Kungukuphela kommeleli wama-characinid angenise eNyakatho Melika, lapho asatshalaliswa eMexico kuye eTexas. Isimo somzimba sifana ne-roach. Isikali sikhulu, sicwebezela, sinesiliva nge-tint eluhlaza okotshani. Ama-Caudal, ama-anal kanye ne-ventral fins obomvu obugqamile, amachaphaza asesithombeni nase-pectoral esobala, mhlophe. Maphakathi nomzimba, kusukela ekhanda kuye emsileni, kudlula lapho kuhlangana khona imicu eluhlaza kanye nesizinda esivamile, kuthi lapho ngaphansi komsila kuphenduke indawo emnyama, okubukeka ngathi yimbumbulu eyindilinga.

Izinsikazi ezindala zifinyelela ku-10 cm ubude, abesilisa bancane kakhulu futhi nomzimba wazo umncanyana. Umbala wesilisa nowesifazane ufana ncamashi. ITetragonopterus - inhlanzi ayizithobi, ihlala kahle nezinye izinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi uma ikhula nazo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezejwayelekile, izinga lokushisa elingcono kakhulu ngu-18- 20 ° C; phakathi kokuqhuma, izinga lokushisa kufanele lenyuswe lize lifinyelele kuma-22 ° C. Uthanda i-aquarium ebanzi, ingxenye yayo okufanele itshalwe izitshalo. Bamba imihlambi ye-tetragonopterus, ihlala ihamba. Ngokwesaba okuncane, wonke umhlambi ucashe phakathi kwamathanga. Ukudla kuthanda bukhoma, ikakhulukazi i-daphnia, i-bloodworm elahliwe yanele, inqobo nje uma iwela phansi, iyanqikaza ukuthatha ukudla okuvela phansi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukunikela ngama-bloodworms egreyini legazi eligobhozayo, ngalo lapho kancane kancane lingena emanzini bese lidla kancane kancane. Uma kunezitshalo eziningi ku-aquarium futhi ikhanya kahle, khona-ke i-tetragonopterus ayidingi i-aeration eyengeziwe yamanzi.

Ngokuzalela i-tetragonopterus ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kufanele ulungiselele i-aquarium encane enesibalo esisodwa ukuya kwamabili ngesihlabathi somfula esihlanzekile namanzi ahlanzekile, ahleliwe. Kungcono ukuba ne-aquarium enesimo eside, ukuphakama okungama-25-30 cm. Ukushiya okuphakathi kwamahhala, imiphetho kufanele itshalwe ngenani elincane lezitshalo, bese umboza phansi nge-nitella. Lapho yonke into isilungisiwe, insikazi enabesilisa ababili, ngaphambili ababehlala izinsuku eziningana ngaphandle kowesifazane, yethulwa i-aquarium. Ekuqaleni, insikazi idonsela abesilisa kude naye, ngenxa yalokho ihlala emaphethelweni e-aquarium. Lokhu kungahlala usuku, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, ngenkathi imikhiqizo yokuzala ivuthiwe. Lapho-ke, imvamisa ekuseni, abesilisa baqala ukujaha insikazi, bayihambise emgodini we-algae, lapho kukhiqizwa khona i- caviar nobisi. ICaviar incane kakhulu, ngobuningi bayo ihlakazeka kuzo zonke izindlela, inamathela ezitshalweni futhi isakazeka phansi. Lo mdlalo uphindwa kaninginingi. Njalo ngemuva kokuhluma, insikazi nabesilisa badla i-caviar ngentshiseko, kepha kuningi kakhulu ukuthi, ngaphandle kwalokhu, kuhlala kunamaqanda angamakhulu ambalwa.

Ngemuva kwamamaki ambalwa, amaduna nowesifazane kufanele asuswe, awatshale ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokudoba ukuze insikazi iphumule.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3, kuvela kancane amaqabunga amaqanda, ancike ezitshalweni nasezingilazini. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukunikeza amanani amancane ama-ciliates noma bukhoma "uthuli" futhi ushaye amanzi kakhulu. Ngosuku lwesibili, i-fry isivele iqala ukubhukuda emihlambini, ihlala ezindaweni zokuqongelela ukudla futhi ikudla ngokuxhamazela. Zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, kuma-cyclops osuku lwe-8-10 sezivele zidla kahle. Bafinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba ngonyaka olandelayo.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu, ungaphinda ukuphindaphinda ngowesifazane oyedwa, kepha makube ngcono kunabanye abesilisa. Etafuleni lesibili, i-caviar incane.

Umzimba we-tetragonopterus uyaphakanyiswa, kamuva ucindezelwe. Umhlathi ophansi mkhulu impela, ubheke phambili. Ngokuyisisekelo, umbala walezi zinhlanzi yisiliva, ucwebezela ngemibala ehlukahlukene. Imicu emnyama isuka maphakathi nomzimba eduze komugqa we-caudal, kuthi lapho ngaphansi kwecala le-caudal ihlukanise imichilo eshintshashintshayo, yenze indawo ebunjiwe yedayimane. Amaphiko we-pectoral awanombala, amanye asawolintshi noma abomvu ngokugqamile. Ifomu le-albino elinombala wegolide kanye namehlo abomvu atholakala kuma-aquariums. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuthunjweni, izinhlanzi ezazinomzimba weveli zafakwa. Izinsikazi zikhulu futhi zigcwele ukwedlula abesilisa; umbala wamaphiko alo muva nje uqhakazile.

