USonya Sadovaya (ngesiLatin: Eliomys quercinus) uyisilwane esincane esincanyana esijwayelekile esili-oda le-rodent. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zamahlathi, ingahlala hhayi emahlathini ama-oki kuphela, kodwa futhi nasezivandeni ezindala. Uthole igama lakhe lesidlaliso ngenxa yokuthi kakade ngasekupheleni kwekwindla, esethole isisindo futhi elondoloze ubusika ebusika, uSonya uwela emgibeni.
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Lapho sekusabalale khona, namhlanje le nduku evela emndenini weSonev iwela ngaphansi kwesigaba sezilwane ezisengozini, ibhalwe ku-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba futhi iyavikelwa. Ngaphandle kokuthi emashumini ambalwa edlule isibalo sezilwane sehle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasempumalanga, kodwa kusabhekwa njengezinambuzane, kanti kwezinye izindawo kumane kudliwe.
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Incazelo
Isisindo somzimba wegumbi lokuhlala engadini lisukela kumashumi amane nanhlanu kuya kwelinye ikhulu namashumi amane. Ubude bomzimba obuphakathi buyi-10-17 cm, nomsila we-fluffy ononcwidi ekugcineni ucishe ulingane. Isibalo sikhombe, ngamehlo amakhulu nezindlebe.
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Ijazi lifushane, lithambile futhi linombala obomvana ngombala onsomi noma onsundu. Isisu, intamo, isifuba nemilenze imvamisa imhlophe noma iphuzi. Imigqa emnyama ingena ivela emehlweni nasezindlebeni, okubenza babonakale njengesela langempela, kuyilapho kuwuphawu lwamakhanda abalele engadini.
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Ukubukeka kwesilo u-Sony
I-Sony - izilwane ezincane. Ubude bomzimba wabo obukhulu bungama-6-9 cm, umsila - 4-16.5 cm, banesisindo esingu-15-200 amagremu. Uboya bawo buthambile, bukhumbuza squirrel, umbala wayo, kuye ngezinhlobo, uyahlukahluka kusuka kumlotha ompunga uye obomvu n nsundu. Kwezinye izinhlobo, imaskhi emnyama ihlotshisa isihlakala. Umsila u-fluffy kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, ngaphandle kwalezo ezimise imouse, futhi endaweni, hazel, ingadi, ihlathi kanye ne-dormouse yase-Afrika, umsila ungaphuka uma umhlaseli eyibamba.
Izilwane zinamandla amakhulu, ama-convex, acwebezelayo, anamehlo amnyama nezindlebe ezincane, eziyindilinga.
Izinzwani ezi-4 emilenzeni yangaphambili naku-5 emilenzeni yasemuva zithwele izilenge ezimfushane ezigobile. Indawo engezansi yemilenze ayinalutho futhi ithambile njengesiqamelo.
Izinhlobo zezinwele zokulala, ukusatshalaliswa
Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezingama-28 zama-dormouse ziyaziwa ku-8 genera kanye nemindeni emincane engama-3.
Subfamily Graphiurinae
I-sony subfamily yase-Afrika ifaka izinhlobo eziyi-14, phakathi kwazo uSonya Christie, uSonya Kellen, amadwala, i-savannah, i-Angolan nezinye izihlakala.
Sonya Kellen (Graphiurus kelleni)
Subfamily Leithiinae
I-dormouse yamahlathi amancane ifaka i-dormouse yamahlathi (izinhlobo ezi-3), ingadi (izinhlobo ezi-2) kanye negumbi lendlu (izinhlobo ezintathu).
I-Sonia Forest (i-Dryomys nitedula)
I-dormouse yegadi (i-Eliomys quercinus), yize igama layo, ihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini ase-Central Europe, futhi kwesinye isikhathi emabhusha noma emadwaleni edwala.
Subfamily Myoxinae
I-dormouse real subfamily ifaka isigamu, iJapan ne-hazel dormouse.
Umdwebo omuhle we-hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) uhlala emahlathini nokukhula kwehlathi elincane, kuhlangene kakhulu ne-hazel.
AbakwaSony batholakala eYurophu, e-Afrika, e-Asia, eTurkey naseJapan. Bahlala emahlathini nasezindaweni ezinamadwala, emaqeleni, ezingadini. Izinhlobo eziningana nazo zihlala eRussia (ishelufu, ingadi, i-hazel yehlathi kanye negundane-njengegundane).
Habitat nemikhuba dormouse
AbakwaSony bahola indlela yokuphila yobusuku, besebenzisa amehlo amakhulu, amadevu amade nomqondo omkhulu wephunga ukuzulazula esikhaleni. Ziselula kakhulu futhi zigcwele kakhulu kunamagundane. Izilwane zichitha isikhathi esiningi zigibela emahlahleni nasezihlahleni, kanti izinhlobo zezilwane ezinjengegadi nethango dormouse zivame ukwehlela emhlabathini, kepha amandla abo okukhwela ngokushesha umuthi zivame ukufika zilusizo, ikakhulukazi lapho bezama ukusuka nokuxinana kwezilwane ezizingelayo. Inye kuphela inhlobo - i-Trans-Caspian mouse dormouse - ihlala kuphela emhlabeni.
Phakathi kwamagatsha bafuna izimbali, impova, izithelo, amantongomane nezinambuzane. USonya udinga indawo yokuhlala equkethe izinhlobo zezitshalo eziningi ezinhle ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi kukhona ukudla okuqhubekayo.
Ntambama, uSonya ulala emgodini wesihlahla noma esidlekeni. Isidleke sesilwane sivame ukubumbeka simise okwe-15 cm ngaphesheya, futhi ukusakha, lesi silwane siqhekeza i-cortex, sisike sibe yibhola futhi singazungeza ngamaqabunga. Isilwane asondli ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-70 esidlekeni saso.
Inani lezilwane imvamisa alilona elibi njengamanye amagundane (acishe abe yi-0,10- umuntu ngamunye ngehektha elilodwa). AbakwaSony bahlala ngamaqembu amancane. Iqembu ngalinye lithatha indawo eyodwa, ububanzi bayo bungasukela kumamitha ayi-100 kuye kwangama-200.
Izilwane zinokuzwa okukhuliswe kahle, futhi ziyakhuluma impela. I-Shelf, i-hazel, ingadi kanye ne-dormouse likhipha izinkinobho zase-Afrika, amakhwela kanye nemifantu.
Ezimweni zemvelo, i-dormouse ihlala iminyaka emithathu kuya kwayisithupha.
Habitat nemikhuba
Uma sikhuluma ngesibalo sabantu emhlabeni jikelele se-dormouse engadini, lapho-ke indawo yabo yokuhlala iyisizinda esiyisisekelo, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwekazi laseYurophu, izifunda eziphakathi neziseningizimu ne-Afrika ne-Asia Minor.
