezi-ench noma ama-gnomes amabi.

Ama-Tarsiers ahlala ngamaqembu noma ngababili.

Kukholakala ukuthi ukuhlangana ne-tarsiers esendleleni kuyisimo esibi.

Ngenhlanhla, ngazo zonke izizathu ezingenhla, lezi zinkawu ezincane zesaba ukucasuka, futhi zivame ukudlula.

Isimo sezinto samanje

Kukhona ama-tarsiers ambalwa emhlabeni. Icala lokubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala kwalezi zilwane ngabantu.

Manje kwenziwa imizamo yokuyizalela endaweni eyakhiwe ngobuciko. Kuze kube manje abakaze balethe imiphumela efiselekayo, kodwa kunethemba lokuthi inani labantu lizokwazi ukugcinwa.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Bheka incazelo

Isilwane sincane kangangokuba silingana kalula entendeni yesandla sowesilisa osekhulile. Ukukhula kwabo kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-16 cm, ubude bubalelwa kusuka phezulu kwekhanda kuya emsileni. Kepha umsila mude kangangokuba kwesinye isikhathi udlula ukukhula okungenani amahlandla ama-2. Isisindo asidluli ku-130 - 160 gr. Njengoba kulindeleke, abesilisa banesisindo esingaphezulu.

Ama-tarsiers ane-paws ende kunalokho, kepha imilenze yangemuva mikhulu ukuze ikwenze kube lula ukusunduza bese indiza amamitha ambalwa. I-jumps yalezi zilwanyana ezincanyana inomusa futhi iyashesha. Yonke imilenze yawo ifakwe iminwe emide kakhulu - eyi-5 ngakunye, inezinhlaka ezibukhali. Emilenzeni kuneziqinamba ezisiza ukukhwela isihlahla futhi ziye phansi ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Ikhanda alilingani nomzimba, ngoba likhulu kakhulu. Okumangazayo: kuxhuma umgogodla ngokuqondile, futhi lokhu kuvumela isilwane ukuba sijikeleze ikhanda laso cishe ngamadigri angama-360. Ama-Tarsiers nawo angaba nezindlebe ezinkulu, kepha lokhu akuyona yonke inzuzo yawo. Ukuzwa kwalesi sibalo kubukhali kakhulu kangangokuba kungayibona imisindo ekuvama kwayo kungaphezu kwama-90 kHz. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ama-tarsiers anenani elibaluleke kakhulu lobuchopho, futhi ngenxa yalokho ikhanda likhulu kakhulu.

Amehlo e-tarsier mhlawumbe iyisici sayo esiyingqayizivele esiyingqayizivele, ngoba ngobukhulu obuncane kakhulu besilwane banobubanzi obungu-16 mm futhi bakhulu ngosayizi kunobuchopho bawo. Umbala wamehlo uphuzi. Abafundi bancane kakhulu, kepha ebumnyameni, lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzingela, baqala ukukhula futhi bakhanye, okuhlala kudala ukwesaba okungaqondakali kwabahlali bendawo. Kepha ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, umbono kulesi sici muhle kakhulu.

Umzimba wonke umbozwe ngoboya, okwenzeka ukuthi kube nsundu ngombala onsundu. Konke kuncike ezinhlotsheni okuvela kuzo le tarsier. Akukho boya ezindlebeni nasemsileni.

Indawo yokusabalalisa nendawo yokuhlala yaseTarsus

Kepha emuva kumngane wethu omusha. AmaTarsiers ahlala endaweni elinganiselwe yeMalay Archipelago kanye nasePhilippine Islands.

Lesi silwane esingajwayelekile sihlala kuphela endaweni eshisayo eshisayo, njengama-primates amaningi, sikhetha impilo yaso ihlathi, amahlathi ashisayo, izihlahlana, izihlahla zoqalo. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-tarsiers. Le yi-Philippine tarsier, tarsier - ghost ne-banana tarsier.