I-Tetragonopterus izinhlanzi ezinokuthula nezinama-motile ezihlala phakathi nendawo nangaphezulu. Kungcono ukugcina ipakethe labantu abangu-5- 10 e-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-50 noma ngaphezulu. E-reservoir, kuyathandeka ukudala amathiki ezitshalo anendawo yamahhala yokubhukuda. Omakhelwane e-aquarium ejwayelekile bangaba ezinye izinhlanzi ezilinganayo noma ezinkulu ezinokuthula. Zinolaka zibhekise ezinhlamvwini ezincane, futhi ungahlali unganaki izinhlanzi ezinomumo weveli leveli. I-Tetragonopterus undemanding kuya kukhwalithi yamanzi futhi inganconywa kubaqalayo bemanzini.

I-aquarium kufanele ibe nokuhlunga okuhle kanye nezinguquko ezijwayelekile zamanzi. Ama-Omnivores, adla ngokuzithandela noma yikuphi okuphakelayo okubukhoma nokwenziwe okwenziwa. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukondla i-tetragonopterus ngokudla kwesitshalo, ngaphandle kwalokho bazodla amahlumela amasha wezitshalo zasemanzini. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni zamanzi, njengesibonelo, lezi zinhlanzi zijabulela ukujabulela izimpande ze-duckweed nezimpande ze-pistachia. Njengezithasiselo zemifino, ungasebenzisa: iklabishi ebilisiwe namazambane, ulethisi onesikali, amaqabunga e-dandelion amasha.

Ukuzala kabusha kungenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-6 zeminyaka. Ngaphambi kokusaphaza, insikazi evuthiwe iyancishiswa futhi inikezwe ukudla okunempilo amasonto amabili. Ukuvula ukuqhekeka ngenombolo ebaluleke kakhulu yabesilisa noma kabili. Ama-bunches wezitshalo ezinamatshe amancane noma imicu yokwenziwa asetshenziswa njengesiqalo.

Amapharamitha wamanzi we-Optimum: pH 6.5 - 7.8, gH 6 - 15 °, izinga lokushisa 26 - 28 ° С. Insikazi iphonsa kuze kufike kumaqanda ayi-1,500. Ngemuva kokuphela kokusika, abakhiqizi baqala ukudla i-caviar, ngakho-ke kufanele batshalwe ngokushesha. I-Caviar iba phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-5, izingane ziqala ukondliwa nge-infusoria, artemia nauplii, ama-rotifers.

Ukubukeka

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye i-tetras, i-tetragonopterus yinhlanzi enkulu kunalokho, efinyelela ku-5-6 cm ubude, incane kaningi ngo-8-10 cm. Umzimba wayo unama-rhomboid, ucindezelwe ngokuqinile futhi ubude ngokulinganayo. Umlomo mkhulu, ngomhlathi ophansi obonakalayo. Umzimba wale nhlanzi uvikelwe yizikali ezinkulu zesiliva, umsila namaphiko zibomvu. Isigaba somsila sihlotshiswe ngephethini elimise okwedayimane elimnyama. Ukusuka maphakathi nomzimba kuya ekhanda lezinhlanzi, kudlula imizila eluhlaza engabonakali buthaka.

Ukwehluka kobulili kulezinhlobo zezinhlanzi akubalulekile. Abesilisa bancane futhi bagqamile kunabesifazane, kwesinye isikhathi amaphiko abo aba nombala ophuzi. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa, bangaqashelwa yisibalo esiyindilinga.

Inkomba. Phakathi kwe-tetragonopterus albinos kutholakala izikali zegolide namehlo abomvu, kanye nabantu abanezigqoko zeveli. Ama-albino afunwa kakhulu ngezimo zokuboshwa.

Ukukhetha nokuklanywa kwe-aquarium

UTetragonopterus uhlala emihlambini. Kumndeni wezinhlanzi ezingama-8-10, i-aquarium enamalitha angama-80 ilungile impela. I-tetra roach iyi-jumper enhle, ngakho-ke i-aquarium kufanele imbozwe ngokuqinile ngesivalo.

Njengomhlabathi, ungasebenzisa isihlabathi somfula, esilashwa kwangaphambili ngamanzi abilayo. Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga aqine, awugqinsi, amade afinyelela ngaphezu kwamanzi atshalwe emhlabathini. Kungcono ukuyisebenzisela le njongo uphondo, isinamoni, i-painbitis nama-microzoriums. Izitshalo akufanele ziphazamise ukuhamba ngokukhululeka komhlambi, ezikhetha ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi kungqimba lwamanzi oluphakathi.

I-Rhomboid tetra ingum imifino ozibopha masinyane izitshalo zasemanzini ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwe-Anubias neJavanese moss. Yingakho ezindaweni zasemanzini ezinama-tetra roach, zisebenzisa izitshalo ezinamaqabunga kanzima noma “imifino” yokufakelwa.

Izimo zokuboshwa

• izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngu-20-25 ° C, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kufika ku-16 ° C kuvunyelwe,
• i-acidity - ukusuka kuma-6,5 kuya kwayi-8 amayunithi,
• ukuqina - kusuka kumayunithi angama-7 kuye kwangama-20.

Isikhathi sasemini amahora angama-10. Ngokukhanyisa okukhulu kanye nenqwaba yezitshalo eziphilayo, akudingeki i-aeration eyengeziwe yamanzi. Ukuze usebenzise ukukhanya okukhanyayo kakhulu, ungafaka izitshalo ezintantayo emanzini.

