Okokuqala lapho ngibona i-pangolin (lat. Pholidota), unganquma ukuthi une-armadillo, kepha lezi yizilwane ezihluke ngokuphelele. Ama-pangolins izikhala zezilwane ezincelisayo eziningi zomhlaba. Igama lezibungu livela egameni elithi “pengguling”, elihunyushwe lisuka eMalawi lisho “ukugoqa ube yibhola”. Iqiniso ukuthi lapho kuvela ingozi, i-pangolin ivame ukugoqa ebholeni.
Igama langempela esiLatini lizwakala njengoPholidota. Izihlahla zalolu hlobo zivame ukuba nobude bomzimba ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-88, futhi ubukhulu bomsila wazo zivame ukuvumelana nosayizi womzimba uqobo. Isilwane esibonakalayo sihluke kakhulu ngokubukeka ezihlotsheni zaso.
Emhlabeni wonke kunezinhlobo eziyi-8 zalezi “dragon-hedgehogs” (asizibize ngokuzijabulisa). Ezinye zazo - Izinhlobo ezi-4 - zihlala engxenyeni eseNingizimu ne-Equatorial Africa, nakwezinye - e-Southeast Asia.
Uhlobo ngalunye luhlukile ngendlela yalo. Ngakho-ke, manje sizohamba ngokushesha ngezimpawu ezijwayelekile zama-pain, bese sikhuluma ngezinhlobo ngayinye ngokwahlukana.
Lezi zilwane zinomsila omude kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi zingadlula ubude bomzimba wesilwane. Umzimba wonke ongaphezulu, oqala maphakathi nesihlalo sokugcina futhi ophela ngomsila, umbozwe ngemigqa eminyene yamapuleti ezimpondo ngombala onsundu noma onsundu. Lokhu kulungiswa kwesikali kuvumela isilwane, yize sihamba kancane, ukuze sikhuphuke sibe yibhola. Ikhala kuphela, isisu kanye nengaphakathi lemilenze kuhlala “kungavikelekile”. Lawa mabala ambozwe ngoboya obufushane obungajwayelekile, obunzima.
Umkhawulo wangemuva we-flake ngayinye ukhonjisiwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zingaguga, kepha okusha kuvela endaweni yazo. Kulokhu, inani lama-flakes lihlala lingashintshiwe. Isembozo esinjengalesi "sodrako" senza imisebenzi yokuvikela kuphela futhi asinakwenza lutho ngesembozo sophondo lwezilwane ezihuqayo, ezinjengeengwenya.
Ama-pangolins adla kuphela izintuthwane nama-termite, okungenzeka ukuthi kungani ebukeka efana kancane nezintethe, ikakhulukazi isihlakala sendlebe nokuvula umlomo okuncane. Njengazo zonke izilwane ezinokudla okungavikeleki okunjalo, ulimi lwama-pangolin lude futhi lunamathele. Ubude bawo bube ngamasentimitha angama-40. Izicubu eziletha ulimi ezenzweni zidlulela esifubeni bese zifinyelela ku-pelvis.
Akanamazinyo, ngakho-ke, ukugaya ukudla okubukhoma, izindonga zesisu zimbozwe nge-epithelium keratinized enamahlumela ekeratinized. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, i-pangolin ingaginya amatshe amancane, nawo anomthelela ekunqumeni ukudla.
Bathola ukudla ngokubhidliza izindonga ze-anthill ngemilenze yabo egandayiwe enamandla. Kepha akupheleli lapho. Kuvela ukuthi amathe ama-pangolins akhanga kakhulu ezintuthwaneni, futhi agijimela kuye njengoju.
Amehlo amancane ambozwe izinkophe ezinde, ezivikela kakhulu ekuhlaselweni yizintuthwane kanye namaantshontsho. Isilozi akudingeki sibheke ekuboneni nasekuzweni, kepha iphunga laso lihle kakhulu.
Ama-pangolin ayizilwane zasebusuku. Zihlala emigodini ejulile noma emigodini. Ezinye izinhlobo zigibela izihlahla kahle. Zihamba kancane - azidluli i-3.5 - 5 km / h. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuvela usongo, bagoba ibhola bese bemboza amakhanda abo ngomsila onamandla. Ukuze ubasebenzise kuzodinga amandla anele kanye nobuchopho. Izidlakela ezinkulu kuphela nezinamandla, njengezingwe noma amahlosi, ezingenza lokhu. Enye indlela evikelekile ye-pangolin yimfihlo enuka kahle ekhishwa kwizinduna zezitho.
Lezi zilwane zinesizungu, kuphela kwesinye isikhathi lapho ungahlangana khona nowesifazane une -inyane elincane ngemuva kwakhe. Amaqabunga alethwa kanye ngonyaka, ngokuvamile ebusika. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-4-5. Ama-painol ase-Afrika ajwayele ukuzala ama-1 cub, kuthi lawo ase-Asia asuke ku-1 kuye ku-3. Ingane izalwa ikhule kahle, kepha ingenazinwele futhi inama-bristles athambile, aqala ukuba lukhuni ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, isikhathi sokuqala sokuphila kwabo, amawundlu e-pangolin adla obisini lukamama, kuthi emva kwenyanga aguqukele ekudleni okukuphilayo. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, umama ufihla ingane yakhe ngokushesha "kwindandatho" yomzimba wakhe.