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Zivame ukuhlala emahlathini nasezingadini ezinhle, zihlomisa izindlu zazo eziyindilinga emagatsheni aminyene, emigodini noma ezidlekeni ezilahliwe.
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Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda, kubekwa indawo yokukhosela yokucasha ngemisele phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla, inakekela ukugcinwa kokushisa ebusika. Ngesikhathi sokuwa, ukuthola isisindo kuphakama izikhathi ezingama-2-3 kunokwejwayelekile, ngaleyo ndlela kuqoqwa amafutha adingekayo ukuze uphile isikhathi sokulala isikhathi eside.
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Ukulala isikhathi eside
E-Europe, hibernate ithule ukusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli. Izilwane zilala emigodini noma ezidlekeni ezihlelekile, ngokwesibonelo, kwizigaxa. Bahlela izidleke ngotshani, noboya, amaqabunga, njll. Ngaphambi kokushiswa yinyama, lesi silwane silungiselela ukudla okuncane uma kungenzeka siphaphame futhi sifuna ukuluma, yize ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika sizama ukuzidlisa sathela futhi nokuqatha amafutha amaningi. Lapho ukulungiselwa ubusika sekuphelile, uSonella uyavuka alale.
Isikhathi se-hibernation sincike kwisimo sezulu futhi singafinyelela izinyanga eziyi-9 (ngokwesilinganiso, i-hibernation ihlala izinyanga eziyi-7). Ngesikhathi sokulala, izinga lokushisa lomzimba lehla lifinyelela kumazinga okushisa asezingeni eliphakeme, futhi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nezinga lokuphefumula kaningi kuncishiswa ngo-90% noma ngaphezulu - lokhu kusindisa amandla futhi kuvumela isilwane ukuba siphile izinyanga ezingaba ngu-6 kumafutha omzimba. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka emgwaqweni, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wendlu yokulala liqala ukukhuphuka, futhi ukuze uvuke ngokugcwele, kuthatha imizuzu engama-20.
Umsoco
Izingadi zokulala ezingadini zingama-omnivores. Ntambama, bavame ukulala, futhi kusihlwa bayazingela. Ukudla okuyinhloko kokudla kwabo kungukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane. Noma ngobuningi bezithelo namajikijolo ahlukahlukene, ngemuva kwesonto ekudleni imifino, angawela ku-stupor. Ezinye izazi ziye zaphawula ukuthi abantu bangabuna ngokushesha ngemuva kokushiya i-hibernation. Kepha ake sikwenze ngokulandelana.
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Ukudla, vele, kuncike endaweni yokuhlala. U-Sony, ohlala ezivandeni, ungadeleli lutho. Zithokozela ama-apula, ithini lamapheya, amapetshisi, amagilebhisi ngisho namakhahla ngentokozo. Lapho sebesegumbini lapho kugcinwa khona izinto zasendlini, bazonambitha ngenjabulo isinkwa, ushizi, ubisi nezinhlamvu okusendaweni yokufinyelela.
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Kodwa-ke, izithelo zimnandi. Ukudla okuyinhloko amabhungane, izibungu, izimvemvane, izicabucabu, ama-centipedes, izibungu, iminenke. Njengesibiliboco, angawajabulela amaqanda.
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AbakwaSonyes bangabazingeli abahle kakhulu abasabela ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ama-vertebrates amancane, kufaka phakathi amagundane wensimu nezinyoni, kuvame ukuba yizilwane zawo.
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Ngaphambi kokucwaswa, izilwane azigcini, ngaphandle kwezimo ezingatheni.
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Isithombo
Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphuma ku-hibernation, i-dormouse iqala inkathi yokuzalela. Indima ebalulekile kule nkathi idlalwa ngamazwi. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, abesilisa bendawo benza ukukhala lapho belandela insikazi, futhi amadrowsi engadi abesifazane aheha abesilisa ngokushaya ikhwela.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-21 kuye kwezingama-32. I-Shelf ne-dormouse dormouse kuletha ama-1 brood ngonyaka, kanye ne-hazel nehlathi - kuze kube kathathu.
Ngaphambi nje kokuba izalwe, insikazi iqala ukwakha isidleke, esivame ukwakheka, endaweni ebunjiweyo yesihlahla noma imfoloko egatsheni. Izinto zokwakha isidleke ngotshani, amaqabunga kanye nemicembe. Igumbi lokuphumula engadini kanye neshalofu lokusebenzisa izidleke nezinwele.
Esifubeni, kukhona kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-9 amawundlu, usayizi ojwayelekile we-brood wawo wonke ama-dormouse yizingane ezi-4. Izinkomo zizalwa zinqunu futhi zingaboni. Esontweni lokuqala lokuphila, baqala ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamakha, kepha, ngokusobala, ukushintshana kwamathe phakathi kukamama nenzalo kuyindlela enkulu yokwazana. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-18 yezinsuku, abantu abasha baqala ukuzwa, futhi ngasikhathi sinye amehlo abo evulekile. Kungekudala ngemuva kokuzalwa, ambozwe izinwele ezimpunga, futhi eminyakeni emaviki amane iba umbala ocishe ufane nowabantu abadala. Kakade eseneminyaka engama-5-6 amasonto, ubusha buqala impilo ezimele.
Kuze kufike isikhathi se-hibernation, amakhanda okulala akhula ngokushesha, bese intuthuko incipha. Bajwayela ukuya ocansini beneminyaka engaba unyaka.
Izitha kanye nezinsongo
Eminyakeni engaba yikhulu edlule, abakwaSony bebevamile futhi bebevame ukugcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo emaphandleni. Ngeshwa, namuhla bayizidalwa ezingandile futhi ezisengozini, futhi bambalwa ababenenhlanhla yokubabona endle.
Njengamanje, ingxenye yezilwane zikaSonya ifakwe kuhlu lwe-IUCN Red: Izinhlobo ezi-4 njengezisesimweni sokukhathazeka, eziyi-4 zisengcupheni futhi eziyi-5 zisesimweni esiseduze nokusongela.
Izilwane ezihlaselayo ezinjengezikhova, izingwe, izimpungushe, izinsimbi zomzimba kanye nezindunduma zibeka engcupheni izilwane, kepha ukwehla kwendlu yokucekela phansi cishe kuhlobene ngokuphelele nokulahleka kwendawo okuhlalwa kuyo ehlathini kanye noshintsho ezindleleni zokulawulwa kwamahlathi.
