AmaButterflies Brazhniki - Abamele Bright yezwe elikhulu izinambuzane. Zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ama-hummingbirds asenyakatho" noma ama-sphinxes ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu nangendlela ethile engajwayelekile yokudla.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinundu, ngayinye yazo inombala wayo ohlukile, iphethini ekhethekile ebusweni bamaphiko nangemuva. Ngakho-ke, uvemvane uwuhlobo lwe-bog-hawk olunombala obomvu, njengewayini elimnyama, elibomvu, nekhanda elifile likaBrahnik linomfanekiso emhlane walo obukeka njengesigaxa sangempela.

Umbala we uvemvane uya ngokuya ngohlobo lwezimila okuhlala kulo, indlela edliwayo. Ama-Brazhnikov amaningi anombala ogqamile, iphethini lemivimbo engu-oblique ngemuva ingemuva elikhanyayo elinamabala amakhulu ngesimo samehlo amakhulu emuva.

Esithombeni, i-hawk isekhanda efile.

Izici nesimo sendawo uvemvane

I-Hornwort iyibhabhathane elikhulu kakhulu, elisindayo elinomzimba onamandla, omise okomhlana namaphiko amade, ubude balo bufika ku-35 - 175 mm. Izimpethu zawo wonke amaBrazhnikov zinde, zenziwe ngesimo somcibisholo, nesihloko esikhombe phezulu.

Amehlo aluhlaza oyindilinga, avulekile ambozwe amashiya aqinile avela phezulu. I-proboscis iqinile, imvama kakhulu kunomzimba. Ama-paws afakwe imigqa eminingana yama-spikes aqinile. Isisu saseBrazilhnika simbozwe esikalini, esilingana nesiphetho ngebhulashi noma ibhulashi ebanzi.

Izimpiko zangaphambili uvemvane zinkulu, zine-apex ekhombe phezulu, eceleni komphetho wangaphandle nazo zenziwe noma ziqoshwe. Izimpiko zangemuva zincane kancane, zithakwa emaphethelweni ongemuva, futhi zibe no notch ongekude ekugcineni.

Amacimbi ama-Brazhnikov angatholakala kumahlamvu ama-elm, ama-birch, ama-linden, ama-alder, ama-chestnut amancane, i-apula, i-pear kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. Izithombe ze-Brazhnik izimvemvane zingabonakala kule ndatshana, kepha izimvemvane ezibukhoma zihle kakhulu.

Isimilo nokuphila kwendlela izimvemvane

Emvelweni, inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zamaBrazhniks lihlala. Zonke ziphila impilo esebenzayo ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku: ezinye ntambama, ezinye ebusuku, ezinye kusihlwa noma ekuseni kakhulu. Eziningi zalezi zinhlobo zamaBrazhnik zithathwa njengezinqabile, zibhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu.

IBrazilhnik indiza ngokushesha okukhulu, endizeni ifana nendiza ye-jet indiza enomuntu ophansi we-hum. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokushayeka kwamaphiko kakhulu njalo, ngomzuzwana lesi sinambuzane senza amafushane angama-52.

Abaningi Izinhlobo zeBrazhnikov ifana nezinyoni ezincane ezifana Oleander hawk, Inhloko efile, i-Ordinary Yazyk neWine Hogwarts, bahamba amabanga amade lapho indiza isuka ezwenikazi iye kwelinye izwekazi noma isuka komunye umkhawulo wezwe uye kwelinye.

Esithombeni oleander brazhnik

Izithombe ezinebhabhathane zihlala zikhanya futhi zibukeka. Ophthalmic hawthorn iphiko langaphambili lika-32-42 mm ubude, linamaphiko ama-64-82 mm. Izimpiko zangaphambili uvemvane zinwetshwe ngaphezulu, nginamaphethelo oqoshwe engxenyeni engezansi, ngopende onsundu ngamaphethini amnyama amnyama.

Ngemuva kweBrazilhnik kuhlotshiswe ngentambo ebanzi, emdaka onsundu. Izimpiko zangemuva ezingaphansi komzimba we uvemvane zibomvana ngokubomvu, ngaphandle kwalesi sici amabala amakhulu abonakala efana namehlo amnyama ngendandatho eluhlaza ngaphakathi. Amadevu wesinambuzane ahlanganisiwe.

Ugwayi Hogwash uhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika, kwenzeka ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ye-USA. Kubhekwa njengesifo sokudla kwezihlahla zikagwayi, ngoba leli siko lingukudla okuyinhloko kwezimbungulu zezinambuzane. Esiswini, le hawthorn inephethini elihehayo, elinamabili ayisithupha ezigcawu ezibomvu - ophuzi.

Esithombeni, ugwayi wahlukaniswa

Kubanjwe uLinden inamaphiko angama-62 kuya ku-80 mm. Imiphetho yamaphiko ayo angaphambili ahlanganiselwe. Umbala wamaphiko ucwebezela kusuka ku-olive eluhlaza kuya kubomvu. Kulesi sizinda, kuphakama izindawo ezimbili ezinkulu, ezingahambelani, ezixhunyaniswe ngokuhlangana.

Izimpiko zangendondo ziwolintshi ngentambo emnyama. Isibungu saleli uvemvane siluhlaza ngemithende ebomvu emaceleni, ipupa elimnyama lihlala ubusika emhlabathini. IButterfly ihlala emahlathini aqatha eYurophu naseSiberia eNtshonalanga, ezivandeni zase-Asia Minor naseCaucasus. Indiza esebenzayo ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kwesinye isikhathi ekwindla yokuqala, kungavela isizukulwane sesibili sezinambuzane.

Ibhotela hawthorn

Iningi labantu baseBrazhnikov badla umpe wezimbali, kanti abahlali imbali, kepha bancanyele bese bancela umpe nge-proboscis ende. Le ndiza ibhekwa njengeyinzima kakhulu, iyi-aerobatics, hhayi zonke izinambuzane ezinayo, kepha ayifaki isandla ekungcolisweni kwezitshalo.