Ukuvela kwama-tarsiers

Ukuvela kwama-tarsiers akuyona into emangalisa kakhulu. Uma umubheka ngokungananazi ubona ngisho nezici zabalingiswa kumafilimu aqanjiwe esayensi.

Ubungako bemvelo businciphisile ngokucacile lesi silwane esingavamile. Kodwa-ke, wamvuza ngomusa ngamanye amakhono. Ngokuya ngamanani we-tarsiers, yi-lemur yegundane kuphela, ethathwa njengommeleli omncane kakhulu wezimfanelo, encintisana. Ama-tarsiers amaningi angena kalula entendeni yomuntu omdala.

Ubude bomzimba ngamanani we-tarsiers lisukela kumasentimitha ayi-10 ukuya kwayi-15. Kepha umsila mude ngokungajwayelekile futhi ungadlula ubude bomzimba izikhathi ezi-3! Ubude bomsila ongenazinwele ngokuphelele bufinyelela amasentimitha angama-26. Umzimba umbozwe ngejazi eliminyene eliluhlaza grey, brown, noma brown. Lokhu kufaka imibala kuvumela i-tarsier ukuthi ifihle kahle. Isisindo se-tarsiers asidluli kumagremu ayi-150. Ikhanda likhulu ngokungafani, linamehlo amakhulu.

Izindlebe zikhulu impela, zizungezwe ngesimo. Ukuzwa kukhule kahle kakhulu, okudingekayo ukuze kube nokuphila ebusuku nokuzingela. Umlomo weluleke njengokumamatheka. Imisipha yobuso ye-tarsier iselula ngokungajwayelekile. Kuyahlekisa ukumbona enza ubuso nobuso.

Amehlo ama-tarsiers makhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nosayizi ophelele walesi silwane esingajwayelekile. Ukubukeka kwalesi silwane esingajwayelekile kunikeza umbono wokuthi umangazwa okuthile.

Njengoba i-tarsier ihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku bodwa, amehlo ayo avumelana nendlela yokuphila enjalo. Umbono wakhe uthuthuke kakhulu, futhi amehlo akhe anamandla okukhanya ebusuku. Izitshudeni ezincane zingakhula ngokushesha zibe ngosayizi ongacabangeki ngokushintsha okubukhali kokukhanya.

Izinyawo zama-tarsiers zifanelwe ukunakwa ngokukhethekile. Imilenze yangaphambili imfushane, kodwa imilenze yangemuva yinde kakhulu futhi ithuthukile. Ubude bemilenze yangemuva bukhulu kakhulu kunobude bomzimba wama-tarsiers. Ama-paws anjalo ayadingeka ukuze lesi silwane esingajwayelekile sithole ukudla. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ama-tarsiers ahlala kuphela ezihlahleni, cishe akakaze ehle emhlabathini.

Futhi unyakazisa igxuma usuka egatsheni uye kwelinye, wenza kuzuba olude ngosizo lwemilenze yakhe yangasemva, njengamaxoxo. I-paw ngayinye inezinzwane ezi-5 ezinamajoyinti amakhulu, iselula kakhulu futhi inesibindi. Iminwe igcina ngohlobo lokuqina, okuvumela i-tarsier ukuthi ibambelele ngokuqinile kumagatsha neziqu zezihlahla. Izinyawo zemilenze yasasemuva ziphakeme esithendeni, okuyi-tarsier yazo futhi enegama lazo.

Izici ze-Tarsier

Sihlola ukubukeka kwalesi silwane esingajwayelekile, sishilo ngamehlo aso amakhulu ngokungajwayelekile. Lawa mehlo akhanya ebumnyameni, lapho abantu bendawo babiza lesi silwane esingajwayelekile "i-tarsier - ghost." Kuyemukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi amehlo we-tarsier maqondana nosayizi womzimba makhulu kunawo wonke izilwane emhlabeni.