Indlela yokuphila
Umsebenzi we-Rodent ukhawulelwe ezinyangeni eziyi-4,5 ngonyaka futhi kwenzeka ngenkathi efudumele. Umbuso wokuphaphama uvuka kusihlwa nasebusuku, lapho uSonya ehlola insimu efuna ukudla okufanele. Isilwane esidlakadlaka kahle sikhuphuka izihlahla futhi sigijime emhlabathini, noma kunjalo, amathrekhi alo awatholakali kaningi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengawo wonke amakhanda okulala, induku yensimu ivame ukuhamba ngokungahambi kahle (endaweni yenyongo), kwesinye isikhathi iqhubekela esinyathelweni. Endleleni yesibili yokunyakaza, imilenze yangemuva ikhululeka kancane ethrekhi kusukela ngaphambili.
Ingadi yegumbi ikhetha isizungu, kuphela ebusika obude obuhlangana ngezikhathi ezithile. Wakha izidleke kuzo zonke izindawo zokukhosela ezingcono noma ezingaphansi, isibonelo:
- emigodini yezihlahla, imvamisa i-deciduous (i-oki, i-linden ne-aspen),
- ngaphakathi kweziqu ezindala
- ngaphansi kwesiqu esidikiwe
- ngemibhede engaphansi komhlaba
- ezindlini zezinyoni,
- ezidlekeni zokwenziwa.
Ngokuvamile izidleke ezindala zamajay, imilingo, noma ukuphithizela ziba yisigaxa sezindlu zokuhlala ezindlini. I-rodent ibafakela ngamahlumela amasha, ukuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwendawo yokwakha isidleke nokunikeza amandla okuphuma engxenyeni yayo engezansi.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uqonde ukuthi i-dormouse engadini ihlalile esidlekeni / endlini yezinyoni ngephunga layo elithile, ubukhona bemfucumfucu engaphansi / ophahleni kanye nezinsalela zokudla okujwayelekile (izihlakala zesikhumba, uboya, izimpaphe zezinyoni kanye ne -ininct yezinambuzane).
I-Hibernation
Kuphela yi “dormouse” enyakatho ewela kuyo: eningizimu yebanga, i-hibernation ihamba futhi imfishane. Amagundane okugcina aqaphela ekupheleni kukaSepthemba: ngalo mzuzu asekhuluphele impela, izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ezisindayo. AbakwaSony bangakwenza ngaphandle kwempahla yasebusika, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bahudula izingcezu ngazinye emibhedeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukwenza ubusika kweqembu kuwuphawu lwentsha, imvamisa ekhuphukela emikhoselweni engaxinekile, lapho ikamelo lokuphumula liba sekufeni noma kuba inyamazane yezinja nezimpungushe.
Endimeni yendlu yasebusika imvamisa:
- imigqa yamanye amagundane,
- imigqa ngaphansi kwamatshe / izimpande,
- isifuba senyosi
- iziqu ezibolile
- okokwelusa abagibeli nabokufika,
- izinqolobane kanye namasheya wesitoko.
Ngemuva kokuthatha isinqumo ezindlini, uSonia wakhe ibhola (cishe amasentimitha angama-20 ubukhulu), walimboza ngamaqabunga / ngoboya obuvela ngaphandle, futhi walifaka ngo-moss, utshani, izimpaphe namagatsha amancane aqhamuka ngaphakathi.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
I-dormouse engadini ikhethe amahlathi akhiwe ezindaweni eziphakathi naseziphepheni zeNyakatho Afrika, iYurophu nengxenye yesiqhingi iMedithera.
Kutholakala ezweni lethu ezifundeni zalo ezisentshonalanga, kulwelwa empumalanga nasenyakatho. USonia wabonwa ezifundeni zaseLeningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, eSouthern Urals naseLower Prikamye.
Ikhetha amahlathi amakhulu futhi ahlanganisiwe lapho kukhula khona oki, i-hazel, i-bird cherry, imephu, ulinden, umlotha wezintaba ne-rose yasendle.. Imvamisa kukhethwa izindawo eduze nomuntu - ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, izingadi, imiphetho kanye nezakhiwo ezindala eduze nehlathi.
Izitha zemvelo
Ama-drowsies engadi athungathwa ngu:
- izikhova (i-owred, owl ne-wading),
- izinja namakati
- izikhova nezikhova,
- i-cunyi (umkhuhlane, ipolecat kanye ne-ermine),
- izimpungushe.
Emzabalazweni wesisekelo sokuphakelwa, ama-sony alahlekelwa yithemba kulabo ancintisana nabo njalo - amagundane.
Ukudla, ingadi sony ukudla
Le nduku, ngenxa yemvelo yayo emangalisa, ayisoze yafa yindlala, njengoba idlula kalula kusuka ezimotweni iye ekudleni kwezilwane, inikeze okuthandwa ukwedlula lokhu.
Ingadi yegumbi lokuzula igxila umhlaba ngokungakhathali ifuna ukudla, ukukha amantongomane ama-beech, ama-acorns, imbewu ye-elm, izihlahla zeminduze nemifino. Emakamelweni ehlobo, amapharele, ama-cherries, ama-apula, amagilebhisi, amagilebu ayadliwa, futhi amaqabunga (cishe ngokungafani nawo onke amaSonya) awadliwa.
Kukhipha ama-invertebrates, kufaka phakathi izinambuzane, kusuka kudoti wehlathi. I-Orthoptera inambitha kusuka ekhanda, kepha ayidli amaphiko nezidladla. UMollusk uyamunca, enze umgodi echibini. Ngendlela efanayo siphuza okuqukethwe amaqanda ezinyoni. Ungesabi ukuhlasela izilwane ezincane nezinyoni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ingadi yokulala engadini inciphisa kakhulu inani lezinyoni ezincane. Umonakalo omkhulu owenzelwa labo abakha izidleke emigodini. Kuyaziwa ukuthi emgodini uphatha kalula inkanyezi elingana nesisindo kuye.
Ukungena endaweni yokuhlala komuntu, imikhiqizo ye-rodent yempahla - izithelo ezomisiwe, izithelo, okusanhlamvu nenhlanzi eyomile.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Ngemuva kokusuka ku-hibernation, i-dormouse iqala ukuzalela, ikhohlwa ngokuphumula kwasemini. Izilwane zigijima kakhulu, zishiya amamaki ezimpondweni, ezimpandeni nasematsheni. Ukuzalela kusuka ku-Meyi kuya ku-Okthoba: ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi iletha udoti owodwa, ngokuvamisile - emibili.
Owesifazane ovuthiwe ukhala owesilisa. Izicelo ziyamphendula ngomsindo ofana namanzi abilayo e-teapot, ungakhohlwa ukuxosha futhi ulume izimbangi zakhe. Imibhangqwana yakheka izinsuku eziningana, emva kwalokho umlingani eveza noma ashiye owesilisa, ashiye indlu ngokwakhe.