I-Tetragonopterus ayithandi ukuqoqa izinsalela zokudla ezivela emhlabathini, ngakho-ke i-aquarium kufanele ifakwe isihlungi esinamandla. Faka esikhundleni samanzi e-aquarium kaningi kunokujwayelekile, kodwa ngezingxenye ezincane. Ukushintshwa okujwayelekile kungamanzi angama-25% ngesonto. Amanzi wokushintsha kufanele ahlanzeke futhi agcinwe kahle.

Ukunaka! Ama-Tetragonopterus albinos anezikali zegolide namehlo abomvu azwela kakhulu ukushoda kwe-oxygen. Ukuze ube ntofontofo, badinga amanzi afudumele (23-26 ° C) kanye nokuncintisana okujulile.

Ukondla

I-Tetragonopterus iyazikhukhumeza ekudleni. Ithatha noma yikuphi ukudla, okomile, okuhleliwe noma okuhlangene, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke kuyayithanda i-daphnia. Ngokuphakelwa okujwayelekile ngokudla okuphilayo nokuqandisiwe, umbala we-tetra roach uzokhanya futhi ugcwale ngokwengeziwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlanzi ibamba umhlume wegazi ngenkathi icwila phansi. Izinsalela zokudla ziphakanyiswa ngenkani emhlabathini, ngakho-ke kungcono ukubeka izimbungulu zegazi endaweni yokupholisa ezintanta, okuyothi ngokungena ngayo ingene emanzini bese idla ngo-tetra.

Isisekelo sokudla kwe-tetragonopterus singaba okusanhlamvu. Ukunciphisa ukufisa kwezinhlanzi ngokudla izitshalo ze-aquarium, i-spirulina, igcotshwe ngosawoti obilayo ulethisi noma iklabishi, amazambane abilisiwe, amaqabunga e-dandelion ahlanganiswe nama-flakes. Ukudla owomile kunconywa ukuguquguquka phakathi komunye nomunye.

Izici zokuziphatha nokuhambisana nezinye izinhlanzi

ITetragonopterus yinhlanzi esebenzayo nenamandla. Zigcinwa emhlambini, zihlala zihamba. Ngengozi encane, wonke umhlambi ucasha emahlathini ezitshalo ze-aquarium.

I-rhomboid tetra inesici esisodwa esingathandeki - akuyona into edabukisayo ukuluma omakhelwane bayo kancane ezinhlangothini, futhi ibuye iphule imisila namaphiko. Amaphakethe wolaka (kusuka kubantu abayisithupha noma ngaphezulu), kanye nokudla kwabo okuxutshiwe (kaningana ngosuku) kuzosiza ukucima ukuphuma kweziqubu zodlame.

Hhayi omakhelwane abahle kakhulu be-rhomboid tetra bazoba izinhlanzi ezincane, kanye nezinhlanzi ezihamba kancane ezinamaphini amade. I-Tetragonopterus igcinwa kahle kakhulu nge-tetra efanayo esebenzayo futhi enamandla: izingane, iCongo, ameva, i-erythrosonuses.

Ukulungiselela ukuzalanisa

Isikhathi esikahle sokusakazeka sithathwa njengokuphela kuka-Ephreli - ukuqala kukaMeyi. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokusakazeka, izinsikazi nezowesilisa zihlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokudotshwa bese zidluliselwa ekudleni okuphilayo. Ukuze uqhume, ungasebenzisa izinhlanzi ezimbili, insikazi enamaduna amabili noma umhlambi omncane wenani elilinganayo labesifazane nabesilisa.

Ukusakazeka kwenzeka ekusakazeni - i-aquarium encane enomthamo wamalitha ayi-10-20. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-aquarium ephakeme enophahla oluseceleni lwama-25-30 cm.

Isihlabathi somfula esihlanzekile sithululelwa ezindaweni ezinwebayo, bese kuthelwa amanzi amasha, axazululiwe. Isikhungo se-aquarium sishiywe simahla, futhi kutshalwa izitshalo zasemanzini emaphethelweni. Ngaphansi embozwe nge-nitella noma i-mesh emihle. Hlela ukugeleza okunobunono nokuhlunga. Amanzi acutshwe kancane futhi afudumele ku-26-27 ° C. Lapho ukuqhekeka sekumi ngomumo, abakhiqizi besikhathi esizayo badluliselwa kuwo.

Ukusakaza

Ukusakaza kuqala ekuseni. Abesilisa baqala ukusukela ngenkani insikazi, emva kwalokho bayishayela ihlathi. Lapha, insikazi iphonsa amaqanda, abesilisa bavundise yena. Imidlalo yokumatanisa nokulandela insikazi iphindwa kaninginingi.

Amaqanda e-tetragonopterus mancane kakhulu, andiza azungeze i-aquarium futhi azinze ngamaqabunga e-nitella kanye nesitshalo. Abakhiqizi bajabulela i-caviar, ngakho-ke ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kokubuyiselwa kubuyiselwa ku-aquarium ejwayelekile.

Ukunakekelwa Kwezingane

Emahoreni angama-24 kuya ku-14 ngemuva kokuhluma, izibungu zibamba amaqanda, bese kuthi emva kwezinye izinsuku ezi-4 ziqale ukuhamba, zibhukuda futhi ziqoqane emhlambini.

Yondla izingane ngenani elincane lama-ciliates noma uthuli bukhoma. Ngosuku lwe-8-10, izingane zinganikezwa ngama-cyclops. Kancane kancane bajwayela ukomisa ukudla.