Futhi la mehlo anesinye isici. Abanyakazi ngokuphelele.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze ubhekisise indawo ezungezile futhi uzitholele ukudla, ama-tarsiers ayaphoqeleka ukuba aphendule amakhanda kuzo zonke izinkomba.

Ngakho-ke, esinye isici sama-tarsiers.

Ikhanda lakhe liyakwazi ukuzungeza ama-degrees angama-180, okunikeza lesi silwane esingajwayelekile ngombono oyindilinga.

Isinambuzane esidliwayo sinesici esifanayo. mantis , funda kabanzi mayelana nalokho okungaba lapha. Lesi sici siyakwazi ukubamba uvalo kumvakashi ongathandeki, ozohlangana ne-tarsier yakhe endleleni. Okokuqala, kungenzeka endaweni eseduze kungalindelekile, ngokumane ngokugxuma okukhulu. Kepha bese kuba nomuzwa wokungabi ngokoqobo walokho okwenzekayo.

Ikhanda le-tarsier elihleli phezu kwegatsha, likubheke ngqo, liphenduka lijike kwelinye uhlangothi ngokuphazima kweso! Kubukeka sengathi ikhanda liphila impilo yalo uqobo, lihlukile emzimbeni. Izindlebe ezinkulu ze-tarsiers nazo ziphawulekile. Lesi silwane esingajwayelekile sinendlebe ebukhali kakhulu, ikuvumela ukuba uzwe ukunyakaza nemisindo yezinyamazane, kanye nengozi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlebe ngayinye ihamba ngokuzimela kwenye, iguqukele ezinhlangothini ezihlukile, ilalele okuzungezile.

Umbono ohlekisayo futhi ongjwayelekile.

Indlela Yokuphila Yama-Tarsier

I-Tarsiers - isilwane esingedwa. Ihlala endaweni enkudlwana, ekhomba futhi engavumeli muntu ukuthi wephule imingcele yayo. Ubukhulu bendawo ehlala owesilisa bufinyelela kumahektare ayi-6.5. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ama-tarsiers amaningana abesifazane, avumela ukuba abe lapho, ahlala ngokuthula endaweni efanayo. Kodwa-ke, zitholakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalela.

Tarsiers kuholela yokuphila ebusuku. Emini, uhlala emigodini yezihlahla, nasezihlahleni, esihlahleni soqalo, acashe ezitheni zemvelo, kuthi ebusuku aye ekuzingeleni.

Isiphetho

Ngama-tarsiers, abantu bendawo banezinkolelo eziningi. Isibonelo, ngokukhazimula kwabo emehlweni amnyama ama-tarsiers abizwa ngokuthi izipoki. Lesi silwane esingajwayelekile sithathwa njengesilwane semimoya yasehlathini. Futhi ama-tarsiers abizwa ngokuthi i-gnome yehlathi. Kukholakala ukuthi umhlangano nalesi silwane esingajwayelekile awupheli kahle.

Ngakho-ke, inani lendawo lizama ukugwema ama-tarsiers. Lokhu kungcono, ngoba i-tarsier isilwane esisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu. Inani labo lincane kakhulu, futhi ukuzala kuhamba kancane. Isizathu esikhulu sokwehla kwenani labantu base-tarsier kubhekwa njengokubhujiswa kwendawo yalesi silwane esingajwayelekile, ngokungangabazeki sifanelwe ukunakwa kakhulu.

Izigaba

• Mayelana nePhilippines
• Izifunda zePhilippines
• Ama-Visayas
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• Iqembu Luzon Island
  • . mayelana. ILuzon, Manila
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• I-Mindanao Island Group
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• izindaba
• Isiqondisi Sesayithi

I-tarsier yasePhilippines - Isilwane esincane esihlala eziqhingini eziningana engxenyeni engaseningizimu yesiqhingi sasePhilippine, siyisifo esiyingozi futhi siyizinhlobo ezisengozini yokubulawa kwezilwane.