Ukuthinta kuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwenyanga (izinsuku ezingama-22- 28) futhi kufinyelela ekuveleni kwezingane ezi-2-7 ezingaboni, ezinqunu nezisithulu eziqala ukubona ukuphela kwesonto lesithathu. Ngenyanga sebevele badla bebodwa futhi bazulazula beqonde kunina, banamathela ejokeni lakhe nakomunye nomunye.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili emva kokuzalwa, umama ushiya amawundlu ahlala ndawonye isikhashana. Ngemuva kobusika bokuqala, amakhanda okulala amancane ngokwawo alungele ukuba ngabazali. I-rodent inesikhathi sokuphila iminyaka ecishe ibe mi-5.
Le nduku idinga indawo ebanzi (hhayi ephezulu kakhulu, kepha ibanzi) indiza ene-snag, izingcezu zesiqu somgodi, amagatsha amakhulu nesondo eligijimayo. I-moss kanye ne-turf zibekwe phansi, kufakwe i-birdhouse (mhlawumbe emibili) enesembozo esikhiphekayo odongeni.
Kubalulekile! Indlu yesibili yezinyoni isebenza njengendawo yokudlulisela imishini, kanti eyokuqala ihlanzwa ngokujwayelekile ngokuyihlanza imfucumfucu, imfucumfucu yokudla kanye nolunye udoti. Futhi kuzofanela uhlanze izindlu zezinyoni kaningi ngenxa yokulutha kukaSonya ekuphakelweni kwezilwane, okunempahla yokubola ngokushesha.
Ukudla kweSonya ekuthunjweni kuqukethe:
- izithelo namajikijolo (kufaka phakathi omisiwe),
- amantongomane nembewu sunflower,
- amakhabe (ikhabe, ikhabe nethanga),
- izitshalo zasendle, amagxolo nama-buds,
- okhalweni lwe-rose, umlotha wentaba ne-viburnum,
- Amaphela namakhethini,
- izimpethu zikafulawa ne-butterfly pupae,
- amaqanda, ubisi nenyama eluhlaza.
Emazingeni okushisa asuka ku-0 kuye ku-+5 degrees, izilwane ezifuywayo zifihle ubusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bazodinga ibhokisi elihlukile, ngaphansi kwalo okuyizinhlanga, utshani namaqabunga omisiwe. Ungabeka imbewu namantongomane eduzane.
Isimo senani labantu
Kuleminyaka engamashumi amabili noma amathathu edlule, inani lale namagundane (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasentshonalanga zobubanzi) lehlile kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izindawo izingadi zokudonsa zisabalele ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuchaza isimo sezinhlobo njengobuthakathaka kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN. Kuliqiniso, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izilwane zabekwa esigabeni esingenabungozi kangako, esibizwa ngokuthi “basondele kwabasengozini,” ngenxa yokushoda kwenani elinciphile lokwehla kwenani labantu.
Ingadi yegumbi. Igundane le-squirrel eliphumayo
Isilwane esincane esihle esinobuso obucacile sivumela igama laso. Umthandi we-hibernation izinyanga eziningana ngemuva kokuvuka ngokumangala ngomsebenzi kanye nokungaxakanisi kwempilo.
I-rodent ye-mamalia ngeke ivele, kepha izoshiya iminonjana ebonakalayo yokuba sendlini engadini noma ehlobo. Ngokumangazayo, izinwele zokulala ezifuywayo ziyizidalwa ezinhle futhi ezingenabala.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
I-Sonya, noma i-mouslov, incane ngosayizi, incane kunegundane. Umndeni wabo wasendulo washiwo ngu-Aristotle. Isisindo somzimba size sifinyelele ku-80 g maphakathi nehlobo, ubude bomuntu ngamunye bufika ku-15 cm. Umsila omude wombala wemibala emithathu kuze kufike ku-13- 14 cm. Ekupheleni, ibhulashi eliyisicaba lezinwele ezimhlophe.
Isizungqo esikhonjwe ngentambo yezinwele ezinobude obuhlukile siyabonakala impela. Izindlebe zindilinga ngesimo, zijikeleza emthonjeni womsindo ngokulandelana. Amehlo amnyama anezambatho ezimnyama ezindlebeni kubovu obomvana obomvana ngokunikeza u-muzzle ukubukeka kwesigebengu.
Isisu, isifuba nesihlathi kumbozwe ngoboya obumhlophe, kuthi phezulu emuva kube nsundu ngokombala. Ngobudala, ijazi loboya besilwane kuphela liba lihle, liba nombala. Imilenze yezinsikazi ingadi sony likhulu kunangaphambili.
Lesi sici sehlukanisa izihlobo eziningi ze-sonyeva zomndeni. Amabhulashi emabhulashi phambili. Ngu incazelo yegumbi lokuphumula engadini efana negundane elikhulu elinomsila obukhulu.
USonya uhlala emasimini ahlanganisiwe futhi anwebekile emasimini enkabeni yeRussia, eBelarus. Ingadi yokulala engadini e-Ukraine futhi akujwayelekile. Kutholakala ezingadini ezindala naseziqiwini zabahlali bamazwe aseYurophu naseMelika. Ithanda ukwehliswa yizimenywa ngaphandle kwemvume ezindlini zezwe. Ukuba ngumakhelwane nabantu kuyathandeka ku-rodent.
Izihlobo zamazwe aseSonya namagumbi okuhlala kuwo ihlane elikhulu, futhi umhlali wasegadleni akalivakali izwi lakhe. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukuthola ukuhlala kwesilwane. Uma uSonya ephoqelelwa ukuba "akhulume", khona-ke benza umsindo ohlekisayo, ofana nokukhala kwezilokazane.
Ungabamba uSonya ezindlini zezinyoni ezakhelwe lapho: izindlu zezinyoni, amakhemisi. Amagundane agibela emigodini, izidleke zezinyoni. Bathanda izindawo ezinamapharafu nama-clovas ashiywe, lapho kulula ukufihla khona emehlweni enyama futhi bazuze okuthile.
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, kuye kwehla inani lamagundane, kwezinye izindawo bavele banyamalala. I-AT I-Red Book Garden Dormouse kuthiwa yizinhlobo ezisengozini. Izimbangela zokuncipha kwenani labantu azikasungulwa ngokuthembekile.
Bacabanga ukuthi lesi silwane siphoqwa yigundwe elinamandla grey noma imililo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, okuthi umsebenzi obalulekile kaSonya uhlobene kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ochwepheshe baphawula ukuguquguquka okuthile kwezinhlobo kokuhlukahluka kokudla nezindawo ezihlala kuzo.