Ngezinyanga eziyi-6-7, izinhlanzi zifinyelela ekukhulelweni. Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zinhlanzi ekudingisweni sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-6.

Ngakho-ke, i-tetragonopterus ingowokudabuka emazweni ashisayo aseNingizimu Melika. Le nhlanzi ayilandeli ezimweni zokuboshwa, ezisebenzayo, ezisakazeka kalula ekudingisweni futhi ihola umhlambi wempilo. Okubi kwaso okuyisisekelo uthando lokudla izitshalo ze-aquarium kanye nomlingiswa we-cocky.

Ukuphila endalweni

I-Tetragonopterus (iHyphessobrycon anisitsi, kanye neHemigrammus caudovittatus noHemigrammus anisitsi) yaqala yachazwa ngonyaka we-1907 nguYengeyman. T

uhlala eSouth America, e-Argentina, eParaguay naseBrazil.

Le yinhlanzi yesikole ehlala inani elikhulu le-biotopes, kufaka phakathi: imifudlana, imifula, amachibi, amachibi. Idla ezinambuzaneni nasezitshalweni ngokwemvelo.

Incazelo

Sihlobene namanye amalungu omndeni, le yinhlanzi enkulu. Ifinyelela kubude be-7 cm, futhi ingaphila iminyaka eyi-6.

I-tetragonopterus inomzimba we-silvery, obonisa ukubukeka okuhle kwe-neon, amaphiko abomvu akhanyayo kanye nomucu omfishane omnyama ovela phakathi komzimba uphenduka ube ichashaza elimnyama emsileni.

I-Tetragonopterus - umakhelwane ongazethembi, kodwa ongumakhelwane ongazethembi

I-Tetragonopterus (Hyphessobrycon anisitsi), noma njenge-tetragonopterus Buenos Aires ibizwa nangokuthi i-tetra kanye ne-tetra eyakhiwe njengamadayimane, i-tetra roach iyinhlanzi engenakuzithoba kakhulu, ihlala isikhathi eside futhi kulula ukuyizalela. Kukhulu ngokwanele kuma-characin - aze afike ku-7 cm, futhi angaphila iminyaka engu-5-6. I-Tetragonopterus yinhlanzi enkulu yabaqalayo.

Bazivumelanisa kahle namapharamitha amaningi wamanzi, futhi abadingi zimo ezikhethekile. Njengoba beyizinhlanzi ezinokuthula, bahlala kahle ezindaweni eziningi zasemanzini, kodwa banesifiso esikhulu sokudla. Futhi badinga ukondliwa kahle, ngoba njengoba belambile banekhono elibi lokusika iminjunjana komakhelwane, okuyinto ekhumbuza izihlobo zabo - omncane.

Kungcono ukuqukatha i-tetragonopterus epakethe, kusuka ezingcebeni ezi-7. Umhlambi onjalo awucasuli kakhulu komakhelwane.

Iminyaka eminingi, i-tetragonopterus ibiyenye yezinhlanzi ezaziwa kakhulu e-aquarium. Kodwa, banomkhuba omubi wokubhubhisa izitshalo, futhi kunzima ukuthola i-aquarium yesimanje ngaphandle kwezitshalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuthandwa kunciphile eminyakeni yamuva.

Kepha, uma izitshalo zingeyona into ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe, le nhlanzi izoba yinto etholakalayo kuwe.

Ukuvumelana

I-rhomboid tetra iyonke yinhlanzi enhle ye-aquarium ejwayelekile. Ziyasebenza, uma ziqukethe okuningi, zigcina umhlambi.

Kepha omakhelwane babo kufanele babe ngamanye ama-tetras asheshayo futhi asebenzayo, isibonelo, izingane, iCongo, i-erythrosonuses, ameva. Noma badinga ukondliwa kaninginingi ngosuku, ukuze bangahlukani nemigqomo yomakhelwane.

Izinhlanzi ezimfishane, inhlanzi enamaphini amade, izohlupheka e-aquarium ene-tetragonopterus. Ngaphezu kokuphakela, ulaka futhi kunciphisa okuqukethwe kuphakethe.

Ukuzala

I-Tetragonopterus spawning, insikazi ibeka amaqanda ezitshalweni noma kumila. Ukuzalela kulula kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Rhodostomus efanayo.

Abakhiqizi abambalwa bondliwe ukudla okubukhoma, bese bathunyelwa endaweni ehlukile ye-spawning. Ekuqhekekeni, kufanele kube nokugeleza okuncane, ukuhlunga, kanye nezitshalo ezinamashiya amancane, njengama-mosses.

Enye indlela i-moss isembatho sokugeza esenziwe ngentambo yenayiloni. Babeka amaqanda kuso.

Amanzi ku-aquarium angama-26-27 degrees futhi omuncu kancane. Imiphumela emihle ingatholakala ngokufaka umhlambi ngokushesha, kusuka inani elilinganayo labesilisa nabesifazane.

Ngenkathi iqhuma, ibeka amaqanda ezitshalweni noma esitsheni sokuwasha, emva kwalokho kudingeka itshalwe, ngoba ingadla amaqanda.

Izibungu zizodonsa kungakapheli amahora angama-24 kuya kwengama-24, bese kuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-4 zibhukuda. Ungondla ifry ngama-feed ahlukahlukene.

I-Aquarium.ru. Izinhlanzi ze-Aquarium. I-Tetra iyindlela yokubhula. I-Tetragonopterus

Umzimba uphakama ngokulingana, uthambile ngokuqinile kamuva. Ulayini we-lateral awuphelele. Kukhona imali encane ye-adipose. I- “A” yinde kune- “D”, “C” enemikhono emibili.