Amanye amaBrazhniki akhetha ukusebenzisa uju lwezinyosi. Ngakho-ke uvemvane Ikhanda elifile ligebha izifuba ngempela ebusuku, ligwedla ngaphezulu kwalo futhi lilingise ukubhejwa kwenyosi, lingene esidlekeni, lihoboze izinyosi zezinyosi ngesiqu esinamandla bese limunca uju.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Izimvemvane zeBrazilhniki ziphila izinsuku eziningana, isikhathi sokuphila kwazo kuncike ezinqolobaneni eziqoqwe ngumzimba esigabeni sezibungu. Umjikelezo wokuphila wonke ucishe ube yizinsuku ezingama-30-45, ngesikhathi sasehlobo izizukulwane ezimbili zezinambuzane zikhula.

Ama-Hogwarts ayizinambuzane ezinomjikelezo ophelele wokuguqulwa. Sinezigaba ezi-4: iqanda, izibungu (noma isibungu), i-chrysalis, uvemvane - isinambuzane esidala. Ama-pheromones, atholakala phansi yizitho zensikazi, asiza owesilisa ukuthola pair wezinhlobo zakhe.

Izinambuzane ezivuthanayo zihlala imizuzu engama-23 ziye emahoreni athile, lapho abalingani behlala bezwana ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho insikazi icishe ibeke amaqanda avundisiwe ngokushesha, ku-clutch kunezingcezu ezifika ku-1000 ku-clutch, kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo.

Ikhokho

Ama-testes anamathela ezitshalweni lapho kunokudla okwanele kwezimbungulu. Ama-Brazil Crestpillars avele ngosuku lwe-2-4. Ziyasebenza kakhulu, zidla umoya-mpilo omningi nokudla, okuzivumela ukuba zikhule futhi zikhule ngokushesha.

Amakhethini we-shredderhog alungele ngokuphelele ukusinda: ezinye izinhlobo zinemibala ekhanyayo, izinwele ezinde futhi ezilukhuni, ezinye zifaka umbala wombala ophakathi nendawo, omiselwe umumo womzimba, ezinye zikhipha iphunga elingathandeki ngenxa yokugcwala kwezinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni.

Iningi lazo lidla emaqabungeni alezo zitshalo ebezinamathele kuzo. Amahlathi nezingadi akulethi ukulimala okuningi kweziqubu zeBrazhnik, ngoba zidla kuphela amaqabunga amancane. Zisebenza ikakhulukazi kusihlwa nasebusuku.

Lapho sesithole amandla anele nezakhi zomzimba, lesi sikhonyane singena emhlabathini bese sithambisa lapho. At chrysalis pupae ngezansi kumi uphondo oluncane, cishe olunalo lonke uhlobo lwenhlobo.

Isigaba se-pupal sithatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-18, lapho kwenzeka khona ushintsho olukhulu - i-metamorphosis ephelele yomzimba, ukuguqulwa okumangalisayo kwesibungu sikaBrazilhnik kube uvemvane oluhle lwabantu abadala.

Isinambuzane esivuthiwe siyadedelwa ngokuzimele kukhukhu owomile, sisakaze amaphiko aso bese siwomile. Ngemuva kokuthola ithuba lokundiza, uvemvane luhamba ngokushesha luyofuna umlingani ocansini, ukuze umjikelezo wempilo walesi sidalwa ungaphazanyiswa.

Izinhlobo eziningi zamaBrazhnik zisencwadini ebomvu yaseRussia, kanye nasezincwadini ezibomvu zesifunda. Lezi zinambuzane zichitha ukhula oluningi futhi zimane zihlobise umhlaba wethu.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: IButterfly hawthorn

I-butterhnik butterfly ingeyizinambuzane ze-arthropod, yabelwa i-oda Lepidoptera, umndeni wezikhuluphesi. Igama lenye yezinsizakalo ezaziwa kakhulu ze-hawthorn ezinekhanda efile. Lokhu kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi isithombe esifana nokwakheka kwegebhezi sisetshenziswa engaphandle kwekhanda. Yileli bhabhathane eliyiqhawe lezinganekwane nezinkolelo eziningi ezinganekwane.

Uhlobo lwafundwa futhi lwachazwa ngekhulu lama-20 ngusosayensi uHeinrich Prell. Lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane luhlale lubangela inzalo engakaze ibonwe. Lezi zimvemvane ezikhathini zasendulo zazibhekwa njengezithunywa zezinkinga nezimpawu zokwehluleka nezifo. Abantu babekholelwa ukuthi uma izinambuzane ezinikezwe kungazelelwe zingena endaweni yokuhlala yomuntu, khona-ke ukufa kuzofika lapha kungekudala. Kwakukhona nesibonakaliso esinjengalesi: uma inhlayiya yephiko ingena esweni, khona-ke ngokushesha lowo muntu uzobe engaboni futhi angaboni.

Incazelo

Izimvemvane ezinkulu ezinobukhulu noma obuphakathi, ezinomzimba onamandla, ovame ukukhonjwa ekugcineni namaphiko amancanyana, amade. I-Wingspan 30-175 mm, ezinhlotsheni eziningi ama-80-100 mm. I-Antennae yinde, i-fusiform, imvamisa ine-apex ebonisiwe ne-ho-like. Amehlo ayindilinga, angenalutho, ambozwe ngaphezulu ngenhla ngesikali esikude. I-proboscis imvamisa yinde kakhulu, izikhathi eziningana yinde kunobude bomzimba, incane kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi iyancishiswa. I-proboscis ende kunazo zonke phakathi kwama-hawks (nazo zonke izinambuzane) isezinhlotsheni zaseNingizimu Melika Amphimoea walkeri - Ubude bawo bufika kumasentimitha angama-28, obude obuphindwe kane kunomzimba wonke. Izindlawuzane zeLabial zikhule kahle, zigobe phezulu, zimbozwe ngamazenga ngaphandle, zivame ukugoba ngaphakathi. Amawashi aphethe imigqa eminingana emifushane eqinile. Isisu simbozwe izikali eziseduze eziqoqwe ekugcineni ngesimo sebhulashi noma ibhulashi elibanzi. Izimpiko zangaphambili zingaphezulu kwezikhathi ezi-2 ubude kunobubanzi bazo, nge-apex ephinwe. Unqenqema lwangaphandle lukhona noma lubunjiwe, ngokusikeka okujulile phakathi kwemithambo, kufakwe ngokuqinile emaphethelweni wangemuva, kwesinye isikhathi esiyindilinga. Izimpiko zangemuva zivame ubude bezikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1.5 kunobubanzi, zibunjiwe njengemajini engemuva, ezinombala ongashisi eceleni komugqa wangaphandle ophambi kwe-anal angle. Igwegwe livame ukuthuthuka kahle, kwesinye isikhathi libe yindelelo.