Ukungena phakathi kwe-pantry okugcwele amasheya ezitshalo, ukubukeza kabusha kwamasheya nama-attic ngeke kushiye izilwane ngaphandle kokudla. I-Coniffort, i-oki, amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, izindawo zezintaba ezifika ku-2000 m - izindawo ezikhangayo zokwakhiwa kabusha kwesimo sengadi.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yensimu ethempelini
Umsebenzi wezilwane wanda kusihlwa nasebusuku. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, asikho isikhathi esanele, ngakho-ke izinhloko zokulala zimatasatasa phakathi nosuku.
Bakha izindlu ezidlekeni ezilahliwe, emigodini yakudala, ezindlini zezinyoni, emigodini engenalutho, ngaphansi kophahla lwamabhilidi noma ezindaweni ezivikelekile zokwakhiwa ezindala. Azikhuphukeli phezulu kakhulu, zizinza kakhulu phansi ngaphansi komhlabathi noma zigibele ezimpandeni zezihlahla, zingene ezindaweni zokuphumula ngaphansi kwamatshe, iziqu ezibolile.
Isidleke esakhiwe ngebhola sakhiwe ngotshani, izimpaphe, iminyene, izimpaphe namahlumela. Ngaphakathi, uSonya ufakwe uboya ukufakelwa indawo yokukhosela, futhi ngaphandle bayimboza ngamaqabunga.
Ekwindla, lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba-Okthoba, bagcwala ekhaya labo izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngenxa yobude balesi sikhathi, u-Sony unikezwe ilungelo lokuzibandakanya ezindizeni zasemkhathini phakathi kwabamele umhlaba wezilwane.
IHibernation incishiswa kuphela ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Amafutha anqwabelanayo asiza ukusinda ebusika, isisindo sezilwane sanda cishe kabili. Kusuka ekuthembekeni kwekhaya kuya ngokuthi kanjani dormouse engadini yezilwane izophila kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ngeshwa, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yezilwane ibulawa izidleke eziqandayo.
Abantu abasha abasebancane abafanayo bavame ubusika ndawonye, bakhuphuka esidlekeni esisodwa. Balala imilenze yabo icindezelwe emzimbeni bese bezimboza ngomsila wabo. Lezi zindlu zikhanga ikakhulukazi ezitheni zikaSonya, okuyizimpungushe, izibaya, izinja. Ziyathandeka njengezisulu zezinyamazane ezinamabala: izikhova, isikhova, namasela.
Entwasahlobo, impilo yezilwane ibuyela esiteshini esisebenzayo. Bashiya amamaki amnandi. Isikhathi sokujaha siqala. Ekuheha abalingani kukhona Amaqiniso Ahehayo.
Ingadi yegumbi abize izithandani ngokushaya ikhwela eposini kwikholamu. Amawashi abanjwa acindezelwe esifubeni bese, eqandisiwe, alalele. Uma isinali selitholiwe, kuzwakala isimungulu.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Isikhathi sokufuya sama dormouse engadini siqala ngoMeyi futhi siqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Kwakhiwa ngamabili futhi ahlanganiswe ndawonye kuze kufike inzalo. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25-30, bese kuthi kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezintathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa.
I-Bald, izimpumputhe, nezingane eziyizithulu zidla ubisi lukamama kuqala. Owesifazane unakekela inzalo. Esimweni sokusongela, udlulisa izingane ngesikhuhluzo endaweni ephephile. Ngosuku lwe-21 lokuphila, amehlo ayavuleka, khona-ke asheshe abe namandla.
Inzalo yanyanga zonke iqala ukushintshela kokuzondla. Izinsana esezikhulile zihamba ngemuva kukamama goose. Ukunamathela kokuqala kwibhantshi likamama, kanti okunye kunamathela komunye nomunye ngamazinyo noma ngamawashi.
I-caravan yangempela ye ukozela engadini. Isithombe ukunyakaza okunjalo kukhombisa ukubonakaliswa kwengqondo kokomama nokuthanda kwezingane ezincane.
Phakathi nonyaka, inzalo ivela kabili. Izingane ezisencane izinyanga ezimbili zizimele. I-fecundity encane uma uyiqhathanisa namanye amagundane inxephezelwa isikhathi eside sokuphila esifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-4-6.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, kunezinsongo novivinyo oluningi, kepha indawo yokuhlala ayikhulisi yandisa isikhathi sokuphila. Basheshe bakhule isisindo, balahlekelwe ukuhamba, inzalo ivela ezinkathini ezihlukile.
Thenga indawo yokulala engadini Ungakwazi ku-Intanethi, ezitolo zezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nezinkulisa. Babizwa ngokuthi amagundane ama-squirrel ekunakekelweni ekhaya. Izilwane ezifuywayo zijwayela masinyane, ziba yinqolobane futhi zinqobe abaninizi ngenhliziyo ethokozayo.
Ngenxa yokuqapha, kungcono ukuxhumana nabo lapho ugqoke amagilavu, kepha uma isilwane sikhulisiwe phakathi kwabantu, lesi silwanyana asikhombisi ulaka, sizizwa singesabi ezandleni saso, futhi sikuvumela ukuthi ushaye futhi uklaye ijazi lawo.
Ukuze ube nokuphila okunethezekile, uSonya udinga ikheji elibanzi, okungenani amamitha ukuphakama. Ngaphansi embozwe ngokhuni noma nge-moss, kubekwe ngaphakathi kwe-driftwood, iziqu zeziqu zeziqu ezinezimbobo, amagatsha ahlukahlukene.
USonia uzokhetha i-nook yokwakha indawo yokukhosela. Ungagcina izilwane ezimbalwa ndawonye, zikhona ngokuthula, noma zilala eceleni kwe-barrel. Ngenxa yokuncipha kwezinombolo zemvelo, inzalo ekuphathweni kwezilwane nokuzalaniswa kwezilwane iyanda.
Izinkomba
- Thola bese ubeka ngendlela yezixhumanisi zemibhalo yaphansi kwimithombo egunyaziwe ezimele eqinisekisa okwakubhaliwe.
| Lesi yisihloko esikhuluma ngamagundane. Ungasiza iphrojekthi ngokuwengeza. |
| Isimo sokuphepha Eduze kwabasengozini IUCN 3.1 Eduze nokusongelwa: 7618 |
Inombolo yokuqapha
Isizathu esikhulu sokwehla kwenani labantu e-dormouse engadini ukwehliswa kwendawo - ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuhlanzwa kwezihlahla eziyize. Isici esibalulekile impi yokulwa namagundane, ngaphansi kwengcwaba yegagasi yayo ewela hhayi kuphela izinambuzane eziningi, kodwa futhi nezinhlobo ezingandile.
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Kubhalwe ku-Red Book, database ye-IUCN naku-Appendix III we-Berne Convention.
