I-Common Alivele (i-Natrix natrix) ibhebhetheke kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngaphandle kwengxenye yayo esenyakatho, eNyakatho Afrika nase-Asia - empumalanga kuya eCentral Mongolia, eNyakatho China, nasentshonalanga kuya eCentral Iran. E-Russia, lesi ngesinye sezinyoka ezidumile, lapha kuhlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu iseningizimu yeKarelia enyakatho, empumalanga - eTransbaikalia.
Indawo yokuhlala isivele ihluke kakhulu. Ikakhulu ihlala eduze nezidumbu zamanzi - ngasogwini lwemifula, amachibi, amachibi, imisele yokunisela. Imvamisa kungahlangatshezwana ngezihlahla ezimanzi, emaphethelweni nasezihlathini zamahlathi. Ingathola nendawo yokukhosela ezingadini, ezingadini zasekhishini, ezakhiweni ezindala, kuma-cellars, njll. Ezindaweni zokuhlala, lezi zinyoka zingenakwenza ngaphandle kwamachibi, ngoba zivame ukuthola izimo zokuzalela, ukuzondla nokuzenzela ubusika endaweni eyodwa. Izinqwaba zomquba nodoti obolayo zingaba izisekelo zezinyoka.
Ngabe kubukeka kanjani okujwayelekile? Incazelo nesithombe
Lokhu kungummeleli omkhulu wohlobo: ubude bomzimba kanye nomsila bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,2, kepha-ke, amasampuli angama-80-90 cm ubude atholakala kakhulu.
Umzimba wenyoka mude futhi mncane, umbozwe ngesikali somfaniswano ovela phezulu. Kunezihlangu ezinkulu eziyisishiyagalolunye ekhanda. Emzimbeni wonke, engxenyeni ephakathi nendawo, kulayini owodwa kukhona izikali eziyi-19. Izikali zomsila ngezimbambo ezibucayi noma ezibushelelezi.
Ngaphezulu, ngimpunga, aluhlaza okotshani, nsundu, kwesinye isikhathi kumnyama ngokuphelele, njengasesithombeni esingezansi.
Umbala okhanyayo, amabala amnyama amaningi ayabonakala.
Ngaphansi kumhlophe, ingxenye ephakathi yesikali sesisu imnyama, ngenxa yalokho umugqa omude wobude obude obugijimayo ugijima esiswini.
Isivele ingahlukaniswa kalula yizindawo ezimbili eziphuzi noma ezisawolintshi noma ezimhlophe-ezimhlophe ezitholakala emaphethelweni ngemuva kwekhanda.
Kuliqiniso, kwesinye isikhathi amabala ahlukaniswa ngokuhluka.
Incazelo Nezici
Esikhathini esiningi, lezi ezihuquzelayo ziphakathi ngosayizi, kuze kufike ku-1,2 m. Noma ngezinye izikhathi zingafinyelela ku-2.4 m ubude. Ziye zalotshwa ngezikali izimbambo. Usuvele esithombeni Kubukeka njengeketanga eligoqiwe ngobuciko, izikali zalo zilinganiswe ngokuqinile. Kukhona izihlangu zangaphakathi ekhanda. Imidlwane iyindilinga, amathumbu aqondiswa ezinhlangothini naphezulu. Isisu sin amabala. Isihlangu sokuhlaziya sihlukaniswe.
Sifaka encazelweni ikhwalithi eyodwa ehlukile kweyokuqala - inyoka ejwayelekile. Uvame ukutholakala nathi. Lezi yizindawo zokuphuza ezidumile ekhanda ezenza ukuba zibonakale ngokushesha. Umbala wezindawo ungaba owolintshi, ophuzi okhanyayo, abe ne-beige kancane, acishe abe mhlophe. Into eyodwa esiyiqonda ngaso leso sikhathi - lezi zindawo zibonisa ukuthi asiyona inyoka enobuthi phambi kwethu. Ezinye izinyoka azinazo izindawo ezinje.
Imizimba yabo mncane futhi ivumelana nezimo, amakhanda abo mancane, futhi izintamo zazo zihlukile. Umsila ukhonjwa ekugcineni. Amazinyo amaningi ahlala emihlathini nasolangeni. Amazinyo emihlathini engenhla anda ekujuleni komlomo, lawo makhulu kakhulu. Akukho primordia yamathambo we-pelvic emthanjeni. Banesimo somzimba cishe esiphelele salabo esicabanga ukuthi izinyoka.
Ungavele usibize njengesidalwa esihlakaniphile, sehlukile ekuqondeni kwezinye izirhubuluzi eziningi. Futhi ukuhamba, kusobala. Kukhona isisho esizinzile: "Nimble, kanjani." Sivame ukuzibuza ukuthi ngabe kukhona ubuthi inyoka enjengeyenyoka?
Yebo, yisengezo esiyingozi kubantu. Kodwa-ke, zingahlukaniswa ezinye izimpawu:
- Okokuqala, lokhu ukwakheka komzimba. Kuyavumelana kakhulu, umuntu angathi, "kuqhutshwa ngaphezulu".
- Inyoka inomucu we-zigzag emhlane wayo; inyoka ayinayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoka eziningi zinamachashazi aphuzi amabi emakhanda abo.
- Ukuma kwamakhanda abo kuhlukile. Kwinyoka - okusaqanda, okuvundile kancane, lapho kukhuphuka khona inyoka, kufana nesihloko somkhonto.
- Imidlwane yamehlo enyoka, njengabo bonke abanobuthi, ngesimo se-alkalis esiguqukayo; kubafundi, abafundi basondele kakhulu kwikati.
- Uma inyoka ivule umlomo wayo, futhi kusobala ukuthi inama-fangs amabili, iyisengezo. Inyoka ayinawo ama-fangs anobuthi, amazinyo mancane.
- Uma inyoka ikhuluma ngokuxaka futhi ingaphuthumi ukubaleka, nakanjani isengezo. Izinyoka zivame ukuba nokuthula.
- Ama-Vipers awawathandi amaxoxo, athanda namagundane, futhi kunalokho, akhetha ama-amphibians.
Kusuka kukho konke okungenhla, udinga ukuqonda - uma ukhumbula kahle, ibukeka kanjani inyoka, ungahlukanisa kalula nabalingani abanobuthi.
Ah - Uhlobo lwezinyoka ezingenabuthi zomndeni esevele. Igama elithi "uh" laqhamuka olimini lwesiSlavic, kwezinye izilimi kuthiwa lalingalungile. Kepha yonke indawo isho inyoka ngomqondo ojwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi eside, abaphengululi be-hertipologist bathi kubo izinyoka, okwakunzima ukuzihlukanisa neminye imindeni. Ngakho-ke lo mndeni wanda ngenxa yezinhlobo ezilahliwe.
Ezweni lethu, izinyoka ezivame kakhulu nezamanzi, kanti isengezo siyatholakala. Kuhlobo lwezinyoka zangempela, izinhlobo ezi-4 ziyahlukaniswa. Lezi zintathu ezingenhla futhi nezinhloko-ezinkulu. I-Aesculapius okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni isivele inegama lenyoka ye-Aesculapian, nayo ingeyoqobo.
1. Okujwayelekile kakhulu kithi ezejwayelekile. Zingezilwane zasemanzini, ukubhukuda ngokuphelele nokuzingela endaweni yasemanzini. Kutholakala kuyo yonke indawo eYurophu nase-Asia, ngaphandle kwezindawo eziseNyakatho Ekude. Ikhetha izikebhe eziminyene osebeni lwemifula, ezixhaphozini, noma emahlathini lapho kunomhlabathi omanzi. Kungatholwa kumadamu amadala.
Imvamisa zihlala eduze komuntu, uma ehlala eduze namanzi. Ukwazi ukungena endlini, endaweni ephansi, noma ucashe egcekeni emqubeni kadoti. Ubukhulu bawo bungamamitha, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2. Izinsikazi zikhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Ipendiwe ngompunga omnyama, ixhaphozi noma icishe ibe nsundu, kwesinye isikhathi iphethini elifana ne-chessboard. Isisu ngimpunga okhanyayo, ocishe abe mhlophe, umucu omnyama emzimbeni. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-albino nama-melanc (amhlophe namnyama).
2. Amanzi vele ayinayo amabala aphuzi ekhanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, unendawo emnyama esesimweni sencwadi u-V, akhombe phambili. Ipendwe cishe njengokujwayelekile, ngamathoni aluhlaza kanye nensundu, iphethini le-chess emzimbeni. Kuhola indlela yokuphila yamanzi. Idla kuphela ezinhlanzini nase-amphibians.
3. I-Viper vele - hhayi inyoka enobuthi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke kubukeka njengesengezo, ibuye ibe nephethini ye-zigzag emhlane wayo, noma ngesinye isikhathi ingaba nezindawo eziningi ezitholakala ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Kepha luncane kuneqhude, futhi ngokungafani nalo, linephunga lesikhumba se-satin. Isikhumba senyoka sibukeka somile futhi siqinile. Itholakala eMedithera, entshonalanga naseningizimu yalesi sifunda.
4. Inhloko-enkulu (Colchis) uhlala eCaucasus. Kuhluka kokujwayelekile ngekhanda elibanzi. Impela kumnyama vele, enamabala akhanyayo emuva kwekhanda kubantu abadala. Prefers river rapids, kuyilapho evamile ithanda amanzi. Amaqanda makhulu kunawokuqala.
Njengamanje, izinyoka, ama-Copper, izinyoka zehlathi, izinyoka zezinyoka, izinyoka ezinde ezinamazinyo amade, izinyoka zamakati, izinyoka ezikhuphukayo, amadinowa nama-eirenise sekubhekwa njengasekuqaleni kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-taxonomy yalezi zinyoka iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Muva nje, ososayensi basuka kude nohlu olujwayelekile lwezinyoka, baqhubeka nokuzidlulisela kweminye imindeni, ikakhulukazi kwabayifisayo.