Umhlane uluhlaza oluluhlaza, uhlangothi luyisiliva elinombala ophuzi okuluhlaza okotshani, isisu yisiliva.Ekupheleni kwe-caudal peduncle, ibala elimise okwamadayimane elimnyama lidlulela ku "C".

Amaphiko, ngaphandle kwe- "P", abomvu ngokuphuzi. Kukhona izakhi zemvelo zephuzi.

Umbala wesilisa wamaphiko ugcwele ngokubomvu.

Ukuthula, inhlanzi yesikole. Izinhlanzi zeselula, ezithanda ukukhanya, zihlala ezingxenyeni zamanzi eziphakathi nendawo nezinhla, zinokucasha okufihlayo emathangeni ezitshalo. Ingagcinwa kuphela nezinhlanzi ezisheshayo, njengoba kumaphini okuhlala phansi kuyaluma. E-aquarium, izitshalo ezinamaqabunga aqine nazo zingaba yiJavanese moss, bolbitis ne-Thai fern, njengoba inhlanzi idla amahlumela amancane amancanyana.

R. Riel, A. Bensch unikeza amapharamitha wokuqukethwe okuqukethwe: 18-28 ° С, dH kuze kufike ku-35 °, pH 5.8-8.5.

Ukusakaza i-aquarium kusuka ku-60 cm ubude nge-mesh ehlukanisayo ezansi nezitshalo ezinesiqu eside nesinamaqabunga ahlukanisiwe. Izinga lamanzi lisentimitha eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20. Izinsikazi nabesilisa zigcinwa zodwa emavikini ama-2 ngaphambi kokuba zifike lapho zingena khona. Ukuze ukhule kusihlwa batshala umbhangqwana noma iqembu lezinhlanzi.

Ukuhluma kuvame kakhulu ekuseni, insikazi iphonsa amaqanda angama-200 noma ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kokuklabhuka, izinhlanzi ziyasuswa, i-aquarium yenziwe mnyama, izinga lamanzi liyancishiswa libe yi-10 cm. Isikhathi sokufakwa yizinsuku eziyi-1-2, i-fry iqubha ezinsukwini ezingama-3-6. Nikeza ukukhanya. Ukuqala okuphakelayo: ama-ciliates, ama-rotifers.

Ukuthomba ngezinyanga eziyi-6 ukuya kwezi-10.

Ukungcola emanzini ka-20-22 ° C, dH kuya ku-20 °, pH 7 kubikwa.

M.N. U-Ilyin encwadini ethi "Ukulima kwezinhlanzi ze-Aquarium" ubhala nge-tetragonopterus:

I-Tetragonopterus (IHemigrammus caudovittatus E. Ahl.). ITetragonopterus itholakala emfuleni. La Plata. Baqala ukulethwa eYurophu ngo-1922, babhebhetheke lapha kuze kube ngu-1941 futhi basagcinwa namanje. Ema-aquariums, imvamisa afinyelela ku-5-6 cm ubude, kwesinye isikhathi abe ngu-12 cm.

Ngokuyisisekelo, umbala walezi zinhlanzi uphuzi onsundu nge-sheen yensimbi, isisu yisiliva. Ukusuka maphakathi nesiqu se-caudal kuze kube sekupheleni kwaso, umucu omnyama welula umugqa we-lateral, unwebeka endaweni eyi-rhomboid ngaphansi kwephini le-caudal. Onke amaphini ngaphandle kwalawo anombala obomvu, aqine kakhulu ku-anal. I-iris engxenyeni engenhla ibomvu.

Izimo zokugcinwa nokondliwa zilula. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi asemanzini lingasuka ku-12 liye ku-25 ° (mhlawumbe yi-18-24 °). Ngaphezu kokudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane, imifino nayo ifiselekile. I-Tetragonopterus ayifuni ku-pH, ubulukhuni nokusha kwamanzi.

Ukuthola inzalo kulula. Amanzi asempompini asetshenziswa njalo. Izinhlanzi zigcinwa ezindaweni ezinamanzi amakhulu ozimele anendawo ephansi ka-2000 cm2 nobubanzi bamanzi angama-25- 35 cm. Isihlahla sesinamoni, izihlahla eziningana ze-sagittarius, izitshalo ezincane ezinomphetho ezimboza phansi zisetshenziswa njengendawo engaphansi komhlaba. Ungakwenza ngaphandle kwezitshalo. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi ligcinwa ku-22-24 °.

Masinyane ngemuva kokufika kokuhluma noma ngosuku olulandelayo (ekuseni), insikazi iphonsa kusuka kumaqanda angama-200 kuya kwangama-800 ibonakale njengengilazi. Ngemuva kokuqhekeka, abakhiqizi basusa i-caviar ukugwema ukubhujiswa.

Izibungu zesibungu ngemuva kwamahora angama-24, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezine ziphenduke i-gazinga, ziqale ukubhukuda futhi zidle emithini, i-nauplii ne-lettuce efakwe emhlabathini, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngeziqhumelo ezincane.

G.R. U-Axelrod, W. Worderwinkler encwadini ethi "Encyclopedia of the aquarist" ubhala nge-tetragonopterus:

IHemigrammus caudovittatus (i-tetra ebunjwe ngamadayimane, i-tetragonopter, i-tetra-roach). Le nhlanzi evela esifundeni iBuenos Aires ingenye ye-tetras enkulu kunazo zonke ezweni labadala, ifinyelela kubude be-10 cm.