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Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuvikela nokukhulisa inani labantu azithathwa.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: Igumbi lokuphumula engadini
I-Sonia ingadi ithathwa njengomunye wabamele abadala bezinhlobo zamagundane. U-Aristotle wakusho lokho emibhalweni yakhe. Kuhunyushwe kususelwa esiGrekini sasendulo, igama laso lisho "isilwane esihle, esihle, nenhle".
Abaphenyi bathi okhokho basendulo balezi zilwane ezinhle bazalwa eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-6,000,000 edlule ngesikhathi se-Eocene. Umsunguli walezi zidondolo kwakunguhlobo lukaGliravus. Abamele lokhu bukhona emhlabeni iminyaka engaba ngu-20,000,000. Kamuva, wakhulisa umndeni wokudakwa kwamahlathi. Lezi zingabameli bokuqala bomndeni wakwaSony.
Ividiyo: I-Garden Dormouse
Ngokusho kwedatha yokuqala, amadlozi asendulo endlu yokuhlala engadini ayehlala endaweni eseMpumalanga ye-Eshiya kanye ne-Afrika. Ososayensi bezazi zezilwane baphawula ukuthi i-heyday nokusatshalaliswa okukhulu kohlobo lwe-Sonia kuhla esikhathini seMiocene. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho uhlobo lwe-Soniaceae luhlukaniswe khona ngaphezulu kwezinkampani ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha kuphela zezilwane ezazivele zikhona. Izilwane zingesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo, i-oda lamagundane. Bangabameleli bomndeni wama-dormouse, uhlobo lwendlu yegumbi engadini.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Isilwane dormouse isilwane
Ngokubukeka zinokufana okumangazayo kwamagundane ampunga. Ubude bomzimba ngamasentimitha ayi-14,5-5,5. Isisindo somzimba amagremu angama-55-150. Izilwane zinomsila omude kakhulu, omncane. Ubude bawo bucishe bulingane nobude bomzimba futhi ngamasentimitha ayi-11-13. Umsila umfishane, usatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phezu kwawo wonke umhlaba. Ekugcineni, uboya buqoqwa ngebhulashi elincane, elinomkhuhlane. Umsila uvame kakhulu ukuba nemibala emithathu yengubo. Phansi impela, kumhlophe, kukhanya ngombala okhanyayo. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, grey, futhi nsundu ezisekelweni.
Izinyawo zinobude obungalingani. Imilenze yangemuva yinde kakhulu kunangaphambili. Iminwe emine ngaphambili nasemilenzeni yemilenze. Iminwe yesithathu neyesine igqame kuma-paws angaphambili - mide. Emilenzeni wangemuva, umunwe wesine mude kunezinye. Izinyawo zimincane, zandisiwe. Isibalo sizungezwe ngesimo, sikhombe kancane. I-Garden Dormouse inezindlebe ezinkulu ezinde eziyindilinga namehlo amakhulu amnyama. Amancanyana, amade amade amise okhalweni.
Ijazi lifushane, likhulu futhi lithambile. Umbala ungahluka ngokuya ngesimo sezulu sendawo. Ngokuyisisekelo, ziyehluka ngoboya obumpunga noma obu nsundu. Indawo yesisu, intamo, isifuba nezitho imbozwe ngomthunzi okhanyayo woboya, ocishe ube mhlophe. Isici esahlukile sendlu yangaphakathi yegadi umugqa omnyama ogeleza usuka endaweni yeso uyongena esikhaleni sendlebe. Amadodana amancane engadi anemibala ekhanyayo ehlukile. Ngobudala, izithunzi zoboya ziyaphela.
Ihlala kuphi igumbi lengadi?
Isithombe: Incwadi Yokubomvu Yamagadi
Ingadi yegumbi ikakhulukazi ihlala emahlathini, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifulethi noma ezintabeni ezinentaba. Ungahlala ezingadini ezilahliwe.
Izindawo ezihlala ingadi yegumbi lokuphumula:
- izifunda ezisenyakatho ne-Afrika,
- indawo empumalanga yeYurophu,
- Altai
- cishe zonke izifunda zaseBelarus,
- ingxenye yengxenye yeRussia - iLeningrad, Novgorod, Pskov region, indawo yama-Urals aphansi, iLower Prikamye,
- izingxenye ezithile ze-Asia Minor
- I-China,
- Japan.
I-dormouse engadini ithanda indawo yamahlathi, lapho kuhlala khona izihlahla ezibanzi. Okungaphansi kakhulu emahlathini nge-conifers. Imvamisa, izindawo zokutshala ezingashiyiwe noma umhlaba wezolimo ukhethwa njengezindawo zokuhlala. Thanda izindawo lapho izihlahlana ezinde, eziminyene. Imvamisa, izingadi zezithelo, izindawo zamapaki zasemadolobheni zikhethwa njengezindawo zokuhlala.
Abesabi abantu, ngakho-ke bavame ukuhlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Kukhona nezehlakalo zokuntengantenga engadini. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngabantu abasha kuphela abangadanjiswa ngumuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lamagundane amancane awathandi ngempela lapho othile ebathinta.
Ngabe udlani endlini yegumbi?
Isithombe: IRodent Garden Dormouse
I-dormouse engadini ibhekwa njengento exakile. Idla ekudleni okusekwe ezitshalweni nakwezilwane. Izazi zesayensi yezemvelo zithi ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla yilolu hlobo lokudla.
Okufakwa ekudleni kwesilwane:
- amaqanda ezinyoni
- amaphuphu awile esidlekeni,
- izibungu zezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene,
- isikhonyane,
- amacimbi
- izithelo,
- amajikijolo
- amabhu
- amabhungane, izicabucabu, iminyundu, izibungu,
- iminenke
- amaqabunga,
- izithelo,
- imbewu
- izimpande
- amahlumela amancane ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimila.
Ngokuqondene ne-hibernation, abantu abaningi badla kanzima ehlobo lonke, futhi abanye bathambekele ekuqongeleleni. Izitoko zegumbi lokuhlala engadini, njengezumba dormouse, zibhujiswa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukwakheka kwezitho zomsinga wegadi kukhuthaza ukondleka okusebenzayo emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zithathwa njengabazingeli abanamakhono. Bangabamba inyoni encane, noma uvemvane. Uyakwazi ukugibela izihlahla uyofuna izidleke zezinyoni.