Futhi ukuvala lesi sihloko, sifaka, kunezinyoka ezinobuthi, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinyoka, lezi izinyoka zamanga noma izinyoka zangemuva kwaso. Amazinyo abo anobuthi atholakala ekujuleni komlomo, ngemuva kwabo bonke abanye. Ubuthi babo buyingozi ezilwaneni ezincane, hhayi ezibulalayo kubantu, futhi bunomthelela okhubazayo. Yizo kuphela, futhi, okufanele zibhekwe njenge-aspid.
Izinyoka zokuphila emvelweni
Izinyoka ziyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini, futhi ebusuku zifihla ezindaweni zokufihla ikhanda - izinduku zokugqekeza, izinqwaba zemishayo namatshe, imfucumfucu yamahlathi, imigodi yezihlahla, njll.
Ojwayelekile uzizwa ekhululekile ngokufanayo emhlabeni nasemanzini. Ubhukuda ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi, lapho angahlala khona kuze kube yimizuzu engama-20, futhi ebusweni bamanzi, ehlula amabanga amakhulu amakhulu. Uma ihamba emhlabathini, iyakwazi ukushesha ifike ku-6-7 km / h. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugibela kalula izihlahla.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: Okuvamile
Umndeni omkhulu waleso osuhlanganisiwe ufaka izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zazo zonke izinyoka ezihlala emhlabeni. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi ojwayelekile ungomunye wabamele lo mfo wezinyoka. Lokhu okuphilayo akuyona into enobuthi, ngakho-ke kuphephile ngokuphelele kubantu.
Imvamisa abantu bathatha inyoka ngenxa yenyoka eyingozi, kepha kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo:
- amabala akhanyayo engxenyeni ye-occipital yekhanda akhombisa ukuthi ngaphambi kwakho,
- Umzimba wenyoka muhle ngokwedlulele - umugqa futhi ubude bawo bude kunenyoka,
- izinyoka ziyehluka ngesimo sekhanda, enyoka ifana ne-oval, kanti kuyi-sner - unxantathu,
- Ngokwemvelo, izinyoka azinayo imicu enobuthi (kodwa ngeke uyibone ngaso leso sikhathi),
- izinyoka zitholakala zibheke phezulu (njengasemakati), kanti ezinyoka zibukeka njengezinduku.
Uma uya ujula, ungathola ezinye izibonakaliso eziningi ezihlukile, kepha zonke ngeke zibonakale kumuntu olinganiselayo futhi ngeke zidlale noma yiliphi iqhaza lapho zihlangana nesilwane esithile esidabukisayo.
24.03.2014
Sekuvele ezejwayelekile (lat. Natrix natrix) - inyoka enobuthi yomndeni Kakade (Colubridae). Ihlala eCentral Asia, enyakatho-nentshonalanga ye-Afrika naseYurophu, ngaphandle kwengxenye esenyakatho yeSifundazwe saseScandinavia, eScotland nase-Ireland.
Isikhathi eside babejabulela inhlonipho enkulu phakathi kwabo bonke abantu bezolimo baseYurophu, ngokungafani nezinye izirhubuluzi. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi vele, owahlala eduze noma ngqo endaweni yokuhlala yomuntu uqobo, uletha injabulo, ingcebo nokuvumelana endlini.
Lezi zinyoka zaziphathwa kahle e-Ukraine, Belarus nasezifundeni zeBaltic. Emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, izinyoka ezifuywayo zazivame ukwenzeka ezindlini zabantu abampofu.
Balwa ngezinduku kangcono kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi ikati, ngakho-ke njengophawu lokubonga kubo bafaka amasoso ngobisi olusha lwasemini. Izinyoka yizo kuphela ezihuquzelayo ezingathi ekudingisweni ziyiphuze ngaphandle kokulimaza imizimba yazo.
Lezi zidalwa ezithanda ukuthula, ngokusobala, zinobudlelwano obungokomoya nomuntu futhi zizimisele kakhulu ukungaboli.
Ividiyo: Okuvamile
Abantu sebesazi isikhathi eside, bengakaze bazithole ngenhloso, njengezilwane ezifuywayo, ngoba babhekana nezimpundane ezicasulayo ngaphandle kwamakati. Kusukela ezikhumbuzweni zesikhathi eside, abantu base-Ukraine babekholelwa ukuthi ukulimala okwenziwe kakade sekwenze umuntu owonile wehluleka, ngenxa yalokho, lezi zinyoka azikhungathekiswa noma zaxoshwa ezindlini ezingemuva.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Isivele idume kakhulu ukuthi kukhona ngisho nomuzi wase-Ukraine owabizwa ngemuva kwakhe, yi-Uzhgorod, esentshonalanga yezwe.
Ukuziphatha
Izinyoka ezijwayelekile zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Bakhangwa ogwini lwamachibi, amachibi nemifula egeleza kancane. Bahlala nasezinhlafuneni zomhlaba, emahlathini anomswakama, emapaki, ezingadini nasezivandeni zemifino. Ziphinde zitholakale nasezintabeni ezindaweni eziphakeme ukufinyelela ku-2000 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
Bathanda ukugeza ilanga, ngakho-ke, eduze kwekhaya labo kuhlala kunomile, kufudumele kahle yizindawo zelanga.
Isici esiyingqayizivele sezinyoka ukuba khona kwezindawo ezibonakalayo zenyanga ezakhiwe ezinhlangothini zekhanda zibizwe ngokuthi "izindlebe". Izikhala ziphuzi, ziwolintshi, noma zimhlophe. Kuliqiniso, abantu ngezikhathi ezithile batholakala abangenawo amamaki anjalo.
Izinyoka zibhukuda ngentokozo futhi kwesinye isikhathi zize zikwazi ukuhamba ngesikebhe kude nolwandle. Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, zibamba ikhanda lazo liqonde ngaphezu kwamanzi, zigobisa umzimba nomsila ngendiza eqonde phezulu.
Izinyoka zingashona zize ziphumule isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwamanzi, zilimaze esibondeni esilele phansi.
Lapho zibanjiwe, ziluma kakhulu futhi ukulunywa izinyoka cishe akunabuhlungu. Njengokuzivikela, inyoka iyakwazi ukukhipha ukudla okusamuncu esiswini kumenzi wayo noma kumjabulise ngokuphuma koketshezi lwe-fetid oluvela entuthwaneni. Abuye angawela i-thanatosis isikhashana - isimo sokweyisa esikhohlakele. Ekuthunjweni, ngenhlanhla abanikazi babo abaze bazisebenzise izikhali zabo zamakhemikhali.
Izinyoka zizingela ngaso sonke isikhathi sasemini nakusihlwa. Ama-Amphibians, ama-trifles ezinhlanzi kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ikakhulukazi amagundane, aba yinto yazo yokuzingela.
Abantu abavamile ababulala ngoshevu futhi abaxabeki ohlukunyezwa. Njengoba sezisondele kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, zimane ziyigwinye iphelele, kusukela emalungeni nasezinyongeni.
Inqubo yokumuncwa nokugaya ukudla kungathatha amahora ambalwa. Eminyakeni engemihle, ezihuquzelayo zingabulawa yindlala kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yazo.
Ubusuku inyoka ichitha endaweni yokukhosela, ebekwe endaweni ethulile emnyama noma ezindlini ezakhiwe ngaphandle. Yize izinyoka zihlala ezinkomeni, zigwema izinkomo ngokwesaba ukuthi zizakufa ekuqaleni kwamaphilo azo.
Ngobungozi obuncane, kuqala. Ebukiwe, uyagoba, aqonde ngokuxwaya futhi aqabule nekhanda kuye ngakuye ohlaseli, aqhubeke nokuhlasela futhi amfafaze ngoketshezi lwe-fetid. Uma lokhu kungasizi, lapho isidalwa esiphilayo sihamba sivele ngamehlo agcwele ngengilazi, siphenduke sibheke phansi sibambe ulimi lwaso ngaphandle komlomo waso ovulekile.
Iningi lezinyamazane linyanya isidumbu, ngakho-ke lishiya lodwa. Ubuqili obusindayo buza buphila ngokushesha bese bushabalala.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: Inyoka Ejwayelekile
Ubude obuphakathi benyoka, imvamisa abudluli ngaphezu kwemitha eyodwa, kepha kukhona izifinyezo ubude bazo bufika kumitha elilodwa nesigamu. Isici sesidlo sakusihlwa esibonakaliswe ngaphambili ngesimo sezindawo ezimbili ezakhiwe ngokuma kwezimpawu ezitholakala ekuguqulweni kwekhanda emzimbeni.
Zilinganiswe ngohlaka olumnyama futhi zingaba:
- owolintshi
- uphuzi kancane
- ulamula okhanyayo
- mhlophe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kukhona izinyoka ezejwayelekile lapho amabala akhanyayo esifundeni se-occipital engekho khona ngokuphelele noma kuvezwe buthaka kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinyoka kukhona zombili ama-albino nemiculo.
