Ummeleli omncane kakhulu wokudonswa kwama-siren: ubude bomzimba ongu-2,5-4 m, isisindo sifinyelela ku-600 kg. Ubukhulu bomzimba orekhodiwe (owesilisa owabanjwa oLwandle Olubomvu) wawungamamitha angama-5.8. Ukuvezwa kwezimpawu zobulili kuyezwakala: abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane.
Ikhanda elincane elihlala phansi lidlulela emzimbeni omkhulu obunjwebunjiwe, ophela ngenhlawulo ye-caudal etholakala ngokuqondile. Umsila uhlukile ngesimo kusuka kumsila wama-manatees futhi ufana nomsila wama-cetaceans: ama-lobes awo amabili ahlukaniswe yi-notch ejulile. Amabunzi ngaphambili aphenduka abe njengamaphiko agobekayo njengamaphiko obude obuyi-35-45 cm. Kuwo kuphela amathambo we-pelvic acashile afihlwe emisipha asala emaphethelweni aphansi. Isikhumba siqinile, sifinyelela ku-2-2,5 cm ubukhulu, embozwe izinwele ezilinganiselwe. Umbala umnyama ngokuguga, ube ngumthofu noma u-brownish, isisu sikhanye.
Ikhanda lincane, liyindilinga, linentamo emfushane. Akunama-auricles. Amehlo mancane, amisiwe. Amakhala awathuthelwa phezulu ngokuqina kunezinye izinhlabamkhosi, ezinama-valve avale ngaphansi kwamanzi. Isizungu sibukeka sisikiwe, siphela ngezindebe ezinamanzi zilenga phansi. Izindebe ezingaphezulu ziphethe i-vibrissae eqinile futhi igcwele phakathi (inamandla kubantu abasebasha), futhi ukwakheka kwayo kusiza i-dugong ukukhipha ulwelwe. Izindebe ezingaphansi nengxenye yesele yolwandle zimbozwe ngezindawo ezi-keratinized. Ama-dugongs amancane anamazinyo angaba ngu-26: izimbumbulu ezi-2 kanye namabili ama-4-7 ka-molars ohlangothini olungaphezulu nangaphansi. Kubantu abadala, amabhulukwe ama-5-6 molars agcinwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emadodeni, izembozo ezingaphezulu ziphenduka izikhala eziphuma ezinsini ngamasentimitha angama-6-7. Kwabesifazane, izihlakala eziphezulu zincane, kwesinye isikhathi azingene. Ama-molars angama-cylindrical, ngaphandle kwe-koqweqwe lwawo nezimpande.
Kugebhezi lwedugong, amathambo maxillary akhuliswa kakhulu. Amathambo e-Nasal awekho. Umhlathi ophansi ugobe phansi. Ibhokisi lobuchopho lincane. Amathambo emithambo amile futhi aqinile.
Ukubhebhetheka
Esikhathini esedlule, ibanga lalibanzi: ama-dugongs angena enyakatho eNtshonalanga Yurophu [umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-1055]. Ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, basebenza njenge-prototype yama-mymaical mermaids [umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-1055]. Kamuva basinda kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Indian naseNingizimu Pacific: ukusuka oLwandle Olubomvu ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika, ePersian Gulf, ogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya, eduze naseMalay Peninsula, eNyakatho Australia naseNew Guinea, naseziqhingini ezithile zasePacific. Ubude bebonke be-dugongs banamuhla balinganiselwa kumakhilomitha ayi-140,000 osogwini.
Njengamanje, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke ama-dugongs (abantu abangaphezu kwe-10,000) bahlala eduze kweGreat Barrier Reef naseTorres Strait. Abantu abaningi ogwini lwaseKenya naseMozambiki sehle kakhulu kusukela ngeminyaka yo-1970. Ngasogwini lwaseTanzania, udugong wokugcina wabonwa ngoJanuwari 22, 2003, ngemuva kwengxabano yeminyaka engu-70. Inani elincane le-dugongs litholakala ePalau (Micronesia), cishe. I-Okinawa (Japan) kanye neJohor Strait phakathi kweMalaysia neSingapore.
