I-Alpaca (lat.Vicugna pacos , umndeni wama-camelids) isilwane esidlalwa esidlekeniya esidotshwe ngabantu eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-6,000 edlule. Ngokungafani nama-llamas, abesebenzisa izizwe zasendulo zamaNdiya njengezilwane eziphethe iphakethe, i-alpacas yayisetshenziswa njengomthombo woboya obalulekile noboya ekwenzeni izingubo ezifudumele nezicathulo.

Amadlozi ama-alpacas ayizilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-artiodactyl zesilwane esiseduze nesilwane. (lat.Vicugna vicugna ), evamile e-Andes, ePeru, eBolivia, e-Ecuador, eChile. Ngobukhulu, bancane kakhulu kune-guanacos (izilwane ezaba ngabakhi bama-llamas), kepha zifana kakhulu nazo.

Isici esibonakalayo se-vicunias, esidalwa kuphela kulolu hlobo, i-pair of incisors ephansi, esivame ukukhula ngokuqhubekayo (njengama-rodents) kuyo yonke impilo yezilwane. Imihlambi yasendle ye-vicunias ihlala kumathafa aphezulu atholwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4500 - 5500. Izinwele zethenda nezinwele kusiza izilwane ukuba ziphile ezintabeni eziphakeme, lapho kunokushintshana okushisa okuhlukile.

Uma isisindo esivamile se-vicunias singama-50 kg, khona-ke esizalweni sabo, i-alpacas, ifinyelela ku-70 kg. Ukukhula kwe-Alpaca akuvamile ukwedlula imitha eyodwa. Izilwane azilungele izinto zokuhamba, kepha ikhwalithi yazo ibonwa njengokuhamba phambili emhlabeni ngekhwalithi yazo. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezingaphansi kwe-alpacas: iSuri (lat. Suri) noWakaya (lat. Huacaya), ehluka ngobude nobungako bejazi. ISuri ibonakala kalula yizikhiye ezinde, ezinobovu zoboya bayo obulengiswe emhlabathini. Uboya beWakaya abude kangako, bufana ne-plush ethambile kakhulu futhi ethambile. Okunyaka, isilwane esisodwa sikhiqiza kusuka kuma-3 kuye ku-6 kg woboya obuluhlaza, lapho ingatholakala i-1 kuye ku-3 kg yentambo ebalulekile.

Ama-Alpacas abalwa phakathi kwama-long-livers - ubude bawo bokuphila buyi-20 - 25 iminyaka, isikhathi sokukhiqiza sithatha iminyaka eyi-14. Isibalo sama-alpacas asendaweni yaso yemvelo namuhla cishe asizigidi ezi-3.5. Izilwane zidla ezitshalweni ezine-herbaceous, ukhula, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela ezitshalo ezisetshenziswa ezikhungweni zemifino, emapulazini, emifino, izithelo nakwezokumbiwa emaminithini kufakwa ekudleni kwazo, okuthinta kahle ikhwalithi ye-rune. I-Alpacas inesidingo esiphansi kakhulu sokudla kunezinye izilwane zasepulazini: indawo edingekayo yamahektha ayi-1 iyadingeka ukuba idle izilwane ezingama-25. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga njalo amanzi amasha. Isici sokuphila kwalezi zilwane ukungabi bikho kwezihlokwana ezingenhla, lapho zidabula khona iziqu ngezindebe zazo.

I-Alpacas iphila impilo yansuku zonke. Kusihlwa, bamatasa bahlafuna ukudla. Njengoba izilwane zijwayele ukuba khona kwemhlambi endle, zivame ukugcina ngamaqembu amancane aqukethe izinsikazi eziningana ezinamathole nomholi oyedwa. Ama-alpacas abesifazane aphatha izingane isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-11. Imvamisa kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa (amawele kwenzeka kanye nge-1000 yokuzalwa), isisindo sakhona singeqi i-1 kg.

Okubaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho uboya be-alpaca. Ihlukaniswa ngokuhlanzeka, i-fiber elincanyana nokuqina. Umbala wemvelo woboya uyahluka kusuka kumhlophe, ukhilimu, i-beige kuya nsundu nokumnyama, futhi unemithunzi engama-52 (ngokuya ngesigaba sePeru).