Ingxenye yenyoka ingaba mpunga futhi ibe mnyama, icishe ibe mnyama, kwesinye isikhathi iba ne-olive noma i-brownish tint. Uma ithoni isivele ingwevu, khona-ke amabala ama-shades amnyama angabonakala kuyo. Isisu sesilwane esidabukisayo silula futhi sivezwe umucu omnyama, welula cishe i-chin. Ikhanda le-oval lalenyoka limile ngokusemuva kwesizinda somzimba ngokuhlangana okuhle kwentamo. Umsila wesilwane esidabukayo umfishane amahlandla amathathu kuya kwayisihlanu kunomzimba. Abahlinzeki besilisa bancane kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Uma ungena encazelweni ebanzi futhi ejule yenyoka ejwayelekile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kunalokho isikali esikhulu esakhiwe ngokunxande simboza ikhanda: i-parietal, i-preorbital, i-postorbital, yesikhashana, i-labial kanye ne-frontal eyodwa. Izikali ezisogwini lwe-reptile ziklebhu, futhi ezinhlangothini zibushelelezi. Emjikelezweni wengxenye yomzimba ephakathi (emgqeni owodwa), angaba ngu-19, 18 noma 17.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokuzalela izinyoka ezijwayelekile sithatha ukuphela kuka-Ephreli kanye noMeyi wonke, sidlule ngemuva kokuncibilika nokuvinjelwa. Izinyoka ezihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ziyakwazi ukuhlala izinyanga ezingafika kwezi-8 ephusheni.
Baphaphama ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa. Kusuka efulethini elinobusika elinamakamelo, lapho ngezinye izikhathi izinyoka eziningi, kufaka phakathi ezinye izinhlobo, kwesinye isikhathi zigcwala, ezinye izinyoka zikhethwa ngo-Mashi iqhwa uma zizwa ukusondela kwentwasahlobo.
Abazivikeli izindawo zabo, benza sengathi abanandaba ngokuphelele nokuba khona kwezihlobo zabo.
Entwasahlobo, umuntu angabona “amabhola omshado” lapho abesilisa abaningana bezungeza owesifazane oyedwa. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi ifuna indawo yokukhosela ekahle yokubeka iqanda, lapho umswakama kanye lokushisa lilungile khona ukuze lifakwe. Imvamisa, kukhethwa isiqu esibolile, umquba, ikona endaweni yokudlela noma engaphansi, kukhethwe amahlamvu avuthayo noma umgodi womquba.
Insikazi ibekela amaqanda angama-20-30 ngoJulayi-Juni. Zimbozwe ngegobolondo elithambile lesikhumba.
Kwesinye isikhathi izintokazi zizalela amaqanda endaweni eyodwa, khona-ke isibalo sazo ku-clutch singafinyelela ku-3000.
Ngemuva kokubeka iqanda lokugcina, umama ulahlekelwe yibuphi ikusasa ngekusasa lenzalo yakhe.
Izinyoka ezincane zidonsa ngemuva kwamasonto angama-5-8. Ubude bomzimba wosana abasanda kuzalwa busuka ku-11 baye ku-15 cm.Ekuqaleni, zondla ikakhulu ama-tadpoles nama-amphibians amancane. Bazalwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ngakho-ke ngokushesha baqala ukufuna indawo yobusika babo bangakusasa.
Ezinye izinyoka azikwazi ukubamba noma ngubani ngaphambi kokucwaswa, bese zigibela esiswini esingenalutho, zineliswa ngamasheya akhishwe eqandeni kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ngokuzayo, bakhula kancane kakhulu kunontanga yabo abaphumelele kakhudlwana. Abesilisa bafika esikhathini sokuthomba beneminyaka emithathu, kuthi abesifazane ngonyaka olandelayo.
Bahlala kuphi abajwayelekile?
Isithombe: Sekujwayelekile
Kakade ojwayelekile usekhethe cishe yonke i-Europe, kuphela enyakatho ngeke uhlangane naye, akahlali e-Arctic Circle. Ensimini yezinsimbi ezisenyakatho, kusatshalaliswa kusuka eKarelia kuya eSweden. Eningizimu, wayehlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika, wafika eSahara ebabazekayo. I-Iberian Peninsula kanye neBritish Isles ziyizindawo zasentshonalanga zasendaweni yayo. Ukusuka empumalanga, uhla lufika enkabeni yeMongolia, engxenyeni esenyakatho yeChina neTransbaikalia. Ezweni lethu, kungabizwa ngokuthi owedume kakhulu kunazo zonke izinto ezihuquzelayo.
Izinyoka ezijwayelekile zijwayela izindawo ezihluke ngokuphelele, izindawo zemvelo kanye namathafa endawo. Enye yezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu yobukhona babo obuntofontofo ukuba khona eduze kwedamu, okungcono ngenkambo ebuthakathaka noma ngaphandle kwayo nhlobo.
- ezindaweni ezimanzi
- emaphethelweni ehlathi
- ehlathini kaningi
- izikhukhula
- izigaba ze-steppe
- ezintabeni,
- ezimeleni ezimanzi
- ehlathini
- izindawo ezisogwini zezindikimba zamanzi ezahlukahlukene,
- izindawo eziphakemeyo.
Izinyoka zabantu ezijwayelekile azinamahloni futhi zihlala kumapaki amadolobha, ngaphansi kwamabhuloho, emadamini amadala. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, izinyoka zingahlala khona lapho kuphekwe inkukhu noma esibayeni, endaweni eyi-sennik, emiphongolweni, esitebeleni, e-woodcutter, lapho izizwa imnandi khona. Izinyoka zingahlela okokuphephela kwazo emgodini, phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla, emgodini, endaweni eshiswa kuyo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kunezimo lapho izinyoka zihlala epulazini lasemakhaya zibeka amaqanda azo ezidlekeni ezingenalutho zamadada nezinkukhu.
Manje sesiyazi ukuthi inyoka yethu enobuthi ihlala kuphi. Manje ake sibheke ukuthi yini evamile emvelweni nokuthi kungakanani ukudla okudinga ukuhlala isikhathi sokuphumula.
Yini edla okujwayelekile?
Isithombe: Inyoka enobuthi - ejwayelekile
Imenyu yenyoka ejwayelekile ingabizwa ngokuhlukahluka. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, liqukethe amasele.
Ngaphezu kwabo, kungaba nokuluma ngempela:
- isililo
- isinaphi
- tadpoles
- gazinga inhlanzi
- newt,
- izinyoni ezintsha ezisanda izidleke zazo,
- amagundane amanzi wezingane
- izinduku ezincane
- izinambuzane nezibungu zazo.
Ukudla okuyimifino akufakiwe ekudleni kwesidlo sakusihlwa, nakho akudli okwe-carrion, kepha bethanda ubisi, bathandwa kakhulu ngabathunjwa. Kwesinye isikhathi izilo zasendle zidlubhekela iphunga lobisi olusha, olishiywa yizakhamizi ngemuva kokuncelisa inkomo esitalini samakati.
Ngenkathi kudotshwa, izinyoka zilinda ngokubekezela inyamazane yazo, zibambe ngokushesha, ngokushesha nje lapho inhlanzi ingena emanzini ayifinyelela emkhakheni lapho ifinyelela khona. Ukuphishekelwa kwamaxoxo kwenziwa ezimweni zomhlaba. Isidlakela sezinhlanzi siginywa ngaso leso sikhathi, kodwa ngesele kufanele sithuke, ngoba uyamelana futhi alwele ukushiya phansi. Umlomo wenyoka unamandla okwelula kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngisho namacele asindayo nezinswelaboya zidonswa ngempumelelo.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Omunye umuntu wemvelo waseJalimane njengokuhlolwa akazange anondle inyoka yokuhlola izinyanga eziyi-10. Lapho edla okokuqala ngemuva kokulwa isikhathi eside yindlala, bobabili nesisu sakhe bazizwa, ngokumangazayo, kulungile.
Ngemuva kokudla isikhathi eside, kuqhamuka ikhefu lezinsuku ezinhlanu, okuthatha ukugaya konke okudliwayo. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela okukodwa, kungavele kuthathe amasele amaningi nemishubhu ngokungeziwe, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokudla, iba mubi futhi ibe buthuntu. Uma njengamanje kunanoma yisiphi isitha esiseduze, kufanele ususe ukudla okudliwayo ukuze usheshe futhi ube yiselula.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Okuvamile
Kuyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini, futhi ebumnyameni ukhetha indawo yokuhlala yakhe ecashile. Ojwayelekile ukhulile kakhulu futhi agile. Ijubane lokuhamba kwalo emhlabeni lingafinyelela kumakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili ngehora. Ezihlahleni, futhi uhamba kahle. Izinto zamanzi zenyoka ziyindlela eyintandokazi, isebenza njengomthombo oyinhloko wobungqabavu besilwane sasendle. Ngisho negama lesiLatini elithi natrix, elinikezwe ososayensi vele, lihunyushwa ngokuthi “ukubhukuda”.
Ukubhukuda okuvela enyoka kuhle kakhulu. Ukungena ngaphakathi kwikholomu yamanzi, ingahlala lapho cishe imizuzu engama-20, ebusweni ibhukuda amabanga ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Ubhukuda, njengazo zonke izinyoka, zibheke phezulu, sisonga umzimba wakhe oguquguqukayo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: O, uthanda ukubhukuda futhi umunca amanzi amaningi. Imvamisa kuyintanta ogwini lwesichibi, kepha kuye kwaba nezimo lapho izinyoka zitholakala emachibini amakhulu ngisho nolwandle ngamashumi amakhilomitha ukusuka ogwini.
Uyathanda, njengenye inyoka eningi, ukuthambisa ilanga, ukhwele ngezinsuku ezicacile nelinelanga eziphakeme. Ukuqala kokuqala ubusika bezinyoka kungo-Okthoba-Novemba. Imvamisa, izinyoka zilala ngokuhlangene (abantu abaningana ngamunye), yize ezinye zithanda isizungu ngokuphelele. Imvamisa, kule nkathi enzima, bahlala emiseleni ejulile yamagundane, noma uhlobo oluthile lwamachilo. I-Hibernation iphela ngo-Ephreli, bese kukhethwa izinyamazane zokufudumeza kosuku, yize zisazizwa zibabaza futhi zixinene, zihola kancane kancane umsebenzi.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izinyoka azinabo ubutha nobudlova, isimo sazo sinobumnene futhi sinobungane. Ebona abantu, uncamela ukuhamba kancane ukuze agweme ukuhlangana. Ngakho-ke, impela, kungabizwa ngokuthi kunokuthula futhi kungabi nobungozi maqondana nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Kwaphawuleka ukuthi akunzima ukwenza inyoka futhi, aziphikisi ukuxhumana nabantu uma bengaboni usongo, ukuzigcina ekhaya kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu.