Indlela yokuphila
Ama-dugongs ahlala emanzini afudumele asogwini, amachibi angaxutshani nezichibi. Kwesinye isikhathi baye olwandle oluvulekile, baye ezifundeni nasezihlanjeni zemifula. Zigcinwa ngaphezulu kwezindawo ezijulile ezingekho ngaphezu kwe-10-20 m. Iningi lomsebenzi liwondla, lihambisana nokushintshwa kwamagagasi hhayi amahora okukhanya kwemini. Ama-dugongs eza ukuzondla emanzini angajulile, ezigodini zamakhorali nasogwini, ekujuleni kwama-1-5 m. Isisekelo sokudla kwazo izitshalo zasemanzini ezivela emindenini yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nokubomvu kwamanzi, kanye nolwandle lwasolwandle. Kutholwe nemifantu encane esiswini sayo. Lapho ukondla, 98% yesikhathi sichithwa ngaphansi kwamanzi, lapho "beklaba" ngo-1-3, umkhawulo wemizuzu eyi-10-15, bese bephakama benyuka bayothola ugqozi. Ezansi kuvame "ukuhamba" emaphini angaphambili. Imifino idwengulwa ngosizo lomlomo ophezulu wemisipha. Ngaphambi kokudla isitshalo, i-dugong imvamisa iyisigqekeza emanzini, inyikine ikhanda layo kusuka ngapha nangapha. IDugong idla imifino efinyelela ku-40 kg ngosuku.
Zigcinwa zodwa, kepha phezu kwezindawo zokudla eziqoqwayo ziqoqana ngamaqembu wemigomo engu-3-6. Esikhathini esedlule, imihlambi yama-dugong afinyelela kumakhulu amakhanda amaningana yaphawulwa. Zihlala ikakhulu zihleli, ezinye izakhamuzi zenza ukuhamba kwansuku zonke nezinkathi ezithile, kuye ngokuguquguquka kwezinga lamanzi, izinga lokushisa lamanzi nokutholakala kokudla, kanye nengcindezi ye-anthropogenic. Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva, ubude bokufuduka, uma kunesidingo, bungamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha (1). Ijubane elijwayelekile lokubhukuda lifinyelela ku-10 km / h, kepha i-dugong eyethukile ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-18 km / h. Ama-dugongs amancane abhukuda ikakhulukazi ngamaphinifa e-pectoral, abantu abadala babhukuda umsila wabo.
Ama-dugongs ajwayele ukuthula. Bejabule nje futhi bethukile, bakhipha ikhwela elibukhali. Amacube enza ukukhala okukhulu. Umbono kuma-dugongs akakhiwa kahle, ukuzwa kuhle. Ukusebenza kubi kakhulu kunama-manatees.
Ukuzala
Ukuzalela kuyaqhubeka unyaka wonke, kuyehluka ngesikhathi sethanga ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zobubanzi. Ama-dugong amaduna alwela abesifazane besebenzisa imithungo yabo. Ukukhulelwa kungenzeka unyaka wonke. Kukhona i-1 litre kwilitha, kuyaqabukela 2. Ukuzalwa kwenzeka emanzini angajulile, usana olusanda kuzalwa lunesisindo esingu-20-35 kg ngobude bomzimba ongu-1-1,2 m, luyinto ephathekayo impela. Ngesikhathi sokudonswa, amawundlu abambelela emuva kukamama, ubisi luboshelwe phezulu. Amawundlu akhulile aqoqana emihlambini emanzini angajulile phakathi nosuku. Abesilisa ababambi iqhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo.
Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-12-18, yize amabhungu amancanyana aqala ukudla utshani afika ezinyangeni ezi-3. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-9 kuya kweli-10, mhlawumbe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ushaka omkhulu ubamba izimbotshana ezincane. Isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-70.
Isimo sabantu
Ama-dugongs afunelwa inyama efana ne-veal ekunambithekeni, kanye namafutha, izikhumba namathambo, asetshenziselwa imisebenzi yezandla eyenziwe ngophondo lwendlovu. Kwamanye amasiko ase-Asia, izingxenye zomzimba ze-dugongs zisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kwendabuko. Esilwaneni esinesisindo esingama-200-300 kg thola ama-24-56 amalitha. Ngenxa yokuxhashazwa inyamazane nokuwohloka kwendawo yokuhlala, i-dugong iye yaba yivelakancane noma inyamalala ngaphezu kobubanzi bayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokwezibalo ezisuselwa kwimvamisa yokudotshwa kwe-dugong ngamanetha, inani layo engxenyeni echuma kakhulu ebangeni, ogwini lwaseQueensland, lehle lisuka ku-72,000 laya ku-4,220 kusukela ngo-1962 kuya ku-1999. (2)
Njengamanje, ukudotshwa kwe-dugong akuvunyelwe ngamanetha futhi aklanywa ezikebheni. Izimayini zivunyelwe njengobuciko bendabuko babantu bomdabu. UDugong ubhalwe ku-Red Book ye-International Union for Conservation of Nature enezimo "zezinhlobo ezisengozini" (Isengcupheni).