Tarsiers uhlale eMhlabeni iminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-45, kungenye yezilwane ezindala kakhulu ePhilippines. Kwasukasukela ama-tarsiers zazisatshalaliswa kabanzi eYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika, kepha manje sezitholakala kuphela emakhoneni akude omhlaba.

Habitat

Ngokusekwe ocwaningweni, ososayensi bakwazi ukubona ukuthi lezi zilwane zihlala emhlabeni kule minyaka eyizigidi ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, uma ngaphambili izingxenye zase-Europe nase-Asiya, ezinye izindawo zaseNyakatho Melika zazingabhekwa njenge-meta yazo yomdabu, manje indawo yokuhlala isinciphile kakhulu, futhi ukuhlangana nalezi zilwane ezingajwayelekile, kufanele uye eziqhingini ezikude zePhilippine, eSumatra noma eBorneo. Kepha ngisho nalapho isibalo sezilwane siyancipha kancane kancane, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, abantu bangabizwa benecala kulokhu. Ngenxa yokuthanda inzuzo, ama-tarsiers abanjwa athengiswe, futhi futhi agawula amahlathi lapho lezi zilwane zisetshenziselwa ukuhlala khona.

Indawo abahlala kuyo iyingxenye emnyama kakhulu yehlathi, lapho kukhona khona isiqu esikhulu sezihlahla. Kulapha lapho impilo yonke yama-tarsiers igeleza, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu bangabonakala kuphela uma unenhlanhla enkulu. Baqikelela kakhulu, bayazi ukucasha ngokuphelele ngamahlamvu aminyene noma esihlahleni esingenalutho, ngaphezu kwalokho, baphila indlela yobusuku. Kulula ukukhasa esiqwini namagatsha, kodwa noma ngabe udinga ukucasha ngokushesha esitha noma ekubambeni isisulu, angagxuma cishe ngamamitha ayi-1.5, futhi nangaphezulu. Mhlawumbe kwezemidlalo wayenikeza noma yimuphi umsubathi amathuba okungafanele.

Izilwane zihamba esihlahleni ngokugxuma, kanti nomsila nawo ubamba iqhaza kulo msakazo, wenza imisebenzi yokulinganisa. Phansi emhlabathini, kuyaqabukela kwehle, zikhululekile kakhulu ukuba sezinhlahleni.

I-minisi tarsier ingamboza ibanga elingamamitha ayi-500 ngosuku, ivikele indawo yayo. Uma kuvela abaphathi bemingcele yayo, umnikazi waleyo ndawo umemezela ukungagculiseki ngale ndlela: ukhipha i-punak ecwenge kakhulu, bese kuba sobala kubavakashi abangamenyiwe ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuhamba. Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukuzwa le misindo, ngoba angabona imisindo engadluli kuma-20 kHz, kanti isilwane sikhipha amasignali womsindo imvamisa yama-70. Ukuxhumana okunokuthula phakathi kwabantu kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye.

Habitat

I-tarsier yasePhilippines uhlala eziqhingini eziningana zePhilippines: iBohol, Leyte, iSamara, iMindanao kanye neziqhingi ezithile ezincane.

Ithanda amahlathi ashisayo anotshani obukhulu - izihlahla, utshani obude, izihlahlana nehlumela leqalo. Ihlala kuphela emagatsheni ezihlahla, izihlahlana kanye noqalo, ngequbuliso yehlela emhlabathini.

Tarsiers - Izilwane ezihlala zodwa, kwesinye isikhathi zihlangane ndawonye ekuphambanweni kwempahla. Isimo somuntu oyedwa sihlanganisa amahektha ayi-6.45 wehlathi kwabesilisa kanye namahektha ayi-2.45 kwabesifazane, kwabantu ama-tarsiers ngalokho kwenza abesilisa abawu-16 nezinsikazi ezingama-41 kumahektha ayi-100. Tarsier ngosuku lunganqoba amakhilomitha afinyelela ku-1 nohhafu, bedlula indawo yalo.