Izici ezihlukile zenyoka ejwayelekile
Isici esijwayelekile sokwehlukanisa kwenyoka ejwayelekile yizindawo ezimbili ezigqamile ezinjenge-crescent ezimise ngqo ngemuva kwekhanda entanyeni. Iningi lawo aphuzi, awolintshi noma amhlophe futhi aqamba amanga entanyeni njengekhokhonathi.
Umbala wesikali sabo ungahlukahluka. Izinyoka zitholakala kusuka kumbala obomvu onsundu kuya emthunzini we-olive. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu bahlangabezana nomnyama ngokuphelele. Umzimba wenyoka uhlotshiswe amabala amnyama. Ngokuvamile, imigqa emine kuya kweyisithupha. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba inombala omhlophe futhi ihlotshiswe namabala amnyama. Umsila ukhonjisiwe, ikhanda liyindilinga, amehlo makhulu, enabafundi abakhulu, abamnyama, abayindilinga.
Isilwane esifuywayo sifinyelela ubude obufika kumitha eyi-1. Izinsikazi zide futhi zinde kunabesilisa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zingafinyelela kubude obufika ku-1.30 m, ezimweni ezingafinyeleleki kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-1,50.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Indawo yokuhlala yenyoka inkulu kakhulu. Kuleminyaka emifushane isabalale kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia. EYurophu, ayitholakali kuphela e-Ireland, eScotland nasezindaweni ezipholile zeScandinavia. Izinyoka zihlala nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeNyakatho Afrika naseNtshonalanga Asia. Ungahlangana nenyoka emathafeni, kanye nasezintabeni kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inyoka Ejwayelekile
Izinyoka ezijwayelekile zivuthwa zineminyaka emithathu noma emine ubudala. Isikhathi somshado siqala kubo ngemuva kokuphela kwentwasahlobo yokuqala, ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene isikhathi saso ingahluka, kepha ngokuvamile siba sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli-Meyi. Ekutsheni, ukukhula kokubeletha kungenzeka futhi ekwindla, kepha khona-ke ukubekwa kwamaqanda kuthwalwa kuye entwasahlobo.
Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, izinyoka lezi zazihlotshaniswa ngesimo sebhola eliqukethe owesimame oyedwa nezinceku zakhe eziningi. Lapho inqubo yokufaka umquba isidlulile, insikazi iya esigabeni esilandelayo - ukubekwa kweqanda.
Amaqanda asevele enesikhumba, insikazi eyodwa ingalala izicucu eziningana kuya kweziyi-100. Kuyadingeka ukuthi wona (amaqanda) angabandi futhi angomisi, ngakho-ke inyoka ikhetha indawo efudumele nenomswakama, isibonelo, amahlamvu esihlahla sonwele, umdoti ohlaba umxhwele, udoti obolile. Indawo ikhethwe ngokucophelela, ngoba lowesifazana akahlanganyeli ekubambeni, eshiya ukubumbana kwakhe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izinsikazi zezinyoka zingahlanganisa imichilo yazo, uma zingatholi izindawo ezifanelekayo zabanye. Ehlathini lamahlathi abantu bathola isidleke, lapho babale khona amaqanda ayi-1200.
Emavikini ayisihlanu noma ayisishiyagalombili kamuva, inyoka iqala ukuqandeka, ubude bayo busuka ku-11 kuya ku-15 cm. Kusukela ekuzalweni kwabo impela, baqala ukufuna indawo ebusika ephephile. Akuzona zonke izingane ezikwazi ukuqoqa amanoni ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sekwindla, kodwa ngisho ezingakhileleki kakhulu ezisaphila kuze kube sentwasahlobo, zibukeka zincane nje kunabalingani bazo abaphilile.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Kulinganiselwa ukuthi zonke izinyoka ezingamashumi amahlanu zizalwa zinamakhanda amabili, ngakho-ke imvelo iyalela. Izinyoka ezinjalo kuphela "zeGorynych" ezingaphili isikhathi eside.
Izinyoka zingabhekwa njengezindebe ezinde, isikhathi sokuphila kwazo zivame ukudlula iminyaka engamashumi amabili, ngokwesilinganiso, lezi ezihuquzelayo ziphila kusuka eminyakeni engama-19 kuye kwengama-23. Isimo esiyinhloko sokuphila kwabo isikhathi eside ukuba khona komthombo wamanzi onikeza impilo eduze kwezindawo zokuhanjiswa njalo.
Habitat
Izinyoka zitholakala emanzini ahlukahlukene. Le indawo enhle yokuhlala kwabo. Izinyoka zithanda amanzi agobhozayo, amachibi, amachibi noma amaxhaphozi anezihlahla ezihlanzekile ukuvikela izinyamazane. Imvamisa zitholakala echibini lesihlabathi nesamatshe, kanye nasemachibini engadi emadolobheni. Izindawo ezomile zenyoka zikhethwa ngesikhathi sokuzalela, ukufihlwa nokubekwa kweqanda.
Zingahlala nasezindaweni ezikude namanzi, ngokwesibonelo, emahlathini noma emaphethelweni amahlathi, emapaki nokunye, kepha le ndawo ayihambi kahle kuzo.
Umsoco nendlela yokuphila
Isivele idla ikakhulukazi ama-amphibians, njengamaxoxo, ubuhlalu kanye namasha. Kepha imenyu yakhe inezinhlanzi, izinyoni ezincane, amagundane nezikhala. Ngenkathi esemncane, wondla kuphela kuma-tadpoles, izibungu namasele amancane kakhulu.
Lapho ifuna ukudla, inyoka ibona inyamazane yayo ngephunga, ebamba ulimi lwayo bese iyidlulisela emzimbeni kaJacobson ukuze ihlaziywe. Njengoba ezinye izinhlobo zamasele zingangena, zihlasela kusuka emuva ukuze zingabi nesikhathi sokukwenza. Uma isele lingangenisi, isisulu siyogwinywa ngokuphelele.
Inyoka ithanda ukukhuthala ngesikhathi sasemini, ikakhulukazi amahora afudumele, lapho ikwazi ukuthambisa ilanga. Kusihlwa uya endaweni yakhe yokukhosela. Zingasebenza njengamatje amakhulu noma iziqu ezindala zezihlahla.
Izinyoka zichitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini futhi zibhukuda kakhulu ukubhukuda. Imvamisa, lapho ubhukuda, ikhanda linamathela ngaphandle kwamanzi.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyoka ezijwayelekile
Isithombe: Sekujwayelekile
Izitha zomndeni sezivele zinezitha eziningi, ngoba lezi zinyoka azinabo ubuthi. Izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezidla ezinye zithanda ukudla isidlo sakusihlwa, ngakho-ke zingaphenduka ukudla kwezimpungushe, izinja ze-raccoon, ama-hedgehogs, amasosa, amabheji, izindunduma kanye nokugunda. Izinyoni eziningi zihlasela izinyoka, ngakho-ke zingadliwa yisibaya, ukhozi lwenyoka, ikati, i-heron. Amagundane amakhulu, njengamagundane, nawo angabamba inyoka, ikakhulukazi encane futhi ingenalwazi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlala ibandakanyeka ekubhujisweni kwezidleke zantambama ngokudla amaqanda enyoka.
Ngokumangazayo, amasele nezinhlwayi, zona ngokwazo eziba isidlo sakusihlwa sezinyoka, zivame ukudla ukudla okulula okuncane. Ukubhujiswa kwamaqanda akusihlwa kufaka izinambuzane ezinjengezintuthwane namabhungane omhlabathi. Izinhlanzi ezincane nazo zingathokozwa yizinhlanzi ezinkulu, isibonelo, i-trout. Ezinye izinyoka nazo zidla izinyoka.
Ukuzivikela, isivele izama sengathi yidolobhana elinobuthi: ithambisa intamo yayo kancanyana, ikhiphe umlozwane, igoqe ibe yi-zigzag, isongela isicubu somsila ngesibindi. Ngakho-ke uzama ukwenza umqondo owesabisayo kulabo abangahlakaniphile, kepha uma kunethuba lokuduka, yena-ke, akumkhumbuli, okokuqala, ekhetha le ndlela ethize.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Isenziwe ngathi isivele ifile noma ikhipha imfihlo enkulu kakhulu yokubonga, ngenxa yezindlala zayo. Ngamaqhinga anjalo, uzama ukuphazamisa ingozi kuye, ngoba emzabalazweni wokuphila zonke izindlela zinhle.
Izinyoka zivame ukuba yizisulu zomuntu ongazibulala kanjalo nje, ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile noma azibambele inyoka. Njengoba lezi ezihuquzelayo zingakugweme ukuhlala kwabantu, zivame ukuhlala eduze kwabantu, zivame ukuwela ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto. Ngakho-ke, izinyoka zinezitha eziningi ezimweni zemvelo, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezisencane ezisengozini, ngakho-ke, izilo ezifuywayo kufanele zihlale ziqaphile, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlwa zicashe ezindaweni zazo zokuphephela.