Uboya be-Alpaca bamelana kakhulu nesimo sezulu, ngakho-ke buyakwazi ukungangcoliswa isikhathi eside. Ayiqukethe i-lanolin, inokukhanya, amandla, ukufudumeza okuphezulu kanye nokuphindisela kwamanzi, izakhiwo ze-hypoallergenic. Uboya be-Alpaca busetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zezindwangu zasendlini ezingasindi, i-fiber ethambile futhi zinomphumela omuhle wokufudumala (izingubo, izindwangu, amachopho, imibhede, izindwangu, indwangu nezingubo.

Ngaphezu kovolo, isikhumba noboya balezi zilwane kutuswa kakhulu. Ukuqondakala okuhle kakhulu kwenyama ye-alpaca nakho akubonwa. Lo mkhiqizo uqashelwe ngabasebenza ngokudla okunempilo kanye nochwepheshe be-Culinary njengento emnandi kakhulu, enempilo futhi edliwayo. I-100 g yenyama ye-alpaca iqukethe ama-23 g amaprotheni kanye nenani elincane lamafutha. Isilwane esisodwa esidala sinika ama-23 kg enyama, ingxenye yaso ihloselwe ukulungiswa amasoseji, izando, amasoseji.

Ama-alpacas ajwayele ukusetshenziswa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Bahlukaniswa nokuzola, ubungani, ubuhlakani kanye nokukhononda. Bangabamba iqhaza emidlalweni enezingane ezikhubazekile, bagqamise isizungu kubantu asebekhulile, futhi basebenze njengezindlela zokwelapha abaphethwe yizinkinga zokuxineka.

I-Alpaca Incazelo

Le camelidae ye-humpback yavela ngenxa yokuzalaniswa, eklanyelwe ukukhipha ukubukeka okuvinjelwe ngoboya obuningi bekhwalithi ephezulu. IVicugna pacos (alpaca) ihlukaniswa njengesilwane esanyisayo esinezimpondo sokwehla kweVicugna vicugna (vicuna noma i-vigon). IVicuna uqobo lwayo ingelesizinda sama-callopod aqhamuka emndenini weCamelidae (amakamela).

Ukubukeka

Izilwane kuthiwa zithathelwa phezulu ngenxa ye-corpus callosum, uzibuyisela ngonyawo nenselo. Imilenze yawo enezimpiko ezimbili ifakwe uzipho olugobile, ngenxa yokuthi ama-alpacas aphoqeleka ukuba ahambe, ancike emalangeni eminwe. Ngenxa yalesi sici, wonke ama-callosities awanyatheli amadlelo, njengezimvu noma izimbuzi. I-Alpaca ine-lip ephansi eyindilinga eyindilinga, ayinazinyo emhlathini ongenhla, kanye nezinto eziqinile (ezikhula kuyo yonke impilo) kwangaphansi. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamazinyo aphezulu, izilwane zihlwitha uhlaza ngezindebe zazo bese zihlafuna ngosizo lwamazinyo asemuva kwazo.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-Alpaca neLlama

Bobabili bangabomndeni wamakamela, kepha i-alpaca ibhekwa njengeyisizukulwane esiqondile sohlobo lweVicuna, kanti i-llama iyinzalo yezinhlobo zaseGuanaco. I-Alpaca, ekhula kusuka kumitha, imvamisa imikhulu khudlwana kunewundlu, kepha icishe ibe yingxenye yesayizi yellama. I-alpaca yabantu abadala inesisindo esingu-45-80 kg, ne-llama yabantu abadala - ukusuka ku-90 kuye ku-160 kg. Ziphinde zihlukaniswe ukucushwa kwe-muzzle: ku-llama kukhulunywa ngaphezulu, ku-alpaca - isicaba. Cishe akunazinwele ebusweni nasekhanda le-llama, kanti i-alpaca inezihlakala ezinde ezimboze amehlo zimboze amehlo ayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlebe ezigogekile zifana nokugquma kwebhanana ekhanda le-llama. Ama-Alpacas anama-auricles amancane futhi abukeka njengonxantathu.

Ngaphakathi, uboya be-llama coarse buhlanganiswa kabili yi-undercoat engekho egqoke ingubo ethambile ye-alpaca. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka koboya bayo ku-denser, okukuvumela ukuthi usike kaningi ngaphezulu ngendawo encane yokucubungula. Umehluko uyabonakala ezinhlamvwini. Ama-alpacas anobungane awavunyelwe ukukhahlela, ukuluma futhi ukhafule ngaphandle kwesizathu, njengoba kwenza ama-llamas. Abasekeli kwesinye isikhathi bayasuka eqenjini, kuyilapho i-alpacas ithanda ukuhlala emhlanjini.