Amagama

I-Dolgopyatov ibizwa kanjalo eyenzelwe ukuthuthuka ngokungakhethi ("ende", okungukuthi, ubude) izinyawo ezingemuva ("izithende"). Lokhu kuyahambisana negama lesi-Latin lesilwane - Tarsius (kusuka iTarsus — «iqakala»).

Okokuqala I-tarsier yasePhilippines kuchazwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVIII. Izithunywa zevangeli ezingamaKatolika futhi zaqanjwa Cercopithecus luzonis minimus (okungukuthi, "monkey omncane weLuzon"). I-classifier enhle Karl Linneyngokusobala bawuqonda umehluko ama-tarsiers kusuka enkombeni futhi waqamba kabusha isilwane ku Simia syrichta (“Sirichta monkey”), kungekudala tarsier aqanjwe ngegama elejwayelekile Tarsius syrichta ("Kuvinjelwe uSirichta"), leli gama ligodliwe kuze kube manje.

Ngokwegama layo lesayensi lesiLatini I-tarsier yasePhilippines kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi nje syrihta.

Igama lesiNgisi tarsier umane nje ukopisha isiLatini. Ezinguqulweni ezingezinhle zolimi lwesiRussia kusuka esiNgisini, igama lesilwane livame ukuvela ekuhumusheni: tarsier noma tarzier.

Izindawo ziyashayela ama-tarsiers ngezindlela ezihlukene: "mawmag", "mamag", "mago", "magau", "maomag", "malmag" futhi "magatilok-iok".

Kuyamangaza ukuthi izizwe zendabuko, ukuyibeka ngobumnene, ingacabangi ukuhlangana nayo maomagom efiseleka kakhulu, kungaletha usizi. Tarsiers zithathwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo zemimoya yasehlathini futhi noma yikuphi ukulimala, ngephutha noma ngamabomu ezilwaneni, kungalethela abantu ulaka lwabaninizi bamahlathi abanamandla.

Izihlobo

Njengoba kungabonakala kusuka esigabeni, okulandelayo kwesihlobo philippine tarsier itholakala kuphela phakathi ama-tarsiers.

Edume kakhulu ghost tarsier (i-tarsier yasempumalanga, I-Tarsius spectrum noma Tarsius tarsier), lokhu kungokwokuqala tarsierososayensi baseYurophu ahlangana nabo ukumhlonipha ama-tarsiersempeleni babizwa ama-tarsiers. Ghost Tarsiers mikhulu kunePhilippines, enezandla zombili zangemuva zokukhula (“ubude”, okungukuthi, “izithende”) futhi inomsila ophela ngebhulashi. Ghost Tarsiers kuhlala iziqhingi Sulawesi, Sangihi Omkhulu futhi Ukuthwala.

Futhi hlukanani ibhancani (entshonalanga) ama-tarsiers (ISumatra, isiKalimantan neziqhingi eziseduze).

Ngaphakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezintathu ama-tarsiers (AmaPhilippines, empumalanga nentshonalanga) abalobi abahlukene bangahlukanisa izinhlobo ezizimele. Kokunye ukuhlukaniswa, kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zama-tarsiers.

Ezokuphepha

Tarsiers ivikelwe yimithetho yamazwe omhlaba neyasekhaya, kusukela ngo-1986 le nhlobo inikezwe lesi simo “esengozini».

Phakathi kokunye, ukuthenga nokuthengisa kuvinjelwe ama-tarsiers. Izivakashi kudingeka zinake lokhu: izilwane zinhle impela, azinamahloni kanye nesifiso sokwenza ama-tarsiers njengesilwane kuyaqondakala. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola isilwane, wephula imithetho eqinile maqondana nokujeziswa futhi ubeke impilo yakho engozini ama-tarsiers: ukuyigcina isekhaya inzima kakhulu (thatha okungenani ukungaphazanyiswa kokunikezwa kwezinambuzane).