Mating
Ngemuva kokucabanga ngokweqile, okuqala kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli, ukuqala kokuncibilika ekuqaleni kwenzeka, bese kuphela ukuhlangana kwawo. Abesilisa abambalwa bavame ukwenza sengathi ungowesifazane oyedwa, bezama ukuheha ukunakwa ngokunyakaza okunyakazayo nokusondela kowesifazane. Izimpi phakathi kwabesilisa zivame ukwenzeka. Uma owesilisa ethola indawo yowesifazane, bayagana. Ngasikhathi sinye, isitho sakhe sobulili singena ngaphakathi kowesifazane futhi sivuvukele kakhulu, okuholela ekutheni kuvalwe imizimba yabo. Emva kwalokho, owesilisa uqala ukuhamba, lowesifazana umane ahudule ngemuva kwakhe njengokudubula okungeziwe.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Okuvamile
Umndeni omkhulu wabantu uhlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Ngokuvamile, inani lalezi zinto ezihuquzelayo ezinokuthula azitholi zinsongo, akubangeli ukukhathazeka okukhulu mayelana nokuncishiswa. Isimo sokulondolozwa kwezinyoka singabhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Muva nje, akukaze kube nokuncipha okubukhali okubabazekayo ngenani lalezi zinyoka.
Ngokuqondene nezwe lethu, izinyoka ezijwayelekile zingabizwa ngokuthi ezinye zezidalwa ezivame ukuzizwa zizwakale kahle ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo, kufaka phakathi ezenziwe ngabantu. Yize iqiniso lokuthi isimo ngesimo sabantu benyoka ejwayelekile sicishe sithande yonke indawo, kukhona izifunda lapho isibalo sazo sehle kakhulu futhi sifakiwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yezifunda ngazinye. Lesi simo siyakhula, okokuqala, ngenxa yokusebenza ngokushesha komuntu, okuvame ukuba nobugovu futhi kuhloswe ngakho ukuzuzisa abantu kuphela, bangazinaki ngokuphelele izintshisekelo nezidingo zabafowethu abancane.
Ukuze ungadingi ukuvikelwa futhi uqhubeke ukusithokozisa ngenani labo elikhulu, kuyadingeka, okokuqala, ukuthi ungangenisi ngokuxhamazela ezindaweni ahlala kuzo unomphela, ukugcina izindawo ezivikelekile nezethembekile zobusika nokwenziwa masonry, ukucabanga ngaphambi kwezinqumo mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa, kufaka phakathi ukubeka imigwaqo emikhulu. Into esemqoka ukuthi ungalahli ubuntu futhi unakekele.
Isithombo
Cishe izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu emva kokuzala, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayi-10 kuye kwangama-35 ezindaweni ezifudumele nezikhosele. Ngale njongo, ukhetha izindawo zokukhosela ezinjengeziqu ezindala zezihlahla, umhlanga noma izinqwaba zomquba.
Kaningi kakhulu lapho kuba khona amaqanda amakhulu. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda inqwaba eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukuba nezidleke lapho izingcezu zamaqanda eziyi-100-200 zihlangana khona. Imvamisa zinobude bamamilimitha angama-25- 40 namamilimitha angama-15- 20 ububanzi.
Kungakapheli nenyanga, kuvela inzalo. Okokuzalwa kwakhe, kuyadingeka ukuthi amazinga okushisa abe khona azungeze ama-28 C. Uma kunezimo zezulu ezimbi, khona-ke isikhathi sokubopha singakhuphuka size sifinyelele ezinsukwini ezingama-60-70.
Izinyoka ezincane zivame ukuzalwa ekwindla yokuqala. Igobolondo leqanda lisikwa ngezinyo okuthiwa yiqanda. Abantu abasha ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila bahlala ubusuku bonke esidlekeni sabo. Ngemuva kweminyaka emine, eba umuntu omdala. Ngokwesilinganiso, lezi ezihuquzelayo zinesikhathi sokuphila seminyaka engama-20.
Ukulondolozwa kwezinyoka ezijwayelekile
Photo: Ejwayelekile vele kwi-Red Book
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, isimo sempilo nokuthuthuka kwezinyoka azihlali siphumelela yonke indawo, ngakho kwezinye izifunda esivamile sidinga ukuvikelwa. Ngenhloso yokuvikelwa, kufakwe ku-Red Book yezindawo ezithile: iMoscow, Tver, Leningrad. Ibuye ivikelwe eRiphabhlikhi yaseKarelia.Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo, isibalo sezilwane ezihuquzelayo sehle kakhulu, yize ngaphambili izinyoka zaziziningi.
Isizathu salokhu singabizwa ngokuthi yizinto ezingezinhle ezilandelayo:
- ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo,
- Ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwezidumbu zamanzi ezahlukahlukene (amanzi abalulekile ezinyoka),
- ukuntuleka kwesikhala sokuphila ngempumelelo nokuzala amaqanda,
- ukuxosha umuntu ngumuntu endaweni yakhe yokuhlala unomphela ngenxa yokulima umhlaba, ukwakha imigwaqo, amadolobha, njll.
Kulezo zifunda lapho okujwayelekile sekuvele kufakwe ku-Red Book, isimo sezinhlobo zaso siqokwa njengobuthakathaka futhi sincipha ngesibalo. Ezifundeni, kusakhiwa izinhlelo zokubuyisa inani lezinyoka ezindaweni ezisezindaweni ezikhethekile, ezivikelwe. Emaphethelweni emifula, abantu baphinda bavule izimbali eziseduze namanzi; izindawo ezikhethekile zigunyazwe ukugeza nokuzilibazisa ezindaweni ezinjalo.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukufaka ukuthi uhlala umangazwa ukuthi kungakanani ongakufunda mayelana nomuntu ojwayelekile futhi aziwa kahle kusukela ebuntwaneni, lapho abantu bakudala bakha khona izinganekwane nezinkolelo eziningi, lapho ezejwayelekile vele usebenza njengophawu lwenhlanhla, umgcini wenotho nengcebo engenakubalwa, futhi futhi eyinkosi yezinye ezihuquzelayo.
Kusejwayelekile nje: incazelo
Lesi sidalwa esibuhlungu singumndeni "osuvele", ngenkathi sihluke ezihlotsheni zazo ezinenyoka phambi "kwezindlebe" eziphuzi, ezibonisa amamaki aseduze kwentamo. Umbala walezizimpawu ungaba ulamula, owolintshi, u-mhlophe noma ucishe ungabonakali.
Njengomthetho, abantu abadala bakhula babe ngamamitha ayi-1 ubude, noma ngabe kukhona amasampula ngamanye, ubude bawo bufinyelela cishe kumamitha ayi-2. Abesilisa bancane kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ikhanda lenyoka ejwayelekile yehluka ngokuhlukaniswa okuphawuleka komzimba, ngenkathi umsila wayo ucishe ube kahlanu ubude ubude bomzimba.
Ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba wezilwane ezihuquzelayo ingaba nombala omnyama grey, onsundu noma omnqumo, lapho ungabona khona iphethini emnyama eyenziwe nge-“Checkerboard” oda. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ipendiwe ngemibala elula yokumpunga okukhanyayo noma okuku-mhlophe, ngomucu omude wobude obuhamba phakathi nendawo. Umuntu ngamunye ubonakala ngokuthi umucu onjalo udlulela kuyo yonke ingxenye engezansi yomzimba. Phakathi kwalezi ezihuquzelayo, umuntu angathola womabili ama-albino nemiculo.
Ukufana nezinyoka
Kungokwemvelo ukuthi abaningi abazi ukuthi bangahlukanisi kanjani inyoka nenyoka, ngakho-ke bayithatha njengenyoka enobuthi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Eqinisweni, kuncane kakhulu okufana ngakho phakathi kwenyoka neenyoka. Okokuqala, bangaba nendawo yokuhlala efanayo ehambisana namachibi, ukuma kwamahlathi kanye notshani obunobuhle, futhi okwesibili, njengamaqhubu amaningi, bazama ukugwema ukuhlangana nabantu.
Phakathi kokunye, izinyoka zinolaka kakhulu futhi zingahlasela umuntu uma zingathandi okuthile.
Ukwehlukahluka kwesimilo kufaka:
- Inyoka inomzimba omfushane ngokuqhathaniswa nenyoka, futhi ukuguquka kusuka emzimbeni kuya emsileni akukubushelelezi kangako.
- Amabala aphuzi angabonakala ekhanda lenyoka, futhi umucu we-zigzag ugijima ngemuva kwenyoka.
- Ukuma kwenyoka kuyinto okusaqanda nokuqina kwe-ovate, kuyilapho inyoka inesimo esingunxantathu sekhanda futhi ibukeka njengephuzu lomkhonto.
- Izinyoka azinawo ubuthi obunobuthi.
- Ezinyoka, amashiya wamehlo ahlelwe ngokuqondile noma abe nomumo oyindilinga, kuyilapho kuyi-viper ahlelwe ngendlela efana nezinti.
- Izinyoka zithanda ukudla amasele, futhi izinyoka zithanda kakhulu izinduku.
Kunokunye umehluko, kepha akufanelekile ukusho, ngoba kunzima kakhulu kumuntu ongumqaphi ukuthola lokhu, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezinzima lapho kunethuba lokuhlaselwa yinyoka.
Izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo
Indawo yokuhlala kwalezi ezihubhayo ibanzi, ikakhulukazi ngoba ifaka phakathi izindawo ezisenyakatho, kuze kufike e-Arctic Circle, singasasho izinsalela zaseningizimu, lapho indawo yenyoka ifinyelela cishe eSahara. Uma sikhuluma ngemingcele yasentshonalanga nasempumalanga, badlula esiQhingini saseBrithani kanye ne-Iberian peninsula, kanye nezindawo eziphakathi nendawo zaseMongolia naseTransbaikalia, ngokulandelana.