Kuyathakazelisa! Zombili lezi zinhlobo ziyahlangana, zikhiqiza i-huarizo (oariso). I-hybrid iyalalela futhi kulula ukuyiphatha, yize ingenayo i-hardy back ye-llama nezinwele ezimangazayo ze-alpaca, ngaphandle kwalokho, ayikwazi ukuzala.

Futhi owokugcina. Ama-Alpacas athathwa njengabakhiqizi abaphambili boboya obuhlukile, yingakho engasetshenziswa njengezilwane zepakethe (ngokungafani nama-llamas). Kuthiwa ama-lamas aphathiswe ngisho nemisebenzi yemelusi ukuze anakekele i-alpaca.

Ufuna ukwazi konke

I-Alpaca, noma i-llama, isilwane somndeni wamakamela. Kuboya be-alpaca, izimfanelo ezibonakalayo kithi encazelweni "yezinwele zekamela" zisebenza kakhulu.

Emakethe yezingubo zoboya, intambo ye-alpaca ibhekwa njengenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi evame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthunga izintambo zezingubo ezifudumele, ezindaweni zazo zivame ukufana nezimvu, kepha ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Izingubo zoboya ezenziwe ngoboya be-alpaca akuzona nje kuphela izingubo ezifudumele, okokuqala, uphawu lwekhwalithi, kanye nokugcizelela ukunambitheka okumnandi nesitayela. Abaqambi bezemfashini, banezela uboya balesi silwane esimangalisayo emisebenzini yabo, benza izingubo zoboya zibukeke kakhulu, zimnandi ekuthinteni, ikakhulukazi ezifudumele futhi ezinzile ngesikhathi sokugqoka okude, okuhlanganisa ukukhanya nokusebenziseka, ukubukeka okuhle nokuqina okumangalisayo.

Uboya be-Alpaca bubalulekile. Futhi-ke, futhi futhi ngenxa yezici zayo (uboya bukhonkotha kakhulu), akuvamile ukusetshenziswa ngendlela yabo emsulwa. Izinzuzo zoboya be-alpaca zivezwa kakhulu ezintanjeni ezihlanganisiwe. Izingxube ngoboya obujwayelekile noma be-merino, ezinemicu yokufakelwa (ngokwesibonelo, nge-acrylic) zisetshenziswa kabanzi. Inzuzo enkulu yemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngoboya be-alpaca ukuthi ama-spool awakhekanga phezu kwabo - imicu emide ivimbela ukuqina.

Kubaluleke kakhulu, okokuqala, ngoboya bayo (izithunzi ezingama-24 zemvelo), enazo zonke izakhiwo zemvu, kodwa ilula kakhulu ngesisindo. Ama-5 kg ​​woya ayamiswa kumuntu oyedwa, ayemiswa kanye ngonyaka. Imicu ye-Alpaca iqonde kakhulu kuneleya yezimvu, engenamakhaza futhi inothile kakhulu futhi inosilika nge-sheen enhle. Izici ezifanayo azitholakali kunoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo loboya.

Uboya be-Alpaca buqina kathathu futhi bufudumele obuphindwe kasikhombisa kunoboya bezimvu. Ukuphila phezulu ezintabeni, lapho umehluko wokushisa ufinyelela khona ama-degree angama-30 ubusuku nemini, i-alpaca ine-fur efudumele kunezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.

Izinganekwane zasendulo, izinganekwane ezimangazayo, izinganekwane ezihlekisayo nengcebo engafinyeleleki, ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ephakeme yezindawo eziphakeme, ezinemibala egqamile futhi ngasikhathi sinye amasango asabekayo, kanye namathanga angenakufinyeleleka - konke lokhu iPeru, enye yezindawo eziyintandokazi ze-Alpaca.

Isikimu sombala soboya be-alpaca sibanzi impela, imithunzi engaba ngu-20 ingahlukaniswa - ukusuka kokumhlophe okumsulwa, ngokwesiko i-beige noma isiliva - kuya nsundu futhi kube mnyama. Ukugqama koboya be-alpaca ukuthi ngeke kusetshenziswe ngesikhathi se-naphthalene, ngakho-ke, kuphela imikhiqizo yemvelo efana ne-lavender, ugwayi kanye nomsedari esetshenziswa njengezithelo zayo.