Enye induduzo ingaba ngamathoyizi athambile akhiqiza kabusha ama-tarsiers ngezinga lemvelo.

Izinyathelo ezenziwayo njengamanje zokugcina nokuvuselela indawo yemvelo. ama-tarsiers.

Ngo-1997, esiqhingini saseBotshwa eTagbilaran kwasungulwa IPhilippine Tarsier Foundation (I-Philippine Tarsier Foundation Inc., www.tarsierfoundation.org). Isisekelo sithole indawo engamahektare angama-7.4 eMnyangweni weCorella weSifundazwe saseBohol, lapho sasungulwa khona Isikhungo saseTarsier. Isikhungo ngemuva kocingo oluphezulu siqukethe cishe ikhulu ama-tarsiers, ukondla, ukukhiqiza kabusha kanye nokuboniswa kwezilwane kubavakashi kuyenziwa. Tarsiers bakhululekile ukushiya insimu yeSikhungo, abanye babo abayenza ebusuku, bathuthela uthango baya ehlathini elingumakhelwane, babuye ekuseni.

Umbuzo uyaphakanyiswa ngokutholwa kwamahektha angama-20 ongeziwe ukukhulisa indawo yokulondolozwa kanye nokuvinjwa okuqhubekayo kokufika kwezivakashi ezilwaneni.

Ngingawabona kuphi ama-tarsiers

Hlangana ama-tarsiers ezimweni zemvelo kunzima kakhulu: izilwane ezincane zihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku futhi azihlanganisi ngamaphakethe.

Kulula kakhulu ukuzibona zisekudingisweni noma ezikhungweni ezizalisayo ezikhethekile. Ukuvakashela lesi sikhungo kufakiwe ohlelweni olujwayelekile lokuvakasha ngokuhambela eMfuleni iLobok (I-Loboc) esiqhingini saseBohol.

Izindawo eziphakeme

I-Philippine tarsier kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa indawo encane kunazo zonke. Lokhu akulona iqiniso, izindondo ezincane kunazo zonke zingama-lemurs asogwini lwesiqhingi saseMadagascar.

Abuye ambize inkawu encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lesi sitatimende sisondele eqinisweni, uma sikukhumbula lokho ama-tarsiers kubalwa njengesihlokwana inkawu eyomile. Kepha kuhlale kunempikiswano, ngoba ama-tarsiers qhubeka nokubala ngasikhathi sinye izinkawungaphandle kokubheka njengo "izinkawu zangempela". Phakathi kwalezo “zangempela”, encane kunazo zonke ibhekwa njengenye yezimpawu zemidlwane - izinkawu ze-marmoset, ezinobukhulu bazo ziyaqhathaniswa, kepha zikhulu kancane kunalezo ama-tarsiers.

Basho njalo ama-tarsiersamehlo amakhulu maqondana nosayizi wekhanda nomzimba wazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo. Kunzima ukusho ngokuqinisekile, kepha lesi sitatimende sifana kakhulu neqiniso. Okungenani incwadi ye-Guinness Book of Record iqinisekile ngalokhu.

At ama-tarsiers imibungu ekhula kancane kunazo zonke phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha zidlula ngaphambi kokuzalwa futhi ngalesi sikhathi umbungu uthola isisindo esingama-23 amagremu kuphela! ().

Isisindo wamehlo ama-tarsiers isisindo sobuchopho esithe xaxa.

Izinkomba

Hlala usithinta

Natya Neretina
umqondisi wokuthengisa
tel.: +7 929 910-90-60

U-Ivan Shchennikov
umphathi wezokuvakasha
tel.: +7 926 384-99-44

Ungalondolozi kulokho ongeke wakuphinda.
T. Wheeler

Amanani ezitha zemvelo

Usongo olukhulu kubantu be-tarsier ukubhujiswa kwendawo yayo yokuphila. Bazingela nezilwane beyizifunela inyama.