Izinyoka zijwayela ukuvumelana nezimo zokuphila ezahlukahlukene. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kufanele kube nendawo yokugcina noma imuphi umsuka oseduze, mhlawumbe ngokuma noma okugeleza kwamanzi okubuthakathaka.
Lezi zinto ezihuquzelayo zingatholakala ngaphandle kwezinkinga emahlathini, emahlathini, emaqeleni, ezigungwini, ezindaweni ezinamanzi emifuleni, ezindaweni ezinamadolobha amakhulu, emapaki, ezingadini, nasezindaweni zezintaba.
Zivame ukuhlala emadolobheni futhi zithanda ukubeka ibhasikidi ku-asphalt, yingakho zivame ukuzithola ziphansi kwamasondo ezimoto. Le nto inomthelela onqumayo enanini eliphelele lezinyoka ezihlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Ngokuqondene nezinga lomhlaba wonke, inani lezinyoka lanele ukuze lingakhathazeki.
Zingaki izimpilo
Ngokuqondene nezinyoka, isikhathi sokuphila kwalo mndeni sihlaba umxhwele futhi silingana iminyaka engama-20, noma ngaphezulu. Isimo esikhulu ubukhona bamanzi, ngoba akulona ize ukuthi igama laso lesayensi livumelane ne-Latin "natrix", okusho "ukubhukuda".
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo! Baphuza amanzi amaningi futhi bathande ukuthatha izinqubo zamanzi, benza ukubhukuda okude njengalokho, ngaphandle kwenhloso. Njengomthetho, ahamba ngomzimba wamanzi ogwini lolwandle, nabantu abathile babonwa ngisho nasolwandle oluvulekile noma ebangeni elide ukusuka ogwini lwezidumbu ezinkulu zamanzi. Leli banga lingaba ngamashumi amakhilomitha.
Izitha zemvelo
Izinyoka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucasha endaweni yokukhosela ngesikhathi selishonile. Lapho umzimba usuvele uphola, uyeka ukusebenza futhi awukwazi ukubalekela izitha zawo ezahlukahlukene. Izitha zemvelo ezijwayelekile zingabhekwa:
- Izilwane ezahlukahlukene ezihlaselayo, kufaka ne-fox ne-hedgehog.
- Kufika ezinhlotsheni ezingama-40 zezinyoni ezinkulu, kubandakanya i-stork ne-heron.
- Amagundane anjengamagundane.
- Ama-Amphibians, kufaka phakathi amasele kanye nezandla.
- I-Trout, engeke inikele abantu abasha.
- Amabhungane angaphansi kanye nezintuthwane ezichitha imfuhlumfuhlu yamaqanda.
Ngemuva kokuba ehlangane nomuntu ngamunye nesitha sakhe, useqala ukulengisa igwebu endaweni yentamo kube sengathi yinyoka enobuthi. Ngasikhathi sinye, umzimba wakhe uhlelwe ngendlela ye-zigzag, kanti nomsila uyabhinca ngokwesaba. Kukhona inketho yesibili, ebonakalayo ngokwengeziwe uma izama ukugwema umhlangano onjalo, iqale ukubaleka.
Umzuzu othokozisayo! Uma esezandleni zomphangi noma ezandleni zomuntu, uyozama ukwenza sengathi ufile noma aqale ukukhipha into enukayo.
Ngokudla kwakusihlwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nendawo yokukhosela enhle, esehluleka kakhulu. Kulokhu, izinyoka zisebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene zomsebenzi womnotho wabantu. Bahlala ezindlini nakwezinye izinto ezakhiwayo, kanye nasinqwabeni somquba nasemigqonyeni kadoti.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Izinyoka zibhukuda kahle dive, ngakho-ke zihlala lapho kunamanzi. Yize zitholakala ezindaweni eziyomile. Ikheli labo iplanethi enguMhlaba. Kunoma yiliphi ikona, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezinamakhaza, ungahlangana nenyoka.
Iningi lazo ziyizilwane ezigayayo, ezisheshayo futhi ezisebenzayo. Ebusuku bazama ukumboza ngokushesha. Kusuka kulokhu kuziphatha kucacile yini yesaba kangaka. Uma engacasuli kuze kube sebusuku, uzoshesha apholise phansi futhi ngeke akwazi ukuhamba ngokujwayelekile. Lapho-ke kuzoba yisisulu sezinye izilwane.
Futhi izilwane eziningi, izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo zilungele ukona. Ngeke sikhulume ngezinyamazane ezisobala, njengempungushe, i-raccoon noma i-hedgehog. Isivele ingaba yisisulu sezinhlobo ezingama-40 zezinyoni. Ingadliwa yinyoka enkulu, i-rat, i-toad, ngisho ne-trout ayinamahloni okuhlasela inyoka encane. Yebo, kanti ezinye izinambuzane zingamlimaza. Ubhungane nezintuthwane zonakalisa amaqanda akhe.
Kuyathakazelisa ukubuka i-repile yasendulo ogwini lolwandle. Lapha ulala cishe anganyakazi, uhambahamba elangeni. Lapho kuqhuma iso, umcibisholo omncane, onjengedonsi ye-zebisi, wawela emfuleni. Ukuntanta ngaphansi kwamanzi, inhloko eyodwa kuphela ephakanyisiwe kancane ngaphezu kobuso. Ingangena emanzini ngokuphelele, isikhathi eside izinyoka zingaba ekujuleni.
Imvamisa, lapho izama ukuphunyula esitheni, iyezwa, igobe intamo yayo, ifake umzimba wayo endaweni yokuzikhulula, ngokwesaba ifaka isihloko somsila wayo ukuze okoniwe acabange, inyoka inobuthi noma cha. Mhlawumbe akufanele udle naye? Ukubonakaliswa komzuzwana kwanele ukuthi lesi silwanyana esidabukisayo sishabalale ngokushesha.
Uma unepulazi eliseduze kwechibi, ungathola inyoka endlini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Zikhululekile futhi zifudumele phakathi kwezinyoni. Kwakunezimo lapho izinyoka zazibeka amaqanda azo edamini elilahliwe noma esidlekeni senkukhu. Kwezinye izakhiwo ezakhiwayo - ezigxotsheni noma ezigxotsheni, abathandi ukuhlala khona, ngokusobala besaba ukuthi bazochotshozwa.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zingatholakala epaki, emanxiweni asemadolobheni, ogwini. Bangakwazi nokungena edolobheni, bese befelwa kaningi ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto. Kakade kwesinye isikhathi uyakwazi ukubamba, mnene, uyakhohlisa futhi unelukuluku lokwazi.
Uma uthatha lesi silwane, lungela iphunga elibi elingasikhipha. Futhi kungumvelo wakhe ukwenza sengathi ufile. Ekuthunjweni, abathumbi ngokushesha bayasetshenziswa kukho, baba bacishe babe ngothile.
Kungani uphupha
Kakade emaphusheni kuvame ukusebenza njengento enhle. Indlela yakhe ayithandayo - ukushibilika elangeni ephusheni kusho ukuthi ulindele izindaba ezimnandi. Uma ukondla ngephupho, empeleni uyokwaziswa, uzothola inzuzo, umvuzo noma ukuqashelwa. Kwabesifazane, ukubona ephusheni kusho ushintsho olungcono ezimpilweni zabo.
Cishe ukushada, noma uhlangane nomuntu obanjiwe. Uma inyoka ilume, linda ukukhulelwa okufisayo. Kwabesilisa, le nyoka ayisekeli kangako; imvamisa, ukuhlangana nenyoka ephusheni kusho ubuqili nokukhohlisa empilweni. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula zonke izimo zephupho ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani iphupha liphupha.
Izifiso zethu ezingaphansi kwesinye isikhathi zikhipha iphazili ephusheni. Kepha imizwa yethu kunzima ukuyikhohlisa. Uma ngemuva kwephupho elinjalo elinesilwane esinamapulangwe ungenawo umbono ongathandeki ushiywe, zizwe ukhululekile ukubingelela usuku. Leli phupho lihlala lilihle kakhulu.
Kakade: incazelo, isakhiwo, isimilo Kubukeka kanjani?
Ubukhulu bezinyoka bungaba zombili izinyoka ezincane kusuka ku-15 cm ubude, futhi izinyoka ezinkulu kakhulu ezinobude obungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-3,5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokujabulisayo, izinyoka zabesifazane zihlala zikhulu ngokubonakalayo kunabesilisa.
Ikhanda lenyoka lincane futhi, kwezinye izinhlobo, livikelwe ngezihlangu ezihlelwe zenziwe ngantambo futhi. Umzimba walenyoka umncane futhi umbozwe esikalini, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo ubushelelezi, kanti kwezinye unezimbambo ezinde. Amehlo akhe asendleleni, futhi abafundi bakhe bahlekile.
Umsila usuvele umfushane izikhathi ezingama-3-5 kunomzimba wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaba nesimo esihlukile: esiyindilinga, ebukhali noma emaweni.
Kepha amazinyo enyoka athembele kakhulu kuhlobo lwayo, ezinyoka ezahlukahlukene angahluka kakhulu ngobuningi, ukwakheka nosayizi. Ngokuvamile, ezinyoka eziningi zibukhali, zijulile futhi zingagudluki. Kepha ngaphezu kwalokhu, izazi zezilwane ziye zathola kwezinye izinyoka amazinyo abushelelezi anesihlahla esivame ukugoba lapho kudliwa ukudla okulukhuni. Ngaphandle kwamazinyo, umlomo nawo unolimi oluyinqwaba.
Zihlala kuphi izinyoka?