Ukuhlatshwa kwenhliziyo kufaka okuwukuphela komndeni uLizard (Manidae) nohlobo lwesimanje, lapho kunezinhlobo ezingama-8, manje sizokwazi ukwazi ngamunye wabo. Ukuqala, cabanga ngama "Afrika" (labo abahlala eNingizimu noma e-Equatorial Africa):
1. I-Raptor Emude Egcwele Ithayi (I-Uromanis tetradactyla) Kuhlala izihlahla ezihlahleni zemvula zaseNtshonalanga Afrika. Inomsila omude kakhulu phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Ubude bomzimba bungama-30-40 cm, kanti umsila ungama-60-70 cm.
2. Giator Raptor (I-Smutsia gigantea) Okukhulu kunakho konke. Ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-75-80 cm, kanti nomsila ungamasentimitha angama-50-65. Amapuleti ezimpondo makhulu impela. Ngokungafani nesibungu esinezindebe ezinde, sincamela ukuhlala phansi futhi sitshale imisele. Ihlala eCentral nase West Africa.
3. I-Raptor enamabala amhlophe (Phataginus tricuspis) Ubude bomzimba bungama-35-45 cm, umsila ungamasentimitha angama-40-50. Ukusuka egameni kuyacaca ukuthi izinwele ezisebusweni bakhe zikhanya. Futhi, le nhlobo ihlukaniswa yizikali ezincane ezinama-spikes amancane. Ihlala emahlathini aseNtshonalanga naseCentral Africa. Ukuphila ezihlahleni.
ISteppe Raptor (I-Smutsia temminckii) Eshesha kakhulu futhi esingandile kunazo zonke kwezinhlobo eziyi-8. Indawo yokuhlala izitebhisi nama-savannas aseMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika. Ukulungiselela ukuhlala phansi.
Hhayi, manje izinhlobo ezitholakala eSouthwest Asia:
1. UPhilippine Raptor (Manis culionensis) Ihlala kuphela eziqhingini eziningana zasePhilippine eziyingxenye yesifundazwe sasePalawan.
2. I-Indian Raptor (Manis crassicaudata) Ukuphela kwezinhlobo ezimba imigodi ejulile eziphelela egumbini lokudlela. Ukuphila, njengoba ubuvele uqonde, eNdiya. Ubude bomzimba - 60-65 cm, ubude bomsila - cm- 45-50. Kutholwe izikali ezinkulu zombala onsundu omnyama.
3. IJavanese Raptor (Manis javanica) Izwa imnandi yomqhele omnyama wezihlahla nasemhlabathini opholile. Inendawo yokuhlala enkulu impela. Ungahlangana naye enhlonhlo yaseMalacca, e-Indochina nase Indonesia. Imbozwe ngezikali eziphakathi nendawo nobukhulu obudayiwe.
4. Kutholwe iRaptor (Manis pentadactyla) Nginegama layo lama-auricles athuthuke kakhulu. Ukuphila emahlathini aseNepal, South China naseNyakatho India. Ithanda umhlabathi oqinile ngaphansi kwezinyawo zayo, kodwa futhi ingakhuphuka izihlahla uma kunesidingo. Ubude bomzimba - 50-60 cm, umsila - 30-40 cm.
Ukubukeka kwabo okungajwayelekile kuye kwaba njengezithiyo ezinhle kakhulu zabantu. Abantu bendawo abazibambezeli kangako inyama, enambitha njengengulube, kepha ingxenye enkulu yezikali zamagobolondo nesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu bathi amandla abo ayisimangaliso amapuleti ezimpondo zabo - ukuvikelwa ekuhlaselweni ngamabhubesi, nabanye - ukuvikeleka kubuthakathi nezifo.
Ngo-2012, izikhulu zaseThailand zibheka i-pangolin ngesikhathi kuqhubeka ingqungquthela nabezindaba eBangkok, eThailand. Iziphathimandla zeSiko zisindise ama-pangolins asengozini yokubekeka ngenani eliphelele lama- $ 46,000, abebezolikhipha ezweni badle. (I-Apichart Weerawong / I-Associated Press)
Ama-pangolins amabili asindisiwe ahleli kubhasikidi, eBangkok, eThailand. (USakchai Lalit / I-Associated Press)
Ama-pangolin akwazi ukuma kalula emilenzeni yawo yangasemuva ukuze abe nombono omuhle wesimo sendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusekelwa kwabo okuyinhloko kungumsila. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, i-pangolin ibangela ukusabela okuvikelayo. Abagcini nje kuphela ebholeni, kodwa futhi bakhipha nephunga elingathandeki elisebenza ukwesabisa isitha. Uma i-pangolin isonteke yaba yibhola, kuzovele kube nzima ukuyiphaka.
IPangolin kunzima kakhulu ukuyigcina isethunjiwe, ngoba ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-dinosaurs izinambuzane zezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela. Esiswini sesibungu kungaba kusuka ku-150 kuya ku-2000 g wezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane nezintwala.