Ama-moths we-twilight ne-nocturnal moth, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zingamaphisi asemanzini (I-Macroglossum stellatarum) kanye nezibumbu (Hemaris) ukundiza kuphela phakathi nosuku. I-Szhekodina ehlanganisiwe noma yamagilebhisi amancane (Sphecodina caudata) esebenzayo ekuseni. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, izinhlobo eziningi zinikeza isizukulwane esingu-1 ngonyaka, ngokungaphansi kaningi - izizukulwane ezi-2.

Amakhethini makhulu impela, anamabili ngamabili wemilenze. Umbala ukhanya impela, unemivimbo e-oblique kanye namabala ngendlela yeso. Amakhethini akhula ikakhulukazi ezihlahleni zezihlahla nezihlahla, eziningi kakhulu - ezitshalweni ezinotshani, abonakala ngokukhetha ukudla okuncane futhi kuvame kakhulu ukondla kwisitshalo esisodwa noma ezimbalwa ezihlobene kakhulu; izinhlobo ze-polyphagous azivamile phakathi kwama-mothworms. Izinhlobo ezithile zaziwa njengezinambuzane ezolimo nezamahlathi. Emahlathini, ama-conifers ahlukahlukene nezinhlobo ezinwebekile ezibanzi zonakaliswa kancane, ezivandeni, izithelo nezithelo zamatshe. Ekupheleni komzimba wesibungu kukhona cishe njalo ukukhula okunotha okubonakalayo - "uphondo". Amakhethini ayasebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku.

I-pupa ihlukaniswa yukuthi ekugcineni engemuva kwayo inokuphakama ngesimo sophondo, okuncishwa izidalwa ezimbalwa kuphela.

Ividiyo: Butterfly

E-atoases ye-zoological, uvemvane i-brazhnik utholakala ngaphansi kwegama le-acherontia atropos. Lihunyushwe lisuka kwisiLatin, igama lale uvemvane lifanekisela igama lomunye wemithombo yamanzi yombuso wabafi. Ekuqaleni, izazi zezilwane zazikholelwa ukuthi izimvemvane zavela emhlabeni emuva kokuvela kwezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono awuzange uqinisekiswe kamuva. Ukusungula isikhathi esiqondile sokuvela kwamavemvane emhlabeni kuyinkinga. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iLepidoptera inomzimba obuthakathaka.

Ukutholwa kwezinsalela zokhokho basendulo zezimvemvane zesimanje ziyi-rarity. Ubukhulu becala batholakala bezingcezu ze-resin noma i-amber. Ukutholwa kwasendulo kakhulu kokhokho basendulo beLepidoptera yanamuhla bangemva kweminyaka eyi-140-180 yezigidi edlule. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bathi imvemvane yokuqala yakudala, efana nezinundu ngokubukeka, yavela emhlabeni eminyakeni engaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-280 edlule. Lolu hlobo uvemvane luhlukaniswe lwaba inombolo enkulu yama-subspecies, ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Isithombe: Uvemvane olufana ne-hawthorn olufana ne-hawthorn

Ama-Hornworms abhekwa njengezinambuzane ezinkulu futhi anezici zokuphawuleka.

Izimpawu zalolu hlobo lweLepidoptera:

• isibumbu esikhulu
• amaphiko amade amancanyana. Kulokhu, i-front front yamaphiko yinde kakhulu kunebhali elingemuva. Ekuphumuleni, iningi lamaphiko aphansi lifihlekile ngaphansi kwelincane, noma aligojwe ngendlela yendlu,
• imisipha ngaphandle kobuhlalu obuyindilinga ekugcineni,
• umzimba unomhlobiso ofana nengqondo yamagxolo ezihlahla.

Izimpiko zalezivemvane zisukela kumasentimitha amathathu kuya kwayi-10. Ubude bomzimba ngamasentimitha ayi-10-11. Kulolu hlobo lweLepidoptera, i-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa. Izinsikazi zikhulu kancanyana kunabesilisa. Isisindo sowesifazane oyedwa osekhulile singama-3-9 amagremu, owesilisa - 2-7 amagremu.

Usayizi, isisindo somzimba nombala kunqunywa kakhulu yi-subspecies. Isibonelo, ummeleli omkhulu walolu hlobo ngu-antaeus. Amaphiko ayo ngamasentimitha ayi-16-17. Elincane kunazo zonke lingunogwaja obuncane. Izimpiko zephiko lakhe azidluli ku-2-3 mm. I-Wine Hogwarts ine-hume ehlukile ebomvu emnyama. Umbala ubuye unqunywe ikakhulu yisifunda sendawo yokuhlala kanye nokudla.