Ama-Tarsiers wokuqamba, njengomthetho, awaphumeleli, futhi aphela ngokufa kwesilwane. UTarsier akakwazi ukujwayela ukudingiswa, uzama ukubaleka futhi uvame ukushaya ikhanda lakhe ekheji.

Ngingakwazi ukuthenga isilwane esihlekisayo?

Ngenxa yokubukeka okungafani nalokhu, iningi labaseTheshi basePhilippines bafuna ukulimaza. Kepha labo abathole ithuba lokuhlalisa lesi silwane esincane endlini yabo bangaqiniseka ukuthi ayihlukaniswa nezimo zokufakelwa, ngoba kwakungeyona into efuywayo, kodwa eyasendle.

Kubalulekile! Njengamanje, umthetho wamazwe omhlaba uvikela i-tarsier yePhilippine. Ukuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwezilwane ezinjalo kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele.

Kwenzeka ukuthi i-tarsier etshalwe ekhejini izame kanzima ukuze iphume lapho kangangokuba yaze yaphuka ikhanda nemigoqo. Ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo yemvelo yama-tarsiers yikhona okusongela kakhulu. Kukhona nabantu abazingela lezi zilwane ukuze bathole inyama yazo. Imizamo yokwenza ama-tarsiers angabambi ayiphumeleli futhi kungaholela ekufeni kwesilwane.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-tarsier

Ama-Half-monkey tarsier akhulumisana ngokwemvelo ngosizo lwe-ultrasound, engezwa yindlebe yomuntu. Uma ngokwezinombolo, bese kuba ngu-70 kHz, futhi umuntu uyakwazi ukuthwebula ama-20 kHz kuphela. Abantu bendawo baphila kamnandi ngemvuthuluka esezingeni eliphakeme, ngenxa yamahemuhemu nezinkolelo-ze, okuthiwa yinde kusukela okuthile okunamehlo amakhulu akhanyayo, badla izingane ezincane ebusuku.

Ososayensi, ngendlela, banamathela kumcabango wokuthi ama-Tarsiers avele ngaphambili kunesigamu senkawu futhi axhumano phakathi kwabo nezinkawu.

Ukwakheka komzimba kukhumbuza kakhulu umuntu, awekho amathambo aseziswini.

Ukuba neminwe emithathu lapho kufakwa khona izindwani ezibukhali, zisebenzise njengezinga. Impilo imfushane, i-tarsier ihlala iminyaka eyi-13 ekudingisweni. Ngoba ngaphansi kwezimo ezinqunyelwe, izingane ezinamehlo amakhulu zizalela ngokunqikanqika.

Kusukela ngo-1986, ama-tarsiers asePhilippines abhalwe ku-International Red Book njengokulindelela. EPhilippines, kudalwe indawo yokubhuka yemvelo, lapho kunemibandela yonke yokuhlala nokuzala kwalezi zidalwa ezincane.

Kunzima ukuhlangana nabo lapho, bahlala ezihlahleni, becashe emehlweni abo emathangeni aminyene woqalo. Yize bengasabi abantu futhi bangaxhumana. Uma unentshisekelo, singakunikeza ukuthi ufunde i-athikili ngomlogo waseSenegal. Ngendlela, abukeka afana kakhulu ngokubukeka.

Hunter Ngamehlo Amehlo

Ama-Tarsiers akhetha le ndlela yokuphila: ukulala phakathi nosuku, futhi nokuba ngumuntu ophapheme futhi okhuthele ebusuku. Amehlo akhazimulayo abasiza kakhulu kulokhu. Bathanda izibani ezisiza ukuthola isisulu, okuyisikhathi sokudla.

Njengoba isilwane singakuboni noma yikuphi ukudla kwezitshalo, kungokwasemndenini wezilwane ezizingelayo, kanti futhi umzingeli lochwepheshe kakhulu, unobuhlakani futhi usabela ngokushesha. Ezinye izinkawu, ngaphezu kokudla kwezilwane, nazo zidla into yezitshalo.