Umbala wayo uyisiliva, wonke amaphiko, ngaphandle kwe-pectoral, abomvu ngokugqamile.

Umugqa omnyama ovundlile udlula emzimbeni izinhlangothi ezintathu zobude bawo futhi uqonde maphakathi nomsila, unqamule umucu omile wokumile ocishe ube ngasekupheleni kwe-caudal futhi uzungezwe amabala amane aphuzi. Abesilisa banciphile futhi bancane kunabesifazane.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu zikhulu kakhulu, zibonisa ulaka ezihlotsheni zazo ezincane, ngakho-ke kufanele zigcinwe zinenhlanzi enkulu engakwazi ukuzimela.

Elinye lamaqhinga owathandayo ala ma-tetras iwukucisha amaphini amade asesiswini we-pomacanthids ne-gourami. Izinsikazi ezilungele ukuqhekeka nazo ziba zixakaxaka, zixabane ngisho noshade nazo ezizayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokusakazeka, owesilisa nowesifazane batshalwe kangcono.

Badinga inhlabathi enkulu (engaba ngu-80 l) enezitshalo eziningi. Owesifazane onolaka udinga ukunakekelwa kuqala, kepha uma kuqala ukwanda, imicimbi iqala ukukhula ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngemuva kokuswayiza, susa abazali ekuqhekekeni, uma kungenjalo bazodla kakhulu izibungu.

Nge-25 ° C ngo-2-2, ezinsukwini ezi-5, izibungu, futhi emva kwezinye izinsuku ezimbili baqala ukubhukuda. Bangakwazi ngokushesha ukondla i-artemia.

M.N. U-Ilyin encwadini ethi "Ukulima kwezinhlanzi ze-Aquarium" ubhala nge-genus hemigramus:

IGenus Hemigrammus

Uhlobo lweHemigrammus lusondele kakhulu kuhlobo lweHifessobricon. Abamele lolu hlobo lungahlukaniswa kokugcina ngokubakhona kwesikali emzimbeni eduze kwe-caudal fin.

Imibandela yokondla nokondla inconyelwa ukuthi ifane nhlobo lweHifessobricon, kepha, njengomthetho, ama-chemigram athela amanzi amasha futhi adinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Ezinye zazo, ezinjenge-tetragonopterus, nazo zisebenzisa ukudla kwezitshalo.

Izimo zokuhlanza i-erythrosonuses ziyafana nohlobo lwangaphambili. Amanye ama-hemigram amaningi kulula kakhulu ukuwazalanisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa ama-aquariums ngohlaka lwensimbi, umthamo wamamaki we-spawning kufanele abe mkhulu kakhulu.

Ekhoneni lezinkundla ezinwebayo kukhona isihlahla esikhulu sezitshalo ezinama-leave amancane noma imicu ye-perlon. Ezinye izinhlanzi ziqhakaza lapho kungekho khona i-substrate. Ingxenye yevolumu yamanzi ivame ukufakwa esikhundleni esisha.

Ukuze uqhume, kusetshenziswe amanzi aqinile noma aphakathi nendawo anokusabela okungathathi hlangothi noma okune-acid (pH 6.1-7.2).

Ababili abakhiqizi noma insikazi eyodwa enabesilisa ababili babekelwe ukusabalalisa. Ukuqhuma kuvame ukwenzeka ekuseni ngaphansi kwelanga. Izinsikazi ziphonsa amaqanda ayi-12-16 kaninginingi, ingqikithi yamakhulu amaningana okuqhuma. Ngemuva kokuphela kokuqhuma, abakhiqizi kufanele bangene emhlabeni.

Izibungu zesibungu ngemuva kwamahora angama-24 ukuya kwengama-40, zilenga ezingilazini izinsuku ezingama-3-4, ziphenduka zibe yi-gazinga, ziqale ukubhukuda futhi zidle ukudla okuncane okuphilayo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-8-10, zingondliwa ngama-cyclops amancane.

I-Tetragonopterus (Hyphessobrycon anisitsi) isithombe, ukugcinwa kwezimo, usayizi, indawo yokuzalwa, ubude, umehluko wobulili, umbala, ukudla, imvelo, ukuzalanisa i-tetragonopterus, ukuvuthwa kwezitho, ukugcabha, ukuthosa, Hemigrammus caudovittatus characin aquarium fish, Buenos Aires Tetra

I-Tetragonopter, noma i-tetra emise okwedayimane, noma i-tetragonopterus - izinhlanzi eziqinile ze-aquarium zaseNingizimu Melika. Kulula ukugcina nokunakekela. E-aquariums kuyinto emnivorous. Sengathi konakalisa izitshalo.

Kubhekwa njengenhlanzi enhle yabaqalayo bamanzi asemanzini. Ezimweni ezinhle, i-tetra ebunjwe ngedayimane empeleni ayiguli. Ngomhlambi wabantu abangu-8-10, uzodinga i-aquarium yamalitha ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu, ngoba lezi zinhlanzi impela ezinwelayo futhi zidinga i-aquarium ebanzi.

Kusakazwe kalula ekuthunjweni.

Ngu-Øyvind Holmstad - Umsebenzi Ownawo, CC BY-SA 3.0

Indawo: ENingizimu Melika - i-Argentina, iParaguay, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil (imifula yaseParana nase-Uruguay).
Indawo yokuhlala: kuvame ukutholakala emifudlaneni emincane nasezinkanjini zemifula, okuvame kakhulu eziteshini ezinkulu zemifula, amachibi asezikhukhuleni nasemanzini asemuva.