Kuqala, ama-alpacas abelwa ngephutha kuhlobo lwama-llamas, kepha ngonyaka ka-2001 usomatekisi walezi zinhlobo washintsha wasuswa eLama pacos waluyisa eVicugna pacos, bathola ukuthi okhokho bama-alpacas bangama-vicunas, hhayi ama-guanacos, okhokho bawo wonke ama-llamas asezindlini. Ubunzima ekutholeni ngokunembile uhlobo lolohlobo ukuthi wonke amalungu amane omndeni wamakamela atholakala eNingizimu Melika angakhiqiza inzalo ecaleni kweziphambano ze-interspecific, ukuze ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kuphela kunganikeza impendulo enembile ngemvelaphi ye-alpacas.

I-Llamas ne-alpacas, lapho inqamula, ikhiqiza inzalo - imizwa - engakwazi ukuzala, kodwa inomlingisi omnene kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho ilungele indima yezilwane ezifuywayo.

Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-Alpaca: uSuri (Suri) noHuacaya (Wakaya). Izilwane ziyahlukahluka ngokubonakala koboya bazo.

Uboya be-Alpaca, imvamisa ngombala wemvelo, kanye nephalethi lapha kungahluka. Isilwane uqobo "sishaya" ithoni efanele. Kungaba mnyama, nazo zonke izithunzi ezinsundu, ezimpunga ngisho zesiliva, kepha intambo emhlophe yaziswa kakhulu. Ukuze ukhule ama-albino, iPeruvia kufanele ikhukhule kakhulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kufanele uhlele ngesandla ngokusebenzisa imicu, ususe umbala wejazi elihlukile.

Abasendaweni bayayithanda yonke i-gamut yoboya be-alpaca, futhi abaseYurophu bayisebenzisa cishe kuyo yonke imfashini emisha.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-alpaca encane, uboya buhle futhi bulula, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa imicu yezilwane ezisencane yezingubo zohlobo olufudumele, kanti intambo ehlanganayo ilungele amakhaphethi.

Uboya be-Alpaca ingxube yemvelo evela ku-alpaca. Kungahle kube lula noma kube nzima, kuye ngokuthi iphenduka kanjani. Ithambile imvelo, iqinile, inethezekile futhi iyisitha ngemvelo. Ngokungafani noboya obufana nobabo, le fiber ifudumele, ayinamathe nolimi futhi ayinayo i-lanolin, okuyenza i-hypoallergenic. I-Alpaca inezindawo zemvelo ezingasebenzisi amanzi. Uboya be-Huacaya alpaca, obukhula bungqimba obuthambile be-spongy, bunama-curls wemvelo, elenza libe yindali ngentambo ye-elastic yemvelo, elungele ukugoba. Uboya be-Suri alpaca bunama-curls amancane kakhulu futhi ngakho-ke kufaneleka kahle izinto ezilukiwe, kodwa futhi nokunethezeka okumangazayo. Umklami uGiorgio Armani wasebenzisa uboya be-alpaca suri ezimfashinini zabesilisa nabesifazane.

Imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yenziwa ngoboya be-alpaca, kusukela ezingubeni ezilula kakhulu futhi ezingabizi ezenziwe emiphakathini yendabuko kuya kwimikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi, yezimboni neyabizayo efana nezingubo. E-United States, amaqembu abalimi abancane be-alpaca ahlanganyele ndawonye ukudala i- “Fibre Cooperatives” ukwenza imikhiqizo ye-alpaca fiber ishibhile.

Ngokwesakhiwo sayo somzimba, i-alpaca fiber icishe ifane nezinwele, ibushelelezi kakhulu. Uboya be-Alpaca bufana nefungi yoboya be-merino, kepha intambo ye-alpaca ngokuvamile inamandla kunezintambo zoboya. Imbobo yesithende ebonakala ethangeni elinoboya noma ezinhlangothini zojuluka ngoboya ngeke ivele engutsheni efanayo ye-alpaca. Lapho kusonta imicu ndawonye, ​​amandla akhuphuka kaninginingi. Ukusonteka ngokucophelela kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi i-suri alpaca, ngoba imicu yayo ilukhuni ngokwedlulele, kepha lokhu kunganciphisa ukuthamba kwentambo.