Uvemvane ine-antennae, engaba ngobude obuhlukahlukene, ifuster noma ifakwe induku. Zikhonjwa futhi zigobile. Kwabesilisa, banzi kakhulu kunabesifazane. Izinto ezisetshenziswa ngomlomo zephawuni zimelelwa yi-proboscis ende, emincane. Ubude bawo bungaba kaningakanani usayizi womzimba, futhi bufika kumasentimitha ayi-15-17. I-proboscis ende kunazo zonke yi-hawk yaseMadagascar, ubude bayo budlula amasentimitha angama-30. Kokunye okungaphansi, kufushane noma kwakhiwa ngaphansi. Esikhathini lapho izimvemvane zingadli, zimane nje zigoqiwe kwishubhu.

Ezindebeni zezimvemvane kukhona izingulube ezikhule kahle, ezigoqwe futhi zimbozwe isikali. Lesi sinambuzane sinamehlo anzima, ayindilinga amakhulu. Zimbozwe kancane ngamashiya amnyama. Izindawo ezikhethekile zenzelwa ubuhlakani zakhiwa ezingxenyeni zombono. Ngosizo lwabo, izinambuzane azihlukanisi imibala kuphela, kodwa futhi zikwazi ukubamba imisebe engabonakali ye-infrared. Umzimba walesi sinambuzane simbozwe umdweshu obukhulu obukhulu. Ekupheleni komzimba, ama-villi aqoqwa ngebhulashi noma ngogwadule. Izinambuzane zithuthukise imisipha ye-pectoral impela, ngenxa yokuthi zingathuthukisa ijubane lendiza ephezulu.

Luhlala kuphi uvemvane lwe-hawthorn?

Isithombe: uvemvane lweHedgehog ngokwemvelo

Lolu hlobo lwe-lepidopteran lungezinambuzane ze-thermophilic. Yize kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokubhaliswa, iningi lazo ligxile emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ezinye izingxenyana ezitholakala endaweni ethambile yomhlaba.

Isifunda sendawo yokuhlala:

Ensimini yaseRussia azikho izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwamashumi amahlanu. Izinhlobo eziningi zezimvemvane zikhetha izindawo ezinotshani obukhulu njengendawo yokuhlala. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okuncane okuhlala ezifundeni eziwugwadule zase-Eurasia. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-hawthorn zithathwa njengamavemvane asebusuku. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nosuku, zitholakala ikakhulu emagxolweni ezihlahla, ezihlahleni.

Ama-Hogwarts ayizinambuzane ezinegazi elibandayo, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokundiza azulise amaphiko awo isikhathi eside futhi ngokushesha, afudumele umzimba ekushiseni okufisayo. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, ama-Hawks andiza unyaka wonke. Ezindongeni ezifudumele, zibekezelela ubusika esigabeni se-pupal. Ukuze uphile ngaphansi kwezimo zamakhaza azayo, i-pupa ifihla emhlabathini noma emhlabathini.

Ezinye izinhlobo ziyafuduka lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo emazweni afudumele. Kunezinhlobo zezilwane, ngokuphambene nalokho, ezifuduka ngokuqala kwehlobo ziya ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ezengeziwe. Ukufuduka kuhlangene hhayi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuphela, kepha futhi nokwanda kwendawo. Ezifundeni ezintsha, zakha amakoloni esikhashana futhi zizalele inzalo.

Manje uyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi ibhabhathane le-brazhnik, ake sizwe ukuthi lidlani.

Yini edla i-butterfly hawthorn?

Isithombe: IButterfly hawthorn

Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwabadala i-nectar yezimbali, enothile kuma-carbohydrate. Ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi sokuphila kukamvemvane siphile isikhathi esifushane, uqongelela umthombo omkhulu wamaprotheni ngesikhathi sawo ngendlela yesibungu. ILepidoptera ithanda ukudla umpe wezinhlobo zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, kuya ngohlobo nesigaba sokukhula.

Yini engasebenza njengomthombo wokudla:

• indwayimane,
• ulwandle lwenhlazi yasemanzini,
• lilac,
• okusajingijolo,
• dope,
• i-belladonna,
• izihlahla zezithelo - iplamu, i-cherry, isihlahla sama-apula,
• jasmine,
• utamatisi
• umpetha omuhle kakhulu,
• amagilebhisi
• ukukhafula,
• oki.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Isibungu se-hawthorn kagwayi sibhekwa njengesiyingozi, ngoba sidla amaqabunga kagwayi futhi siqoqana nezinto ezinobuthi esitshalweni. Inombala othize, okesabisa izinyoni ezidla inyama, futhi ikwazi nokukhipha i-butting, yenze imisindo ethile.

Kunezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezikwazi ukudla uju, zikhuphukele esidlekeni. Ngokumangazayo, lesi sinambuzane siyakwazi ukujabulela amaswidi futhi sihlale siphephile ngokuphelele futhi sinomsindo. Bayakwazi ukwenza imisindo efana ne-bee buzz. I-proboscis eqinile isiza ukubhoboza kalula uluju lwezinyosi.

IBrazilhniki inendlela eyinqayizivele yokudla. Babambelela phezu kwesitshalo futhi ngosizo lwesiqu eside bancela umpe omnandi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi asikho esinye isinambuzane esinekhono elinjalo. Ngale ndlela yokondla izinambuzane azivundeli izitshalo.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: uvemvane olunophondo ekundizeni

Emvelweni, kunenombolo enkulu yama-subspecies hawthorn. Ngayinye yezinsizakusebenza ibonakala ngomsebenzi esikhathini esihlukile sosuku. Kukhona onogada abathanda ukuhola indlela yobusuku, ntambama noma indlela yokuphila. Lezi zinhlobo zezimvemvane zivame ukukhulisa ijubane lendiza ephezulu. Ngesikhathi indiza, yenza umsindo oqondile, okhumbuza lokho okuzwakalayo kwendiza yendiza.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ijubane eliphakeme lokundiza lihlinzekelwa ngokushaywa ngokushesha kwamaphiko. Uvemvane lenza imivimbo engaphezu kwayi-50 ngomzuzwana!

Ezinye izimvemvane zibukeka njengezinyoni ezincane. Ziyakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amakhulu, zindiza zisuka komunye umkhawulo wezwe ziya komunye, noma zivela ezwenikazi ziye ezwenikazi.