Izinyoka zihlala endaweni ebanzi kakhulu yezwe, ngakho-ke zihlala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ziye e-Arctic Circle, ingxenye ebalulekile ye-Asia. Zingatholakala naseNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi, e-Afrika, eziqhingini eziningi ze-Oceania, futhi uhlobo olulodwa lwezinyoka luhlala ngisho nase-Australia ekude. Futhi-ke, izinyoka zitholakala kalula emahlathini ethu, ngokuvamile, zivame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama lapho kukhona khona amanzi eduze: amachibi, imifula, amachibi, imigodi. Yize kunezinyoka zasogwadule ezihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule nezihlabathi.
Ukuvikelwa nokuvikelwa kwabo
Bahlala eduze namanzi ngoba amasele angumthombo wawo oyinhloko wokudla. Kepha izindawo zokuhlala kwalezo ezihuquzelayo ziya ngokuya zichithwa ngabantu. Amadlelo akhona manje asephenduka umhlaba wezomnotho. Izindawo ezinamanzi amaningi nezigcwala ziyaqedelwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo nemigwaqo emikhulu. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinyoka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njalo ngonyaka kunezindawo zokugcina ezingaphansi ezingashoni, njengamachibi noma amachibi, okubhubhisa nendawo yokuhlala kwalesi silwane.
Baphinde babhekana neqiniso lokuthi minyaka yonke kuba nezindawo ezingaphumeleli nezingaphumeleli zokubeka amaqanda.
Izinyoka eziningi ziyizisulu zethrafikhi ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwazo. Noma, babulawa nje abantu ukuze bazijabulise.
Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi le nhlobo iseLuhlu Olubomvu emazweni amaningi aseYurophu.
E-European Union kwenqatshelwe ukubabulala, kanye nokubabamba ukuthola izindawo zokuthengisa ezifuywayo.
Futhi, izindawo ezikhethekile namachibi aklanyelwe indawo yawo yokuzingela nokuzingela.
Ingabe kuyingozi kubantu?
Abantu abahlala ezinkulisa zethu abanangozi ngokuphelele kubantu. Akuzona ezinobuthi, ngaphandle kwalokho azikwazi ukuluma nhlobo, okuphezulu kakhulu ezingakwenza ukushaya isikhumba kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho umuntu esondela, zonke izinyoka zizama ukucasha ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi zingaluma kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, uma ziqhutshwa ekhoneni. Kunoma ikuphi, imihuzuko ekhanyayo ebangelwa inyoka iphola ngokushesha. Ngokwakhe, lapho ebanjwa ngumuntu njengendlela yokuzivikela, uzozama ukulingisa ukufa kwakhe, umzimba wakhe uzogiya futhi uyeke ukunyakaza, kepha uma esekhululiwe, umuntu ofileyo we-pseudo uzophila ngokushesha futhi azicashe ehlathini.
Kuliqiniso, futhi kunezinhlobo zezinyoka ezingaba yingozi, zifaka ihlosi noma umdobi, zinamazinyo anobuthi ngemuva komhlathi futhi ukulunywa kwazo kungadala ukuvuvukala noma nokufa.
Uhluke kanjani kwinyoka?
Noma kunjalo, sincoma kakhulu ukuthi singazami ngisho nokubamba inyoka, ngoba imvamisa futhi ingadideka nenye inyoka - isengezo, okungeyona neze ingozi, kodwa kunalokho sinobuthi futhi siyingozi. Uyini umehluko kusuka ku-viper: sesibhale ngalokhu ngalokhu esihlokweni sethu ku-viper, silandela isixhumanisi, kukhona ngakho.
Yini edla emvelweni?
Izinyoka, yize zingenabungozi kubantu, noma kunjalo, njengezinye izinyoka, zingabazingeli, umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwazo ama-amphibians nezinhlanzi. Amaxoxo nemidondoshiya, imidlwane, namagundane amancane, njengamagundane, amagundane, imaskkrats, kanye nama-squirrels, kuba ukudla kwenyoka okuvamisile. Kwesinye isikhathi amalulwane, kanye nezinyoni ezithile ezincane, angaya kuzo ukuze adle isidlo sasemini. Izinyoka ezincane zidla izinambuzane ezinkulu, izinhlwathi zomhlaba, imollusks nezinhlanzi ezincane ezahlukahlukene ngentokozo. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, izinyoka, njengomthetho, zenza abaqamekele, ziqaphe lowo ongaba isisulu, bese ziphonsa ngokushesha.
Ngokuthabisisayo, izinyoka lezi azibizi ngisho nokubulala inyamazane yazo, kodwa ziwugwinye ngokuqondile iphila, kube sengathi ifakwe emlonyeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukugwinya inyamazana elincane lenyoka akunzima, kepha inqubo yokufakwa kwesisulu esikhudlwana ingathatha amahora ambalwa.
Ngemuva kokudla okunenhliziyo, kungahle kungabi nezinsuku ezimbalwa, kepha ngokuvamile inyoka, njengezinye izinyoka eziningi, ingakudla isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokudla. Ngale ndlela, izazi zezilwane zize zaqopha icala lapho inyoka ingakwazanga ukudla izinsuku ezingama-300.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi izinyoka zikwazi ukubulawa yindlala isikhathi eside, ngeke zihlale isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwamanzi, lezi zinyoka zihlala ziphuza kakhulu, futhi ikakhulukazi ekushiseni.
Izitha zezinyoka emvelweni
Izinyoka uqobo ngokwazo zikude phezulu kwephakethe lokudla, futhi zingaba isisulu sabanye abazingeli abakhulu: izimpungushe, izindunduma, imfene. Ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama nazo zidla inyama yazo: izingwamza, amakhayithi nezinkozi. Amagundane, adliwa yizinyoka, nawo ayingozi, kepha hhayi izinyoka ezindala, kepha amaqanda awo nezinyoka ezincane. Izindonga zivame ukonakalisa izidleke zezinyoka. Futhi-ke, ingozi ethile yezinyoka ngumuntu.
Inyoka yokuphila
Baphila impilo yansuku zonke, bathanda iLanga, ikakhulukazi ukusika emisebeni yayo efudumele, okuyinto abayisebenzisa kakhulu ngosuku, ngaphandle kokusa nokuhlwa - lesi yisikhathi sokuzingela. Futhi, izinyoka zikwazi ukugibela izihlahla, ngisho nokusuka egatsheni ziye egatsheni, ukubhukuda ngokuphelele futhi zingaba semanzini isikhathi eside. Abantu abaningi bachaza amacala lapho bebona inyoka, ngokwesibonelo, phakathi echibini elikhulu.
Kunezinhlobo zezinyoka ezigaya izinyoka, zimba imigudu yangempela ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi izinyoka zasogwadule zithanda kakhulu ukugaya zingene emhlabathini oxegayo zizitholele isihlabathi ngokwazo.
Izinyoka zisuka kuphi futhi kanjani
Ngokufika kwamakhaza asebusika, yonke imisebenzi ebalulekile yalezo ezihuquzelayo ivinjelwe, izinyoka ziwela ekubandakanyeni, okuqala ekwindla futhi kungahlala isikhathi esingangezinyanga eziyi-8, kuze kufike ukushisa kwentwasahlobo. Ngokubanda ubusika, izinyoka zikhetha indawo esecashile engeke ibambe ngesikhathi seqhwa. Ezindaweni eziningi izinyoka eziningi zingahlangana ebusika, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezinye izinyoka nazo zingabusika nazo. Lapho kuqala ukushisa, izinyoka ziyaphuma emashalofini abo ebusika.
Amanzi vele
Lesi isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu senyoka ejwayelekile, noma ngabe kukhona umehluko othile. Lolu hlobo luthanda ukushisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke alutholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, luhlala kusuka eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeFrance kuya enkabeni ye-Asia, ungahlangana nayo eningizimu ye-Ukraine, eCaucasus, Kazakhstan nakwamanye amazwe ambalwa. Njengoba ungaqagela, impilo yenyoka yamanzi ixhumene namanzi, futhi aziphili nje kuphela ogwini lwemifula namachibi, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nolwandle. Babhukuda ngokuphelele, babhekane kalula nemisinga eqinile, futhi bangaba ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Imvamisa anombala we-olive omnqumo oluhlaza okotshani onamabala amnyama nemishayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, amanzi asivele enamamitha ayi-1 ubude, yize kukhona abamele abakhulu abangaphansi kuka-1.6 m ubude Le ayinangozi ngokuphelele, ngoba ayazi nokuthi kufanele ithinte kanjani, kepha ngenxa yombala wayo ivame ukudidaniswa nesengezo futhi iqothulwe ngokungafanele.
I-Colchis
Ungumuntu onamakhanda amakhulu, uhlala eCentral Asia, e-Azerbaijan, e-Abkhazia, eGeorgia naseningizimu yeRussia. Ukuphila emahlathini esifubeni kanye ne-beech. Kwezinye izinyoka lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa indawo ekhanda ebanzi ekhanda nokungabikho kwezindawo ezikhanyayo ngemuva kwekhanda. Ubude obuyi-1-1.3 m. Ubhukuda kahle kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ukudonsela phansi kwamanzi, imvamisa abalekela ezitheni. Muva nje, inani lezinyoka zeColchis belincipha kakhulu futhi kumele kuthathwe izindlela zokuzivikela ukuze zilondolozwe.
I-Viper vele
Lo usevele uhlala emazweni aseMedithera, kepha ungahlangana naye eningizimu ye-Ukraine yethu. Lezi zinyoka zihlala eduze kwamachibi, imifula nezibhuku, futhi zaba negama ngenxa yokufana kwangaphandle nezinyoka ngokwazo. Vele, lokhu kufana akulungile izinyoka ezibuleweyo, zicabanga ukuthi yisengezo, noma kungukuphela kwengozi.