I-Alpaca inejazi elincanyana kakhulu nelilula. Ayigcini amanzi, ifudumele noma imanzi futhi ikwazi ukumelana nemisebe yelanga ngokuphumelelayo. Lezi zici ziqinisekisa isilwane ijazi elihlala likhona futhi lilungele noma isiphi isimo sezulu ukulwa nezinguquko ezisheshayo zokushisa. Le fiber inikela ngokuvikelwa okufanayo kubantu.

I-Alpaca fiber iqukethe nama-airbags we-microscopic enza ukuthi kukhiqizwe izindwangu ezikhanyayo, kanye nezinhlobo zezingubo. Amaseli enkabeni ephakathi yefayibha angathola inkontileka noma anyamalale, akha amaphakethe omoya akhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa. Uboya buhlukahluka kusuka ku-alpaca kuya ku-alpaca, kanti eminye ingaba nemicu eminingi ye-myelinated (fluffy) uma iqhathaniswa noboya futhi i-mohair. Lokhu kungaba ikhwalithi engathandeki. Imicu ye-Myelinated ingathatha upende omncane, igqoke izingubo eziphelelisiwe, ibe buthakathaka.

Ifayibha ye-alpaca enhle kufanele ibe ngama-micrometer ayi-18 kuye kwangama-25. Izintandokazi zinikezwa uboya be-alpaca obukhulu obuncane, futhi ngenxa yalokho kuyabiza kakhulu. Ububanzi be-fiber bukhula kanye nobudala kuma-alpacas, ububanzi be-fiber bukhuphuka kusuka ku-1 μm no-5 μm ngonyaka. Isizathu salokhu wukudla ngokweqile isilwane, futhi uma udonsa izakhi zomzimba eziningi, lesi silwane asinamafutha, futhi umucu uba mkhulu. Noma yiluphi uboya be-alpaca obudlula ama-micrometer angama-34 luhlukaniswa njengoboya be-llama.

Njengazo zonke izilwane ezibalulekile ngokuya ngoboya, ikhwalithi yefayibha iyahlukahluka kusuka ezilwaneni kuya ezilwaneni, futhi izinwele zezinye i-alpacas azilungile neze. Ikhwalithi yefibheli nokukhuthazela kuyizinto ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni inani le-alpacas.

I-Alpacas iza ngemibala ehlukene ukusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya komnyama, omnyama-onsundu, omnyama, onsundu, osiliva okumpunga kuya komhlophe, opinki noyimpunga. Kodwa-ke, ukunqoba okumhlophe, isizathu salokhu kukhethwa: Imicu emhlophe ingadaywa ngokobubanzi bemibala. ENingizimu Melika, kuyathandwa imhlophe, ngoba imvamisa inejazi elingcono kunezilwane ezinombala omnyama. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imibala emnyama ibingathandwa ngabakhiqizi. Namuhla, abafuyi abasebenza ngokuzikhandla basebenza kanzima ngokuzalanisa izilwane ngensimbi emnyama, futhi bathuthuke kakhulu eminyakeni engama-5-7 edlule.

Izinqubo zokulungiselela, ukuhlanganisa, ukuphotha, nokuqedela umsebenzi ngoboya be-alpaca ziyefana kakhulu nenqubo esetshenziselwa ukucubungula uboya bezimvu.

I-Alpacas iye yakhiwa eNingizimu Melika iminyaka yeminyaka. AmaVicuñas (njengoba abizwa kanjalo lapho) aqala ukunqotshwa futhi afuywa yizizwe zasendulo zase-Andean ePeru, e-Argentina, eChile naseBolivia. I-Alpacas iphinde yathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eminyakeni yamuva.Emazweni afana ne-USA, Australia neNew Zealand, abafuyi bezinkomo basika izilwane zabo minyaka yonke, bekala uboya futhi babheke ukuthi buhle kangakanani. Ngenxa yolwazi olutholakele, ziyakwazi ukuzala izilwane ngemicu esindayo nangocolekile. Isisindo se-nastriga siyahlukahluka kusuka ku-alpaca ngayinye, kungenzeka ukusika ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka kowesilisa kuze kufike ku-7 kg woboya, o-3 kg wabo ongu-fiber omuhle kakhulu.