Uphuza amaqanda ezinyoni ngokwenza izimbobo emaqanda ngamazinyo akhe. Ngendlela efanayo, iminenke idliwa ngokuluma ngamagobolondo. Ngezikhathi zendlala nokuntuleka kokudla, amacala okuzingela ngisho nasegundwini lensimu eyimpunga ayaziwa. Isici esihlukile iqiniso lokuthi noma ngenani elikhulu lokudla kwezitshalo, imbewu nezithelo, badinga ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kokudla okuvela ezilwaneni. Uma izinduku zingadli inyama izinsuku ezingama-5-7, ziwela kwi-stupor.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Igumbi lokuphumula engadini
Ingadi yokulala kahle iholela kakhulu empilweni yobusuku. Izilwane zizingela futhi zithole ukudla, futhi, ebusuku. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi somshado, esikuyo inkathi yentwasahlobo-ihlobo, bangaba abakhuthele ngesikhathi sasemini. Izindonga zithathwa njengezilwane ezihlala zodwa. Amabhuzu wesikhashana esifushane akhiwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalelana. Kodwa-ke, baphila isikhathi esifushane.
Njengendawo yokuhlala, kanye ne-dormouse yamahlathi, bangakhetha izimbobo zegundane ezingenalutho, izikebhe zama-squirrel, izidleke zezinyoni, ukubola kwesihlahla okubolile. Imvamisa hlala phansi kophahla noma emijondolo yezakhiwo zokuhlala. Indlu inesakhiwo esiyindilinga. Ngokuhleleka kwayo, i-dormouse engadini isebenzisa izinto zemvelo ezahlukahlukene. Amagqabi, utshani, iminyuzi, izinwele zezilwane noma izimpaphe zezinyoni zilungele lokhu.
Ehlobo lonke, izilwane zidla kakhulu, zikhulisa izicubu ezinamafutha, futhi zihlomisa nemizi yazo. Ukusinda kwalesi silwane ngesikhathi hibernation kuncike ekutheni ikhaya liyobe lithembeke futhi ligcine kanjani. Ngokwezibalo, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu ifa eqandeni olunamandla, uma indawo yokuhlala ingafakelwe ngokwanele. Izinsizwa ezivela ebusika nelitha elilodwa ndawonye. Ngakho-ke kulula ngabo ukusinda ezimeni zendawo eyodwa yokuhlala, ukufudumeza omunye nomunye. Izingilazi ezilala ezingadini zilala, zigobile, zishaye amakhwapha, futhi zifihle nomsila wazo.
Pakati ekwindla, awela ekubandakanyeni, okuhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngesikhathi se-hibernation, izilwane zinciphisa zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic, izinga lokuphefumula, nokushaya ngamandla. Ngesikhathi hibernation, egumbini lokuphumula engadini yehle kuze kube yingxenye yesisindo somzimba wayo.
Babhekwa njengabazingeli abahle kakhulu. Amandla okusabela kanye nesivinini. AbakwaSony bayakwazi ukwenza isikhumbuzo esizwakalayo sokukhala kwezinambuzane. Umndeni obewuthathe uhambo ufana nomugqa omncane. Basuka ngokushesha belandelana.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Ingadi dormouse baby
Ngemuva kokuvalelwa isikhathi eside, isikhathi somshado siqala. Ngemuva kokushintshana, kujwayelekile ukuba izilwane zimake indawo futhi ziqoke indawo yazo. Isikhathi sokuzalela siqala maphakathi no-Ephreli futhi siqhubeka kuze kube ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Izinsikazi zivame ukuheha abesilisa besebenzisa imisindo ekhethekile efana nekhwelo lokuhlaba umkhosi.
Abesilisa, ngenxa yomsindo omkhulu onamandla, osuka enhliziyweni, bakhipha okuthile okufana nesimungulu. Uma abesilisa abaningana bezenza owesilisa oyedwa ngasikhathi sinye, bayaxosha omunye komunye, kwezinye izikhathi bangaluma. Isikhathi esithile abalala bengadi bangakha nomndeni. Ngemuva kokuphola, izinsikazi zishayela abesilisa noma ziphume zodwa endlini.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe amasonto amathathu. Njengoba ukuzala kusondela, insikazi iqala ukubheka indawo yokubeletha. Ukusuka kulokhu kucatshangwa, wakhe i-mink, imvamisa eminingana ngasikhathi sinye. Owesifazane oyedwa ukhiqiza ngesikhathi kusuka kumathathu amathathu kuya kwayisithupha. Inzalo ezelwe ayisizi ngalutho. Amawundlu awaboni, azizwa futhi akanayo ijazi.
Zonke ukunakekela inzalo ilele kumama. Uyabanakekela, abondle ubisi. Uma ezizwa eyingozi enzalweni, ngokushesha uyidlulisela endaweni ephephile yocevu lwentamo.
Emavikini la-3 ngemuva kwekutalwa, emawundlu avula emehlo abo. Ngemuva kwalokho, zikhula ngokushesha futhi zizuze isisindo somzimba. Ngemuva kwenyanga, kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, ukukhula okuncane kuqala ukuthola ngokuzimela ukuthola ukudla nokuzingela. Izingane ezikhulile zihamba ngezinyawo bese zisebenza ngefayela elilodwa lomama. Amawundlu okuqala anamathela ezinweleni zikamama ngamazinyo. Ukulandela ukubambelela kwamazinyo noma amazinyo komunye nomunye.
Esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka, insikazi evuthiwe izala amawundlu kabili. Lapho sebefinyelele ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala, baphila impilo ehlukile. Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila komuntu esimweni semvelo yiminyaka engu-4-6.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-bird sleepyheadentent
Muva nje, izinkumbi zabantu engadini ziye zancipha kakhulu. Kwezinye izifunda, le nhlobo isinyamalele ngokuphelele. Izilwane zibhalwe kwi-Red Book yamazwe aphesheya futhi zinikezwe isimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuphela. Ukuhlaselwa kwamagundane ampunga, kanye nezinyoni ezidla inyama, ihlathi nezindawo ezihlala ekhaya kuholela ekunciphiseni kwamanani. Imbangela enkulu yokuqothulwa kuthathwa njengemisebenzi yabantu. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuhlanzwa kwezihlahla eziqukethe izihlahla.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nobubanzi bangempela, indawo abahlala kuyo incishisiwe ngesigamu. Umuntu ubabhubhisa ngamanani amakhulu ngenxa yokuthi abeka engcupheni enkulu, njengabathwali bezifo ezithathelanayo. Enye imbangela yokubhujiswa kwabantu ngobuningi babo ngumonakalo abawudalayo emhlabeni wezolimo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu labantu liyabulawa yizithwathwa ezinzima ngesikhathi sokuqothuka. Okuyingozi kakhulu ngamagundane amancane ama-fluffy ayizikhova, ezihola indlela efanayo yobusuku. Bahamba bayokuzingela ebumnyameni, lapho igumbi lokuphumula engadini lisebenza kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, iningi labantu litholakala endaweni yasentshonalanga yeYurophu. Ikakhulu, iJalimane, Czech Republic, France. Izindandatho futhi zivamile eBelarus.