Incazelo: umzimba ophakeme, othambile kancane ezinhlangothini. Kukhona imali encane ye-adipose. Dorsal fin mfushane kuno-anal. Isikali esikhulu.
Umbala: isendlalelo esikhulu yisiliva elinombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emuva ngumbala onsundu. Fin, ngaphandle kwembala, obomvu noma ophuzi.

Ingxenye engenhla ye-iris ibomvu. Isisu simhlophe. Umugqa ocacile oluhlaza welula phakathi kwezinhlangothi zomzimba; phansi komsila, uphenduka indawo emnyama enjengedayimane enohlaka olukhanyayo. Abantu bodwa batholakala banamaphiko aphuzi e-caudal.

Usayizi: ngokwemvelo, i-tetra ebunjwe ngamadayimane ikhula ibe ngu-12 cm, kuma-aquariums imvamisa yi-6-8 cm.
Iskhathi sempilo: Iminyaka engu-5-6.

I-Aquarium: ukubuka, phezulu kuvalwe ngokuqinile ngesivalo.
Ubukhulu: kumbhangqwana udinga i-aquarium enobukhulu bamalitha angama-20-30 nobude okungenani abangama-40 cm, kumhlambi wezinhlanzi eziyi-10-15 - amalitha ayi-150-200.

Amanzi: dH 8-20 °, pH 5-8, aeration, filtration, flow omncane, masonto onke ushintsha ufike kuma-20% amanzi. I-tetra ebunjiwe yedayimane ithanda amanzi acwebile, ahlanzekile, futhi iyazwela ekushoneni komoya-mpilo.
Izinga Lokushisa: 20-16 ° C. Ibekezelela ukwehla okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, kuze kufike ku-12 ° C.

Isibani: phezulu, ngokulinganisela.
Okokukhipha: amatshe amnyama amhlophe.
Izitshalo: kulimaza izitshalo, ngakho-ke kungaba yizitshalo zokufakelwa noma ezinamaqabunga anzima ekwakhiweni kwe-aquarium (Hornwort, cinnamon, painbitis, microzorium, Javanese moss).

Ukubhalisa: ama-run-in wall, i-driftwood, izimpande nokunye ukuhlobisa, kuyatholakala indawo yamahhala yokubhukuda.

Ukondla: endle, i-tetragonopter idla izibungu, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane, imifino ehlukahlukene kanye ne-detritus. Kuma-aquariums kuyamangaza - kuthatha isitshalo (amaqabunga angenasipinashi wesipinashi, ulethisi, i-dandelion, i-nettle), bukhoma (ama-bloodworms, i-daphnia, i-shrimp), ama-feed ayiqhwa, omile futhi ahlanganisiwe. Izinhlanzi zabantu abadala zondliwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku. Izinhlanzi ezivela phansi kokuphakelayo azimisele ukuthatha.

Ukuziphatha: izinhlwathi, izinhlanzi zesikole, okumele zigcinwe eqenjini lemisila okungenani engu-8-10. I-tetra ebunjiwe yedayimane ihlala ihamba, ibhukuda ngobudlabha kuyo yonke i-aquarium, ngesikhathi sokwesaba, izinhlanzi zicashe phakathi kwamaqabunga ezitshalo. Lapho eyedwa noma ebhangqiwe, amaphiko aqala ukonakalisa omakhelwane e-aquarium.

Umlingiswa: onothando. Abesilisa bavame ukuthola ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo, ngaphandle kokulimaza abanye.
Indawo yamanzi: ungqimba wamanzi ophakathi naphansi.
Kungaqukatha: izinhlanzi ezinokuthula ezilinganayo (igobolondo, i-loricaria ne-catfish ehlomile, i-tetra, i-rassbori, i-zebrafish, i-barbs).
Ayikwazi ukutholakala nge: inhlanzi encane nehamba kancane, kanye nenhlanzi enamaphini amade (ama-guppies, amasaka, abesilisa).

Albino. Ngu-Astellar87 - Umsebenzi Ownaye, Isizinda Somphakathi

Ukulima izinhlanzi: ukubhanqa noma isidleke (1 abesilisa nabesilisa abangu-2). Abakhiqizi bahlaliswe izinsuku ezingama-7-14 futhi bondliwe kahle ngokuphakelayo okubukhoma. I-spawning iyakhuphuka (ngenxa yenombolo enkulu yefry, umthamo wamalitha ayi-100 nobude obungu-80 cm noma ngaphezulu uyadingeka), i-aeration kanye ne-filtration (kusetshenziswa isihlungi se-foam airlift), ukukhanya kwendalo.

Amapharamitha wamanzi: dH 6-15 °, pH 6.5-7.8, T 26-28 ° C, amanzi kufanele abe musha. Igridi ehlukanisayo nezihlahla eziningana zezitshalo ezinamatshe amancane zibekwa phansi. Izinhlanzi zifakwa ekunwetshweni kusihlwa, kuthi ekuseni kuvuleke kuqala, okuthatha amahora angama-2-4. Ngemuva kokusaphaza, faka amanzi aze afike ku-50-80% wamanzi ukwakheka okufanayo nokushisa.

Ukwehluka kobulili: izinsikazi zikhulu futhi zigcwele ukwedlula abesilisa; kumuntu wesilisa, amachaphaza amancanyana ne-anal mude futhi ebukhali.
Ukuthomba: kwenzeka eneminyaka eyi-5-8 izinyanga.
Inani le-caviar: Amaqanda ayi-1000 nangaphezulu.
Inkathi yokufukanyelwa: Amahora angama-24 kuya kwayi-8.