I-Tiger vele
Kepha ihlosi elihlala e-Asia, kufaka phakathi iChina, iJapan, neKorea liyingozi, ngoba linemfihlo ekhethekile enobuthi eyisebenzisa ekuzivikeleni. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zayo ezingenangozi, le inyoka yangempela enobuthi, yize ubuthi benyoka yenyathi bungaqinile njengaleyo yenyoka efanayo, noma ezinye izinyoka ezinobuthi. Inobude obungu-1.1 m. Okunye okuphawuleka ngalenyoka umbala wayo onemigqa, ofana nehlosi, kungakho igama.
Ubumba lwasempumalanga
Lolu hlobo luhlala ezwekazini laseMelika, ikakhulukazi olutholakala empumalanga ye-United States, ukusuka e-Iowa naseTexas, kuya eFlorida. Ihluke kwezinye izinyoka ngosayizi wayo omncane - ubude bawo bungama-25 cm kuphela .. Unombala onsundu.
IsiJapane vele
Naphezu kwaleli gama, alihlali eJapan kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia ambalwa, kufaka phakathi iMpumalanga Ekude yeRussian Federation. Inosayizi omncane impela - ubude bawo bubalelwa kuma-50 cm kanye nombala oqinile: imvundu onsundu, ushokoledi noma onsundu ngokubomvu ngothayela oluhlaza.
Izinyoka zizalela kanjani?
Njengezinye izinyoka, izinyoka zizalaniswa ngamaqanda. Abesilisa bafika esikhathini sabo sokuthomba beneminyaka emi-3 ubudala, bese abesifazane besemncane ngeminyaka engu-4-5. Isikhathi sokuzala kwabo siqala entwasahlobo, cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokushiya ubusika. Ukuzigweba kungokulandelayo: owesilisa usondela kowesifazane, ngenkathi enikina ikhanda lakhe kusuka ngapha nangapha. Ube esehlubuka ngakuye, amhlikihle, amgoqe umsila. Kuyamangaza ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa abaningana bangahlangana bezungeze insikazi eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye, benze ikati yangempela yokuzalelisa, kepha ngokungafani nezinye izilwane, abesilisa abalwi bodwa, futhi bazame kuphela ukuvimba oncintisana naye ukufaka umquba kowesifazane.
Kungekudala ngemuva kokukhulelwa okuphumelelayo, insikazi ibekela amaqanda. Amaqanda asevele embozwe ifilimu emhlophe enesikhumba, iqukethe imicu eminingi microscopic, efakwe iprotheni ekhethekile enamathela. Ubukhulu bokubumbeka bungahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwenyoka, futhi, ngokuthokozisayo, lezi zinyoka zingakwenza ngisho ukuhlangana okuhlanganisiwe, okufinyelela kumaqanda ayi-1000.
Okokugcotshwa, izinyoka zifuna izindawo ezifudumele neziseceleni, zingaba yinqwaba yama-humus, iziqu ezibolile, ama-moss moss, ngisho namaqabunga awile. Isikhathi sokufakwa izinyoka sithatha izinyanga eziyi-1-2, emva kwalokho izinyoka ezincane zisuka lapho, ezisakazeka masinyane futhi ziqale ukuziphilela impilo yokuzimela. Ngasikhathi sinye, abaningi babo bafa besebancane, ngoba badla izinyoka ezincane, kufaka phakathi ikusasa labo lokudla okungenza ukudla: ubuhlalu, amagundane namagundane.
Amaqiniso atholakalayo ngezinyoka
- Kakade kwesinye isikhathi ukuguqulwa okunjalo kwenzeka ukuthi abantu abanamakhanda amabili bazalwe. Kuliqiniso, izinyoka ezinjalo ezingajwayelekile azihlali isikhathi eside.
- Ezinganekwaneni kunezinganekwane eziningi ngezinyoka, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi izinyoka zibonakala zithanda amaxoxo ngaphambi kokuzidla. Eqinisweni, lokhu akuyona into edlula inganekwane.
- Izinyoka zingamaqhawe ezivame zezinganekwane eziningi lapho zivame ukusebenza njengabaqaphi bemicebo nengcebo.
Ubusika
Izinyoka zobusika zishiya ebusika ngo-Okthoba-Novemba. Njengezindawo zokukhosela ebusika, lezi zinyoka zisebenzisa izimbobo ezijulile zama-rodent, izikejana ezahlukahlukene kanye nezimbobo ngaphansi kwezimpande neziqu. Zibusika ndawonye abantu abaningana noma zodwa. Phuma ekubandakanyeni ngo-Ephreli lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele. Ekuqaleni, awasebenzi kakhulu, aqambe amanga isikhathi eside ne-bask elangeni. Futhi ngemuva kokuqhuma kwentwasahlobo yokuqala, isikhathi sabo sokuvuthwa siqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, baqoqa abantu abaningana (abesilisa nabesifazane), bakha izingxenyana.
Izitha zenyoka nezindlela zokuvikela kuzo
Izinyoka izinyoka ezingenakuzivikela, futhi zinezitha ezanele. Imikhondo, izingwamza, izinyoka nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama ziyazizingela. Ukusuka ezincelisayo, izimpungushe, izinja ze-raccoon, ama-martens, njll. Zidla izinyoka. Amaqanda abo adliwa ngamagundane namagundane.
Uma kwenzeka ingozi, usenayo kuphela indlela yokuvikelwa: lapho kuvela isitha, ukhipha uketshezi olunombala omhlophe ophuzi ku-cesspool. Uma ikhambi lingasebenzi, uzama ukubaleka.
Izinyoka ezisebenzayo, uma zibanjiwe, zingazama ukuluma, kepha zikwenza ngendlela yokuthi akunzima ukugwema ukulunywa kwazo. Uma isalunywa, kungavela amakhowe namaconsi egazi esikhunjeni. Ngenhlanhla, ukugwaza kwenyoka akuyona ingozi, futhi ohlushwa kuphela kudingeka aphathe indawo yokuluma nganoma iyiphi i-antiseptic etholakalayo. Okubi kakhulu, enye indlela yokuvikela eshiwo ngenhla uketshezi olunephunga. Izandla zingagezwa kuwo ngobunzima, futhi izingubo kufanele zihlanzwe ngokuphelele.
Imvamisa, umuntu obanjiwe usevele wamelana ekuqaleni, kepha ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa uphumuza umzimba, avule umlomo wakhe futhi sengathi ufile. Kodwa-ke, uma uyikhipha nje ezandleni zakho, ivele inyamalale ngaso leso sikhathi.
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi abantu abaningi bazonda izinyoka ngenzondo evuthayo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye bathulisa ubutha babo ezinyokeni ezingenangozi ngokuphelele. Behlatshwe izinduku, bechobozekile yizinyawo zabo, bavame ukulala ngasogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi. Labo ababhubhisa ngonya zonke izinyoka ngokungenacabangi futhi abacabangi ukuthi bazuza ziphi inzuzo ezinkulu, bebhubhisa izinduku nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Ekuthunjweni, izinyoka zijwayela ngokushesha izandla zomuntu, ziyeke ukuzama ukuluma, zikhulule uketshezi oluvikelayo.
Yini ukondla kakade?
Amaxoxo asondliwe kakade, ubuhlalu, amagundane anqunu, kuyilapho ukudla kufanele kube kuphila. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi izinyoka zingafundiswa ukudla inyama eluhlaza. Izinyoka eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezilambile, ngezinye izikhathi zingakhombisa intshisekelo yenyama, zingene kuyo, zizwakale ngolimi lwazo, kepha zidle - azidli. Noma kunjalo, izinyoka zikhethekile ekuzingeleni inyamazane ehambayo.
Ngakho-ke, ngithole ixoxo ngamudla. Uzophinde umondle nini manje? Isilwane esifuywayo sizokutshela ngalokhu ngokuziphatha kwakhe. Isilwane esondliwe kahle silele futhi sigaya ukudla. Elambile, uqala ukunyathela ngokudabukisayo kule ndawo futhi uzwe konke ngolimi lwakhe. Lokhu kungenzeka zombili izinsuku ezingama-3 ngemuva kokondla, kanye namaviki angama-1-2, futhi ngisho nenyanga kamuva. Konke kuya ngesimo sezilwane ezifuywayo, izimo ezisethilini, inani elidliwe ngaphambili. Ebusika, izinyoka zidla kancane. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi inyoka ingakwenqaba ngokuphelele ukudla. Uma ngaphambili, isilwane esinjengalesi asizange siqashelwe futhi sidle kahle e-terrarium, khona-ke kunezizathu ezi-2 zokuthi kungani enqaba ukudla:
- uyagula noma ubuthakathaka kangangokuba akanasikhathi sokudla,
- Usephilile, usondlekile kahle, kepha ngokomzimba udinga isikhathi sokuphumula, akafuni ukudla.
Vele, icala lesibili akufanele libangele ukukhathazeka. Kepha ungayinquma kanjani impilo nokukhuluphala kwenyoka? Ngakho-ke, inyoka enempilo inamakhalekhala ahlanzekile kanye namehlo, umlomo opinki, ulimi olusetshenziswayo nolusheshayo, luyavela ngesikhathi senjabulo. Lapho i-molting, i-reptile enempilo ishiya ifilimu ecishe ingaphazamiseki, isakhiwo sesikhumba - siphume ngaphandle. Inyoka egulayo inyibilika ngemithambo (izinyoka nazo zingathulula ngokuntuleka komswakama).
Ukukhuluphala kwenyoka kunganqunywa ngaphandle nangokuthinta: i-reptile kufanele ibe yindilinga, i-vertebra akufanele iphume, kunzima ukuyizwa ngomunwe.
Izilwane ezikhathala kakhulu nezigulayo zivame ukulele, umzimba uthinteka ngamagagasi amancane. Kulokhu, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kosizo lwe-hepatologist.