Ukuvikelwa Kwengadi Yegadi
Isithombe: Isihlalo sokulala engadini esivela eNcwadini ebomvu
Ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane kusho ukuvikelwa kwendlu yegadi emisebenzini yabantu. Lesi silwane sisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu yamazwe omhlaba. Kulokhu, ukubhujiswa kwesilwane nganoma yisiphi isizathu kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, azikho izindlela ezikhethekile zokulondolozwa nokwanda kwamanani ezenziwayo futhi ezenziwayo.
Ingadi yegumbi ngaphandle kakhulu kufana negundane elimpunga, elishintshe umbala wejazi. Imvamisa iqhathaniswa ne-squirrel ngenxa yobunyoninco bayo nekhono lokugxuma ngokushesha kumagatsha bese likhuphuka ezihlahleni.
Indawo yokuhlala engadini yegumbi
Ingadi yangaphakathi yegumbi ihlala kaningi emahlathini aminyene aqinile wezindawo eziphakemeyo, kodwa futhi angatholakala emahlathini e-coniffort asenyakatho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhetha ukuhlala ezivandeni, eduze kwezindlu zabantu, futhi ukusuka lapho kwavela igama - ingadi.AbakwaSony bagcwala kakhulu I-Asia Minor, iNyakatho Afrika, i-Altai, iChina, neJapan.
Iningi lalezi zilwane zilala phakathi nesikhathi sasemini, futhi eduze kokuhlwa ziphuma ezinhlungwini zazo. Ebusika, bayazikhandla, kungalesi sikhathi lapho umzimba wabo wehla khona, izinga lokushisa lomzimba lehle. Amaningi awo awazibekeli ubusika, kepha aphile ngamafutha anqwabelanayo, kanti amanye aqiniswa yiziqiwi zawo ngenkathi kuncibilika. Lezi zilwane zivame ukuba yizilwane ezifuywayo, kepha uma ubamba intambo enjalo, kuyothotshiswa umuntu omncane kuphela. Okubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi sony angithandi ukuthintwa, kepha kuthwelwe, mhlawumbe i-rodent izohlala ngokuzolile izingalo zayo.
Imikhuba ehlekisayo yegumbi lokuphumula engadini
Ukuheha umlingani, insikazi izimemezela ngekhwela elilodwa noma uchungechunge lwemisindo ephezulu. Ngemuva kokukhipha isibonakaliso, ikhanda lokulala engadini lithatha indawo “kwikholamu”, licindezela imilenze yangaphambili esifubeni, iqhwa futhi ilalele. Owesilisa, olizwile ikholi ye- “ntokazi,” uyaphendula.
Ekuhambeni, umndeni wezinsimbi zokulala engadini ushukunyiswa udwendwe olungafani nalutho - umcamelo, lapho izingane zinamathela khona ngamazinyo noma ngesihlakala kuboya besihlobo esingaphambili.
Igumbi lokuphumula engadini elingabonakali nelingagcwele lihlala eduze kwakho, kepha awusoze wambona.
Amandla okusebenzisa iningi lonyaka e-hibernation, nguSony ozobamba iqhaza ekuhlolweni kososayensi baseRussia emkhathini.
AbakwaSony benza umsindo ohlekisayo wokulinganisa, kwesinye isikhathi ofana nemisindo yezinambuzane.
Ungamgcina kanjani uSonya
Ekhaya, i-rodent enjalo kufanele igcinwe kuphela ekhejini lensimbi enetayitheni lensimbi elinamandla ngokuqinile. Lokhu akunzima ngaphezu kokugcina izindlu zezinye izindwani, ezidumile kakhulu.
Izidingo zekheji zibekwa phambili kunokuba zimbi kakhulu, ngoba uSonya uzobhekana ngokushesha nezinkuni ngisho nopulasitiki. Ngakho-ke, iseli kufanele libe yinsimbi kuphela. Ingathengwa esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo, i-oda ngokuqinile ngosayizi noma yenziwe nguwe. Ngenkathi ikheji lenzelwa, i-rodent ingagcinwa endaweni yokuhlala ejwayelekile, into esemqoka ukuthi igumbi elinjalo linomoya omncane.
Ikheji lezilwane ezincelisayo kufanele lifakwe i-feeder kanye ne-isiphuzo esiyiphuzo. Izinto zokwenziwa kwazo kumele zibe yinsimbi efanayo. Kufanele kube nokudla njalo kusixhaxha, namanzi kwisiphuzo. Ngesikhathi sokuvuka badla futhi baphuze kakhulu.
Sawdust noma izinkuni granular zingasetshenziswa njengoba udoti cage. Kufanele iguqulwe njalo ukuze ingamanzi. Ekhejini udinga ukuhlinzeka i-nook lapho ubuthongo bungacasha khona. Angalala kuphela endaweni ecashile.
Ukuze uthole indawo yokuhlala isikhashana, indlu eyenziwe ngokhuni noma indlu eyenziwe nguwe ebhokisini lekhadibhodi kufanelekile. Indawo yokukhosela iyoba yesikhashana, ngoba i-rodent izosibhubhisa ngokushesha. Kepha ngebhokisi lamakhadibhodi, njengendlu, ungazivivinya, futhi isikhathi ngasinye wenze konke okungcono futhi okuhle.
Ekheji lokuthola iringi, udinga ukwenza zonke izimo, njengasendalweni. Kufanele abe nesitebhisi, ishalofu, isihlahla angagijima kuso. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo enhle. Into ekhona wukuthi lesi silwane asilawulwa isifiso saso sokudla, futhi umetabolism okhethekile unesandla ekuqongeleleni kokulondolozwa kwamafutha. Udinga nje ukuhambisa okuningi.
Njengoba izinduku zihlanzekile kakhulu, “indlu” yazo kufanele ihlale ihlanzekile. Hlanza njalo isiphuzo nesiphuzo, njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3 udinga ukushintsha udoti osenkingeni. Ama-rodents anaka kakhulu uboya bawo obuthambile nobushelelezi - bawahlanze kaningana ngosuku. Lapho kunekheji, kufanele kungabikho okubhaliwe. Kufanele kube nemisebe yelanga eyanele, nokuphakama kwendawo yayo - ngezinga lamehlo abantu.
Izinsongo
Eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, inani lamakamelo okuhlala engadini e-Eastern Europe lehlile kakhulu futhi manje selingaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-50 ebanga langaphambili. Isizathu salokhu kuncishiswa asiqondakali ngokuphelele, kepha kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yezinguquko nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo. Ngenhlanhla, abantu baseNtshonalanga Yurophu babonakala bezinza. Kodwa-ke, kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi ukuncintisana ne-grey rat (iRattus norvegicus) kusongela ukujula kwengadi kwezinye izifunda, njengeCorsica. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezithile, lamagundane abhekwa njengezinambuzane.