Lezi zinhlobo zezimvemvane zibonakaliswa indlela ethile yokondla. Ngenxa yesisindo esikhulu kunalokho, akuyona yonke imbali ekwazi ukumelana novemvane. Ngenxa yalokhu, balengiswa phezu kwesitshalo futhi bamunce umpe nge-proboscis ende. Indiza isuka kwesinye isitshalo iye kwesinye ize igcwale ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kokuthi uvemvane lwanelise ukulamba, luyandiza, luzulazula kancane luhlangothini.

Ezinye izinhlobo zamaphisi, kufaka phakathi "ikhanda elifile" ngesikhathi sokusondela kwengozi, likhipha umsindo ophathekayo ofana nokukhala okukhulu. Bayakwazi ukwenza imisindo enjalo babonge umoya okhishwe emathunjini angaphandle, okufaka isandla ekudlidlizelweni kwemigoqo yezinsimbi zomlomo.

Izici nendlela yokuphila

Ukuqonda kanjani ukuthi phambi kwakho kuyibhungane le-brazhnik? Naka izici zayo:

• Abantu abadala bangaba ngu-11 cm ubude, kuyilapho i-proboscis ingafika ku-10 cm.
• Ijubane le-hawk lifinyelela ku-50 km ngehora.
• Ama-Butterflies anombala omuhle kakhulu.
• Isibalo se-hawthorn sifinyelela ku-12,5 cm.
• Uphondo luza ngemibala ehlukene ngokuya ngohlobo lwesinambuzane.
• Ngaphambi kokuguqula i-pupae ibe uvemvane, kwenzeka umbala wokushintsha kombala.
• IBrazilhnik ibukeka njengesidalwa esihlukile - "isambatho" sayo singejwayelekile.

Ingabe kufanelekile ukwesaba i-hawk kubahlali behlobo?

Isisekelo sokudla kwalesi zinhlobo umpe omnandi.. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni lapho kunezimbali eziningi nezihlahlana eziningi, zivame kakhulu. Ungabona ukuthi ibhungane libonakala kanjani ligwedla phezu kwembali esehlathini lezimbali. Zivelakancane kakhulu engadini - kuvame ukuqoshwa amacala angawodwa. Usayizi wesibalo uguquke njalo ngonyaka futhi kuncike kakhulu esimweni sezulu. Ngakho-ke eminyakeni ebandayo, kunezinambuzane ezimbalwa ezimbalwa, futhi ekufudumaleni inani lezinambuzane landa kakhulu.

Amakhethini awadali umonakalo omkhulu ekutshaleni - adla ngamaqabunga asemasha, kepha hhayi ngezinga elikhulu, ukuze izitshalo zilulame ngokushesha. Ukuqongelela izinambuzane ezinjalo kungukutholakala. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona isibungu, khona-ke akufanele ukhathazeke ngesilimo, kungcono ukusisusa ngokucophelela kusuka kusayithi lakho uye endaweni yokuma, ngoba lesi sinambuzane sikleliswe eNcwadini ebomvu.

Ukudla

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kukholelwa ukuthi inundu le brazhnik liyisidambisi sezinkinga ezinkulu. Okungenzeka ukuthi isizathu salokho kwesaba okukhohlakele nobutha kulele ekubonakaleni uvemvane. Ngemuva kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo ungabona iphethini emangazayo - kube sengathi kubonakaliswa ugebhezi kanye namathambo omgwaqo emzimbeni. Ukuze ubone ukuthi i-hawk-moth ibukeka kanjani, ungasesha izithombe ngombuzo "isithombe se-moth-hawthorn. Isizathu sesibili esiveze ukuqagela okuningi ukuphefumula okungathandeki kwesinambuzane.

I-Brazhniki kusiko

Kubantu abanezinkolelo-ze, ukuhlangana ne-hawk kuwumcimbi owesabekayo. Uvemvane olubizwa ngokuthi "inhloko efile" lwaba yi-heroine yezinganekwane nezindaba ezi-creepy. Lesi sinambuzane kuthiwa sinesifo, ukufa, ngisho nempi. Ezinye izinkolelo zisaphila - ngakho-ke abantu baseMexico bakholelwa ukuthi uma i-Flake evela ephikweni lukaphisi ngephutha ingena iso, ungahamba ungaboni.

Izethenjwa zovemvane ezethusayo zingatholakala ezincwadini nakumafilimu. Ngakho-ke ku-movie ethi "Ukuthula Kwamawundlu" kaJonathan Demmy, umdidiyeli ubeka unodoli wabazizisulu emlonyeni wakhe. Ku-inoveli, ngokusho ukuthi ifilimu yadutshulwa, kukhethwe olunye uhlobo - i-Acherontia styx, kodwa kule filimu sibona ikhanda le-hawk-moth efile.

U-Edgar Allan Poe ukhuluma ngaleli bhabhathane endabeni yakwaSphinx - kukhona lesi sinambuzane esigaxwe kuwebhu ewindini. U-Alexander Belyaev ukhuluma ngesithombe esifanayo esikhanyayo endabeni ethi Head Dead.

Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe, uVan Gogh ubize "iBrahnik ikhanda efile." Kodwa-ke, waveza ngephutha elinye uvemvane elibizwa ngokuthi iPeacock-eye pearl. Lo mdwebo wanikezwa igama elisha eMnyuziyamu we-Artist e-Amsterdam, waliqamba kabusha ngokuthi "Imperial Butterfly."

Kuhlala isikhathi eside kangakanani lokhu uvemvane?