Eminyakeni yamuva, isithakazelo sezingubo ze-alpaca fiber sikhuphukile, futhi mhlawumbe ngokwengxenye ngoba ukuzalaniswa kwe-alpaca kunomthelela ophansi kwezemvelo. Abathandi bezemidlalo bayabona ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-alpaca ilula futhi ifudumele, ikhululeka kakhudlwana esimweni sezulu esibandayo, ngakho abenzi bezingubo nezingubo zangaphandle manje sebeqala ukuthenga eminye imikhiqizo ye-alpaca. Ukusetshenziswa kwengxube ye-alpaca noboya be-merino kuyinto ejwayelekile embonini ye-fiber ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukucutshungulwa kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.

NgoDisemba 2006, uMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wenhlangano Yezizwe wamemezela unyaka we-2009 unyaka Wezimali zemvelo Fibers ukuze kwandiswe ukubaluleka kwe-alpaca neminye imicu yemvelo.

Wool

I-Alpaca inoboya obude obuthambile obulengiswe ezinhlangothini ngo-15 - 20 cm, ozozwakala, indwangu noma intambo. Izilwane zigawulwa ngendlela efanayo nezimvu, kepha ziba noboya obuphindwe amahlandla ama-3 futhi ezifudumele amahlandla ayi-7 kunezimvu. Iphalethi lemibala lifaka phakathi kwama-52 (!) Ama-shades wemvelo, athandwa kakhulu (kodwa hhayi angavamile) phakathi kwawo aqashelwa njengamhlophe, njengoba kulula ukumelana.

Uboya be-albino bufunwa kakhulu futhi kuthengiswa okubiza kakhulu, yingakho i-alpacas emhlophe ekuzaleni inenzuzo enkulu. U-Sheared obunjiwe kusuka ezilwaneni ezisencane ubaluleke ngokukhethekile, ngaphandle kwethamo elincane (kufika ku-1 kg ngeminyaka emi-2). Ngokubheka, i-alpaca yabantu abadala inika cishe ama-5 kg.

Izici zoboya be-alpaca:

• ayiqukethe i-lanolin (amafutha asekhona kuboya bezimvu),
• I-hypoallergenic (izimbuzane zothuli aziqali kuyo),
• izinwele zithambile futhi azikhanyi njengezimvu,
• ukumelana nokungcoliswa kwangaphandle,
• ukukhanya kakhulu
• kuxosha umswakama kahle.

Zonke lezi zimfanelo ngokuhlangana ziguqula uboya be-alpaca zibe ngumkhiqizo obalulekile, osuselwa kuye okusebenzayo, kukhanya, kuhlanzekile, kunethezekile futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside.

Kubalulekile! Amakhaphethi, izimbumbulu kanye nezimbotshana ezakhiwe ngoboya be-alpaca azilahli ubumsulwa bazo be-pristine isikhathi eside. Izingubo ezifakiwe nezendwangu enelebuli ethi "Alpaca" aziqedi, musa ukugoqa, zifudumele lapho kubanda futhi zipholile ekushiseni.

Akumangazi ukuthi abantu baya ngokuya bethenga imikhiqizo, benganaki izindleko zabo eziphakeme.

Impilo endalweni

Ama-Alpacas ahlukaniswe ngemihlambi emincane, evame ukwenziwa owesilisa nowesifazane abane-4-10. Umndeni unesikhundla esinzima ngokwenqatshwa kwabesilisa abangaphandle kanye nomzabalazo wangaphakathi wamazinga. Izilwane ziphaphama phakathi nosuku futhi ziphumula ebusuku: ngalesi sikhathi zigaya ngokuqinile ukudla okudliwayo phakathi nosuku. Ukuxhumana nezihlobo ze-alpaca, kusetshenziswa ulimi lomzimba, kufaka phakathi ukubeka izindlebe, ukuguqula intamo nesikhundla somzimba.

Amalungu omhlambi anokubekezela komunye nomunye futhi akufani ukuthi athukuthele. Njengomthetho, babaleka engozini. Naphezu kokujwayela izintaba, ama-alpacas (ngokungafani nezimbuzi zasezintabeni) angadla kuphela ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinendawo enkulu. Ukusinda ezimweni ezinzima zelezindawo eziphakeme (ngokushisa okungama-30 degrees) kunikezwa yizici eziphawuleka ngoboya, kanye nokwakheka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Njengamanye ama-callosus, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi le-alpaca awazungezi, kepha awoli, ngakho-ke maningi awo. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okwandayo kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, izilwane ziphefumula kalula ngisho nomoya omncane.