Okokuqala, ama-tarsiers wokuzingela ebusuku, okokuqala, umqamekeli ohlelekile. Isilwane sithatha isimo sokulinda sibone, sikhululeke futhi sicashe ngesineke. Lapho isisulu siqhamuka, asiphuthumi ukumbamba. Kuphela uma kunebanga le-gxuma elilodwa, igxuma i-tarsier, lenze ukuphonsa okunamandla, futhi incike inqwaba yayo phezulu manjalo, igxume ngokushesha futhi idle isidlo sasemini sayo.

Isisekelo sokondla lolu hlobo lwama-primates izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene kanye nabameleli abancane kakhulu bezidleke zamehlo. Lezi zivame kakhulu izimbungulu nezinhlanga, ezilahlekelwa amakhanda ngokushesha ngenxa yamazinyo abukhali wesilwane. Isisulu esibanjwe ekuzingeleni yi-tarsier futhi sibambelela ngokuqinile emasondweni ayishumi. Ukuze athole okwanele, udinga ukudla cishe amaphesenti ayishumi ngosuku. kwesisindo sakho. Isitsha esimnandi kakhulu kuye kuhlala isikhonyane, kepha futhi nezinyoni ezincane nezibungu zezihlahla kungahle kube isidlo sasemini.

Kepha lezi zilwane ziba yizinto zokuzingela izinyoni eziningi ezidla inyama, okokuqala, isitha esibi kakhulu siwumndeni wezikhova.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kohlobo

AbakwaTarsiers bakhetha ukuhlala bodwa, benamasimu abo amancane abekelwe wona. Kwabesifazane, le ndawo inqunywa kumahektha ayi-2, abesilisa badinga kaninginingi. Kepha ukuqala kukaDisemba kuvame ukufakwa uphawu olukhulu lomsebenzi, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi umjaho uqala kulezi zilwane, ukwehla kwawo okuphawulwe ukuphela kukaJanuwari.

Abesilisa abaqinile, futhi ngalesi sikhathi bayakwazi ukuthola omakoti abaningana bokuzalela. Kepha njengoba insikazi eyodwa ingazala ikonyana elilodwa kuphela, ukuqhubeka nenani labantu lokhu kungukukhetha okungcono kakhulu.

Ukuzala kwesibeletho kuthatha izinyanga ezi-6. Umama akafihli izindawo zokuzalwa nokunakekelwa kwewundlu, ngoba uyohlala enaye njalo. Owesilisa akabambi iqhaza ekukhuliseni izingane zakhe.

Ingane isivele yazalwa i-savvy. Ushaya kancane ngesineke amanina esiswini sakhe, futhi manje uzomphelezela ngokungafani naye yonke indawo. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingaphezu kwama-30 amagremu. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, bondla ubisi lwebele kuphela. Ngemuva kwalokho kwembulwa imvelo yokuhlanya, futhi umntwana omnandi, onothando uqala ukondla, njengonina.

Ososayensi bakwazile ukubona ukuthi isilinganiso sokuphila okujwayelekile kwalesi silwane yiminyaka eyi-10 - 13. Njengoba lolu hlobo lilingana nokunyamalala, abalondolozi bezemvelo bakhala ngokuzwakalayo ngalokhu, futhi abaphathi basePhilippines bazama ukudala izimo ezihamba kahle kakhulu zalezi zilwane. Kukhona nesikhungo esikhethekile esikhethekile esilondolozela lezi zilimi. Zonke izimo ezivumayo zokuphila nokuzala kwemindeni yazo kudalwe lapha.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zilwane azizivumeli izikhala ezivalekile, futhi ekuthunjweni zifa ngokushesha okukhulu. Bangaki abantu abazame ukuguqula ama-tarsiers, bahlinzeka ngezitsha ezimnandi kakhulu, bahlela izindawo ezithokomele izimpilo zabo - akukho okusebenzayo, ngakho lezi zilwane zithanda inkululeko, izikhala ezivulekile.