Isinambuzane lesi asihlali isikhathi eside. Umjikelezo wayo wokuphila uqukethe izigaba ezine. Okokuqala, insikazi kufanele ibeke iqanda, lapho kuvela khona izibungu ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-4. Isibungu siphenduka i-chrysalis, kamuva kuzalwa umuntu omdala. Ukuheha ukunakwa kwabesilisa, kukhululwa i-pheromone ekhethekile. Ngemuva kokuzalela, okuthatha amahora amaningi, uvemvane ubeka amaqanda ezitshalweni.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zinambuzane siyehluka ngokuya ngezinhlobo:

• ugwayi hawker uphila cishe inyanga,
• ezinye izinhlobo ziphila izinsuku ezimbalwa nje futhi zife emva kokubekwa amaqanda amasha. Ngasikhathi sinye, bondla kulezo zibekelelo ezazenziwe ngaphambili. Ukuhlukaniswa okugcwele kwamavemvane kulapha.

Izinhlobo zama-Hogwarts

UWine Hogweed (obizwa nangokuthi “Grape Hog” noma “Pink Hog”) utholakala emvinini. Le nhlobo inombala okhanyayo, usayizi omkhulu nesikaki elibukhali.

ILilac hawthorn ingesinye sezimvemvane ezinkulu kakhulu ezihlobisa umndeni we-hawthorn. Amaphiko asuka ku-90 kuya ku-120 mm. Izimpiko zangemuva zipinki; izindandatho zingabonakala esiswini, ezinye futhi zipinki kanti ezinye zimdaka. ILilac hawthorn yehlukile kwezinye izidalwa yi-proboscis - ubude bayo bucishe bufana nomzimba wesinambuzane. Isibungu singaba ngemibala emibili - luhlaza okotshani noma onsomi.

I-Brazhnik - i-hummingbird yomucu ophakathi nendawo. Ngempela, njengoba ukwazi ukubona esithombeni, kulula ukuthola izici ezivamile ngamavemvane nezinyoni. Ihlaya lemvelo - ama-hummingbird ziyizinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke, isisindo sawo esivame ukungabi ngaphezu kwe-2 g, futhi amasele angabaholi phakathi kwezimvemvane ngosayizi. Ngesikhathi sokudla ezimbali, izinambuzane azihlali phansi, kodwa zibonakale zilengamela phezu kwazo, zishukumisa amaphiko azo ngokushesha. Inyoni encane ibonakala sengathi ihambahamba phezu kwesihlahla. Enkabeni yeRussia, enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yilokho okuyi-coot-lettuce.

ILinden boletus ibonwa kalula ngamaphiko angaphambili anemphetho eyenziwe nge-serated, span yawo ingaba ukusuka kuma-60 kuye kuma-80 mm. Futhi lapha sinezithombe zezimvemvane ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Umbala usukela ekuluhlaza okomnqumo uye ekugqwala lapho kunamabala angajwayelekile amnyama. Izimpiko zangemuva ziyi-ocher ephuzi. Isibungu sale nhlobo siluhlaza ngemivimbo ebomvu nephuzi. Ungayibona ehlobo ebhekeni, umhlanga kanye nomhlanga.

I-Brazhnik nocturnal butterfly ayivikelekile ezingozini ezilindele endaweni yayo yemvelo yonke indawo. Isibonelo, iminyovu nezidleke zingabekela amaqanda phezu kwesibhakabhaka noma emzimbeni wepupa. Ama-parasites avelayo asebenzisa izitho zangaphakathi zephansi ekudleni. I-nocturnal shredder ingafa futhi ngamakhambi asetshenziswa ngabantu, futhi adliwe yizinyoni. Ngakho-ke, lesi sinambuzane siyaphoqeleka ukuthi sizivikele, sisebenzisa izindlela ezingajwayelekile kwesinye isikhathi. Isibonelo, izibungu zewayini hawker zingalingisa kalula ukufa ngenkathi kuhlaselwa inyoni. By endleleni, nantu uhlu lwazo zonke amabhu.

Kwesinye isikhathi amacimbi athatha ingozi yokusabisa izitha - umphambili womzimba ukhuphuka ngamandla, izinambuzane ziqhuma kulesi sikhundla. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, uvemvane i-hawthorn ingangena kakhulu esiswini.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngamaHogwarts

I-Hogweed ayigqamile futhi iyabukeka. Amanye amaphuzu ngalesi sinambuzane ayamangaza:

• Ibhabhathane lekhanda elifile lingukungena kweqiniso ezweni lesinambuzane. IHogworm ebamba izinyosi - indizela phezulu esidlekeni bese iqala ukuthuthumela ngendlela enesimo, bese ihlubula uju lwezinyosi nge-proboscis kanye nama-regales kuju. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi izinyosi ziyabuqonda ubuqili, zihlasele umphangi, zimlume afe, bese zilimaza esidlekeni.
• Enye into yezinhlobo zezilwane - ngesikhathi sengozi iqala ukukhala kakhulu nangokuphelelwa yithemba.
• Ngomzuzu, isinambuzane siyakwazi ukumboza ibanga elingaphezulu kwezikhathi ezingama-25 000 kunomzimba waso.
• NgeNkathi Ephakathi, i-lilac hawthorn yayihlasile, ngoba yayithathwa njengehabbinger yokufa.
• Ukusuka kwisiLatini, igama le-hawthorn ("porcellus") lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ingulube." Kude kude, kubonakala sengathi lesi sinambuzane sipinki ngokuphelele.

Ukuvikelwa Kwamachibi

Izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zamaphisi ziyamangaza, kepha inani labantu liyancipha. Lokhu kuthonywa yizici eziningi:

• inani lezinyoni ezidla amacimbi landa
• Izihlahla zigawulwa futhi utshani buyashiswa,
• Izilimo ezondlayo ziphathwa ngezinto ezinobuthi kuma-butterflies.

E-Russia, izimo ezithandeka kakhulu kuma-hawks eTranscaucasia - ngenxa yesimo sezulu esipholile, i-pupae ibekezelela ubusika kalula. KwiBhuku eliBomvu lama-hawks langena emuva ngonyaka we-1984.