U-Alpaca nomuntu

Ekuthunjweni, ama-alpacas ashesha ukujwayela abantu, abonisa izici zabo ezinhle - ilukuluku, ukuthula, amahloni kanye ne-charm. Ngokwezinhlamvu, zifana kakhulu namakati, njengoba zisondela kumuntu ngokuya ngesifiso sabo. Njengawo wonke amakamela, ama-alpacas akhafulela ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha akwenza kaningi kunama-llamas, futhi ngokuvamile, uma kunesidingo, azikhulule ku-acid engathandeki yesisu.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-spits abhekiswa ikakhulukazi kubazalwane emhlambini futhi akuvamile kakhulu kubantu abangenabubele. Abesifazane abasezikhundleni ezihehayo “badubula” ngamathe ngamadoda avuzayo angenayo kuwo.

Ngokuvamile, ama-alpacas ayizidalwa ezihlakaniphile nezihlanzekile ezibhekana nesidingo sezindlu zangasese zomphakathi (ezihlinzekelwe emapulazini). Izilwane zithanda amanzi, lapho zivame ukuhlehlana, ukugeza noma ukumanga nje. Ngezikhathi ezithile zenza imisindo ehlekisayo ebukeka njengezimvu ezithulayo ziyaqhuma. Ukuphunyuka kwe-alpaca kwakhombisa ingozi yama-Incas, okwaba ngemuva kwayo lapho kudingekile ukuthi kuxoshe ukuhlaselwa komhlaseli noma ukujoyina i-artiodactyl. Kulezi zinsuku, ama-alpacas ahlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ezinhlelweni zokwelapha isilwane noma isilwane, zithinta izingane nabantu abadala ngokuzuzayo.

Ngabe i-alpacas ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ngokusho kweminye imibiko, izilwane ezihlanjelwe umbandela kuphela, ezihlala isikhathi esiningi ezintabeni, ziphila isikhathi eside - zifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20-25.. E-alpacas efuywayo epulazini, isikhathi sokuphila sincishiswa amahlandla amathathu - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-7 (imininingwane eqinisekisiwe).

Izinhlobo ze-Alpaca

Abafuyi bazala izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukaniswa ukwakheka / ukwakheka kwe-rune - Huacaya (Wakaya) noSuri (Suri). Njengoba izinhlobo zokuqala zivame kakhulu, kuyiHuacaya evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-alpaca. Ama-Wakaya anejazi elifushane, lapho izinwele zikhula zibukeka esikhunjeni, zinikeze izilwane ukubukeka kwamathoyizi e-plush.

I-Suri enoboya bayo obude obuthambile obuluka ngaphansi kwama-dreadlocks iyinhlangano ekhethekile (5% noma amakhanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-120) kanye nenhlobo ebaluleke kakhulu (ebiza kabili njengohlobo lweWakaya). Kwakuwunoboya bukaSuri owake waya ezingubeni zabantu abathweswe umqhele. UFleece Suri (ngemuva kwesizinda seWakaya) ubukeka emkhulu futhi nangaphezulu. Ayinazinwele zangaphandle ezihlisela ikhwalithi yoboya, kodwa kunezinwele eziqonde ngqo (19-25 microns) ezinemiphetho emincane egobile.

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

AmaNdiya asePeruvia aqala ukubulala amadlozi ama-alpaca eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha edlule. Ngokwenganekwane, uboya bezilwane (lapho umquba owawusetshenziselwa uphethiloli wawukalwa) uthole igama lesifaniso "i-fiber yabonkulunkulu."

Futhi esikhathini sethu, i-alpaca, iningi labo elihlala ePeru, ihlala ingumthombo obalulekile wemali engenayo kumaNdiya anamuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zihlala enyakatho yeChile, i-Ecuador, entshonalanga yeBolivia neArgentina. Izinkomo ze-Alpaca zizulazula ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zasePeru (amamitha angama-800 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle) futhi ziklaba ezindaweni eziphakemeyo ze-Andes (endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3,5-5.0), zifinyelela emngceleni weqhwa ngezimila eziqhekekile.