Kwezinye izindawo lapho izimvemvane zisekupheleni kokuqothuka, ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides kuyancipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lezitshalo ezishisiwe lilinganiselwe, ngoba zingaba ne-hawthorn pupae. Lokhu kungenelela okulula kepha okusebenzayo kungagcina ukubukeka okungandile futhi kube nomthelela ekwandeni kwenani lezinhlobo ezinhle.

Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo

Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezingama-1224 ze-hawthorn ziyaziwa. Phakathi kwazo, cishe zingama-50 izinhlobo ezihlala eRussia. Amaningi abhalwe kuNcwadi Olubomvu.

Ummeleli oshaqekile kunazo zonke yi-new hawker. Lesi sinambuzane esikhulu esinamaphiko wamasentimitha angama-4-8. Isidumbu kanye namaphiko e-hawthorn yewayini apendwe ngombala opinki, ophuzi no-olive.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokubhaliswa kwe-hawker ye wayini, ehlukile ngosayizi womzimba:

• isigaxa sewayini elincane,
• i-average barbar (ebhalwe ku-Red Book of Belgorod Region, Karelia),
• isigaxa sewayini sikhulu.
• Indlela yokuphila

Iningi lezi zinhlobo zamawele azigqokile ebusuku, zicashe ezihlahleni phakathi nosuku. AmaHogwaters adla umpe wezimbali.

Uhlobo ngalunye luthanda ukuphuza umpe wezitshalo ezithile. Lesi sici siyisisekelo samagama abo athile (amagilebhisi, i-oki, ugwayi kanye nezinye iziloba). Izimvemvane ezindala zezinye izinhlobo azidli futhi ziphila izinsuku ezimbalwa.

AmaBrazhniki izinambuzane ezishisayo. Iningi lezinhlobo lihlala eMelika, eYurophu, e-Australia, e-Afrika.

Ezindaweni ezishisayo, oklebe bandiza futhi bazale izingane unyaka wonke. Ezimweni sezulu ezifudumele, i-pupae hibernate yabo icashe emhlabathini.

Ehlobo, ezinye izinhlobo ziyafuduka zisuka eningizimu ziye enyakatho (ulimi lwe-madder, inhloko efile). Ukufuduka kungenzeka kungabi ngesizini: lapho kwenzeka ukwanda okukhulu, oklebe babheka izindawo ezintsha abangahlala kuzo.

Intuthuko

Umjikelezo wokuphila kukaphisi uqukethe izigaba ezi-4: iqanda, izibungu (isibungu), isibungu, isinambuzane esidala. NgoMeyi-Juni, izimvemvane zabantu abadala ziphuma ku-pupae. Isikhathi sokuzala siqala.

Indima ebalulekile kule nqubo idlalwa ngamaferromones akhiqizwa abesifazane ukuheha abesilisa. Ngokuya ngobude bamahora wemini phakathi nenkathi yehlobo, uvemvane lubeka amaqanda amahlandla ama-2-3.

Ngemuva kokuzala amaqanda, izinsikazi zezinhlobo eziningi ziyafa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5 ukuya kwe-10, kuvela isibungu esiphuma eqandeni. Udla ngokuzikhandla futhi akhule, afinyelele osayizi abakhulu.

Ngenxa yokufakwa kombala okhanyayo womzimba ngemivimbo ehlukahlukene namabala asesimweni wamehlo, isibungu se-hawthorn asikwazi ukudideka. Ekupheleni komzimba kukhona ukukhula okumbi. Umbala wayo uyisici sobuntu kwezinhlobo.

Amakhethini aphenduka ama-pupae acashe emhlabathini. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, uvemvane luvela kupupa. Ngemuva kokuba amaphiko esomile futhi asaba, i-hawk iyahamba futhi iyofuna umlingani wokuzala.

Ukubaluleka kwemvelo nempilo yomuntu

Izimvemvane ezindala zingamaphula izitshalo eziqhakazayo. Isibonelo, i-orchid yaseMadagascar ivele impova kuphela yiMorgan Brazhnik. I-proboscis ende ivumela lokhu uvemvane ukuthola umucu obekwe ezimbalini ngokujula kwama-30 cm.

Amacimbi ama-Brazhnik adla amahlamvu ezitshalo ezitshaliwe ayizinambuzane zezolimo namahlathi. Iningi alidali monakalo obalulekile, futhi izitshalo zibuyiselwa kalula futhi ngokushesha.

Kepha ezinye izinhlobo zingabhubhisa izindawo ezinkulu zezilimo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ugwayi owabiwe. Amacimbi ayo adla amaqabunga utamatisi, upelepele, ugwayi ne-isitshalo seqanda, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise kakhulu isivuno salezi zilimo.

I-parasite parasite Cotesia Congregaga iyasiza ekulweni nabo, ibeka amaqanda emzimbeni wesibungu.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: I-hawthorn enezinwele ezibomvu

Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, izimvemvane zizala unyaka wonke. Inzalo ihlatshwe amahlandla amabili, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphansi kwezimo eziwukudla kwesimo sezulu kathathu. Ukuhlangana ngokuvamile kwenzeka ebumnyameni. Kuhlala kusuka emaminithini we-20-30 kuye emahoreni athile. Kulesi sikhathi sonke, izinambuzane zihlala zingagudluki.

Ngesinye isikhathi, umuntu oyedwa wesifazane uyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda afinyelela ku-150-170. Iqanda liyindilinga ngesimo, linombala omhlophe ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okotshani. Amaqanda zivame ukubekwa ezitshalweni eziphekiwe. Kamuva, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-4, kuvela isibungu esiphundu esimhlophe esimhlophe esinama-paws angenamibala kusuka emaqanda.

Isibungu sinezigaba eziningana zokuthuthuka:

• isibungu siluhlaza okotshani ngombala, ububanzi besibungu abudluli kumamilimitha ayi-12-13,
• Kwakhiwa uphondo olukhulu olunsundu emzimbeni, osayizi bawo obudlula obukhulu bomzimba,
• isibungu sikhuphuka kakhulu ngosayizi, kuvela izimpawu ezintsha,
• uphondo olwakhiwe luqhakaza, luqinile. Imivimbo kanye namabala amnyama avela ezingxenyeni zomzimba,
• usayizi womzimba ukhuphuka ngamasentimitha angama-5-6, isisindo sifinyelela ku-4-5 amagremu,
• izibungu zanda kakhulu ngosayizi. Isisindo sifinyelela kumagremu angama-20, ubude - kufika kumasentimitha ayi-15.

Amakhethini ahambelana ngokuphelele nokusinda ezimeni ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, zinombala wokucasha, okuvumela ukuthi uhlangane nemifino. Amakesi ezinye zezinhlobo zinesimo esilinganiselwe, amabhlogo alukhuni, noma angakhipha iphunga elingathandeki, elizesabisa izinyoni nabanye abamele umhlaba wezilwane bedla amacimbi.

Ngemuva kokuba isibungu siqoqe inani elanele lezakhi zomzimba futhi lithola isisindo somzimba esanele, lingena emhlabathini. Lapho, uthatha imidlwane. Esigabeni sabafundi, uvemvane lukhona amasonto angama-2,5 ukuya kwangu-3. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwenzeka izinguquko ezinkulu emzimbeni wezinambuzane. Isibungu siguquka sibe uvemvane.Uvemvane oluhle luyazikhulula ku-cocoon, lome amaphiko alo, luye kofuna umlingani wokuphelisa ukuze uqhubeke nomjikelezo wokuphila kwalo.

Izitha zemvelo zezimvemvane

Photo: Moth moth

Uvemvane lweHog lunezitha ezimbalwa endaweni yalo yemvelo. Esigabeni ngasinye sokukhula kwabo, ingozi nokusongela okungathi sína kuhlala kulindelwe. Izitha eziphambili zingama-parasites. Lokhu kufaka hlana, imgibeli nezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane. Zibekela amaqanda ebusweni bomzimba wam uvemvane, amacimbi noma i-pupae. Ngemuva kwalokho, izibungu zezinambuzane ziphuma emaqanda, ezidla izitho zangaphakathi zezimvemvane, zibangele ukufa kwazo. Kumila kuphela ngokuphelele, izibungu eziyizidlakudla zishiya umzimba wezimvemvane.

Ingozi yezimvemvane izinyoni. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinyoni, umthombo oyinhloko wokudla ngamacimbi, noma ngisho nezimvemvane ngokwazo. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni ezikwazi ukubamba lesi sinambuzane esidabukisayo nesisheshayo. Hhayi indima yokugcina ekuqothulweni kwenani lezinambuzane kungokwendoda. Njengomphumela womsebenzi wayo, isebenzisa ama-insecticides amakhemikhali futhi ichitha indawo yemvelo yeLepidoptera.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: IButterfly hawthorn

Ngaphandle kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo, i-hawthorn ibhalwe ku-Red Book, futhi izinhlobo eziningi zaleli bhungane zisezincwadini ezibomvu zesifunda. Kuze kube manje, inani eliphelele lezinambuzane lithathwa njengelingesongeswe. Ibuye ikhishwe ngaphandle kweNcwadi ebomvu yeRussian Federation. E-Ukraine, inani lisalokhu lisongela. Kulokhu, wabelwa isigaba sesithathu, futhi kubhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu yezwe.

Izinto ezahlukahlukene zinegalelo ekwehleni kwesibalo sabantu abasebenza ngokulahla izinyosi ezifundeni ezihlukene:

• inani lenyoni,
• ukuphathwa kwezilimo ezondlayo ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane,
• ukugawula izihlahla notshani obuvuthayo,
• ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezihlala abantu ezinamaphisi.

Isimo esithandeka ngenani lezinambuzane eTranscaucasus. Inesimo sezulu esipholile, ama-pupae angaphezulu angakhuthazelela isikhathi sasebusika.

Kwezinye izifunda, kufa isigaxa esikhulu se-pupae kanye nezibungu kubangelwa ukwelashwa kwezimila ngezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali zokuhlukumeza ubhungane wamazambane waseColorado. Futhi, inani elikhulu lezinyoni lifaka isandla ekwehlisweni kwamanani, okukhona kuwo amacimbi angumthombo ophambili wokudla okunempilo.

Ukuvikelwa Butterflies

Isithombe: I-hawthorn enezinwele ezibomvu

Uvemvane lwaseBrazilhnik lwabhalwa encwadini ebomvu ye-USSR ngonyaka we-1984. Kulezo zifunda lapho inani labaphisi besongela ngokuqothuka, umsebenzi wenziwa phakathi kwezingane zesikole nentsha ukuvimbela ukuqothuka kweziqubu zezimbungulu kanye novemvane.

Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka futhi nokunciphisa umkhawulo wokusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides enzelwe ukulawula izinambuzane. Ukuze wandise inani lezi zinambuzane, kunconywa ukuthi uhlwanyele amasimu nezindawo ezikhululekile ezinezimbali eziqhakaza umqubuko wazo ongumthombo wazo wokudla. Kunconyelwa futhi ezifundeni ngenani elincane kakhulu lezinambuzane ukukhawula inani lezimila ezishisiwe.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-pupae igxilile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo. Ezindaweni ezinenombolo ephansi yamaphiko, kunconywa ukuthi kugawulwe izimila ngokulandelana okuhle. Ukuqaliswa kwalezo zinyathelo ezilula ngeke kusize kuphela ukulondolozwa, kodwa futhi kuzokhulisa isibalo se

Izinhlelo ezikhethekile nemicimbi eyenzelwe ukukhulisa isibalo sezimvemvane ayikho. Ibhotela hawthorn Uvemvane oluhle kakhulu olwenzelwe ukulwa nezitshalo ezikhubazayo, eziyingozi. Vele, izidalwa ezinjalo ezikhanyayo nezingajwayelekile ziyihlobiso yezimbali nezilwane.