Ukudla kwe-Alpaca

Cishe akukho okuhlukile ekudleni kwehhashi - ama-alpacas awathobeki futhi ajwayele ukutholakala ngotshani abancane. E-acre eyodwa, izilwane eziyisithupha zingadlela.

Imenyu ngokuvamile ifaka:

Ifuna izitshalo ezintsha futhi ezinempilo kakhulu, ama-artiodactyls ahlola ngokucophelela ipuleza eliphezulu futhi ahamba kancane. Uma kunesidingo, umhlambi ufudukela ezindaweni ezivundile kakhudlwana. Abalimi abacebile bavame ukucebisa uhla lwamadlelo ngokutshala i-clover noma i-alfalfa emasimini, kanye nokungeza amaminerali kanye ne-hay ekudleni kwe-alpaca.

Lapho usondla, amaphuzu amaningi kufanele abonwe:

• amadlelo angenawo ukhula anobuthi,
• hay ephezulu (enamaprotheni),
• umthamo ofanele wamaminerali
• izimuncagazi nezithako (kanye ngenyanga),
• ukufinyelela okungenamkhawulo emanzini.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ukugcizelelwa kokudla kufakwe otshanini / hay, yize inani lezinsuku zokudla elidliwayo lincane - 1.5 kg ngesisindo esingu-55 kg. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi unyaka owodwa i-alpaca idla cishe ama-500 kg of hay. Inani nokwakheka kokuphakelayo okusetshenziswayo nakho kuya ngeminyaka (i-cub noma yabantu abadala), ubulili, ukukhulelwa nokukhishwa komzimba.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Isizini yokuvuthwa kwe-Alpaca ayinamkhawulo futhi ihlala unyaka wonke. Umholi uhlanganisa bonke abantu besifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili bendoda yakhe. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-harems ahlanganiswa abe yizinkomo ezinkulu, okuholela ekutheni kube nokulwa okukhulu phakathi kwabesilisa.

Ukuzalela i-alpaca ekudingisweni kulawulwa ngabantu, ukuzalanisa izilwane ezingafani nobungqingili ezindaweni ezihlukile futhi kuvumela abesilisa abathembisayo kakhulu ukuba baganane.

Abesifazane abavundile ikakhulukazi futhi bathambekele ekuphuthweni yizisu, kepha banesifiso sokukhulelwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka noma usuku, ngoba ukuvuswa kweqanda kwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi sokuhlangana nowesilisa. Owesifazane ulungele ukuya ocansini ngokushesha nje emva kokuzalwa, kodwa, ngokungathandeki, inzalo izalwa cishe njalo eminyakeni emi-2.

Ukuthinta kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-11, kufinyelele ekuzalweni kwewundlu, kuthi ngemuva kwehora, lizimele ngezinyawo zalo. I-alpaca esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esingu-1 kg, kepha ikhula ngokushesha isisindo, ifinyelela ku-30 ​​kg ngezinyanga zayo eziyi-9 (imvamisa ngalesi sikhathi umama eyeka ukumondla ubisi). Ukukhula komzimba okujulile kuyaqhubeka kuze kube unyaka wesithathu wokuphila, futhi imisebenzi yokuzala ye-alpacas "iyavuka" ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-2.

Izitha zemvelo

Izitha eziyinhloko zama-callopods ikakhulukazi ama-cougars amakhulu kanye nengwe. Ama-Alpacas alwa nabazingeli abancane, avula izandulele zawo nangezikhali zawo ezisayinayo, akhafulela. Ukuzivikela, izilwane zenza imisindo exwayisa abalingani babo ngengozi.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Abameli bezilwane bakholelwa ukuthi akukho okusongela ubukhona be-alpaca, ngakho-ke akubaliwe ku-International Red Book.

Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo zivikelwe ngumthetho wezemvelo wasePeru ovimbela ukuthunyelwa kanye nokubulawa kwe-alpaca. Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva, inani labantu bakhona basePeru lifinyelela ngaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu (88% yabantu bomhlaba).

Imizamo ephindaphindwe yokungenisa izilwane endle (ngaphandle kwaseNingizimu Melika) ayiphumelelanga, kepha ifakwa ngempumelelo emapulazini azimele / enkulisa e-Australia (izilwane ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-60), eYurophu nase-USA. I-Alpaca ibuye yabonakala naseRussia: insikazi ingathengwa ngama- $ 13,000, owesilisa - ngama- $ 9,000.