I-progeny: Fry ukubhukuda izinsuku ezingama-3-4. E-aquarium ekhulayo, kufanele kube nokuqhutshwa okuhle nokuhlunga.
Izinga lokukhula: Fry ikhula ngokungalingani, ngakho-ke, ukuvikela amacala we-cannibalism, intsha ilungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile ngosayizi.

Ukondla izingane: i-Starter feed - "uthuli oluphilayo", ama-rotifers, ama-ciliates ke - i-nauplii yama-cyclops ne-brine shrimp.
Ukuhamba kubazali: ngemuva kokuhluma, abakhiqizi bayatshalwa.

IHemigrammus - iHemigrammus

Zihlala emifuleni yendawo esishisayo yaseNingizimu Melika. E-Russia kusuka ngo-1908-1910-hgg.

Ulayini we-lateral awuphelele. Kukhona i-fat fat. Ama-Aquarium aqukethe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amane. Cabanga okuvame kakhulu kubo.

I-Tetragonopterus, noma i-tetra-roach (N. caudovittatus). Ezweni lasekhaya - izindawo eziphansi zemifula iParana ne-Uruguay.

Ubude bufika ku-10cm. Umzimba uphansi, uphakeme, ucindezelwe kamuva. Ikhanda likhulu. Ukuhlafunwa kuyindilinga. Amehlo makhulu. Umhlathi ophansi mkhulu futhi ukhomba phambili ngaphambili. Dorsal fin cishe unxantathu; i-caudal fin eqoshwe ngokuqinile. Isikali sikhulu, futhi kukhona ezansi kwe-caudal fin.

Umbala we-tan, nge-sheen yensimbi, isisu yisiliva. Zonke izinhlayiya ngaphandle kwamaphenathi zibomvu. Iso lika-Iris libomvu. Kukhona ama-albino omzimba wawo upinki negolide.

I-Aeration nokuhlunga kuyathandeka. Inhlabathi ilula, izitshalo zilukhuni futhi zinezinga elincane (izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga athambile enziwe ngama-fish, uma ungafuni ukulahlekelwa yizo, kungcono ukungatshali).

Ukudla kunempilo, kuyomile futhi kuyimifino.

I-Tetragonopterus ifinyelela ekuvuthweni kocansi ezinyangeni ezi-6. Ukuzalanisa, udinga ama-aquariums anesilinganiso esingu-30-50 l wokuluka ngambili, ama-200 l wokuluka kweqembu.

Umuthi onemisebe emihle (ipulasitiki noma i-vinyl) enezikhala ezinhle ibekwa phansi, idlule lapho, amaqanda acwila aze aqhubeke nokuhlala (abakhiqizi abakwazi ukukuthola), izitshalo ezinomzimba omncane zibekwa ngaphezulu kowetha.

Emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokusatshalaliswa, abakhiqizi bahlala phansi futhi bondliwe kakhulu. Ngosuku olwandulele, ukuqhekeka kuthululelwa ngamanzi amasha - izinga lokushisa 22-24 ° С, pH = 6.5-7.

Ukuzala - amaqanda afinyelela ku-1,500. Ukusakaza kushesha. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwayo, i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yengezwa emanzini ukuze i-caviar ebekiwe ingonakalisi noma inyamalale. Izibungu hatch ngosuku, ngemuva kwezinye izinsuku ezingama-4-6 baqala ukubhukuda futhi bondle. Ukudla kokuqala - ama-rotifers, ama-ciliates, njenge-mbambela yesikhashana - isikhuphasha seqanda esigcotshisiwe.

Phila kuma-aquariums iminyaka engu-3-4.

I-Pulcher, i-Peruvian, noma i-humpbacked tetra (N. pulcher). Homeland - amadamu asePeru.

Ubude 4-5cm. Umzimba uphakeme, kamuva ucindezelwe. Ikhanda, inhlansi yendawo, isikali, amehlo amakhulu, umhlathi ophansi ubheke phambili. Umbala tan. Umhlane umnyama ngaphezu kwesisu. Umzimba onesiliva, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okotshani. Esiqwini se-caudal, ibala elimise okwesibhakabhaka elimnyama futhi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ngaphezulu kungumugqa wegolide. Kukhuphuke intambo ebomvu ekhanda, ngezansi kwayo (njengokuqhubeka kwegabha elimnyama) amanye amabili. Amabhendi aphela ezingeni lesifunda se-thoracic. Ngaphansi kwekhanda, umphimbo nesisu kukhona amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza. Amaphiko angaphekiwe abomvu kancane.

Iso le-iris phezulu libomvu.

Aqukethe, njenge-tetragonopterus, kepha izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingama-23-26 ° С. Ukudla okuthandayo yi-zooplankton, kepha imifino nayo iyadingeka.

IPulchera - umhlambi wezinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula.

Ukuthomba kutholakala ngezinyanga eziyi-7-16. Ngokuphahlazeka, kudonswa amanzi engilazi onke noma ama-aquarium we-plexiglass anomthamo wamalitha ayi-6- 10. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi 26- 28 ° С, ubunzima 1 °, pH = 6-6.5.

Phansi komhlabathi ohlakazekile, kubekwa i-mesh enezinhlaka ezinhle, kuso isihlahla sesinamoni. Ukukhanya kukhanya, buthakathaka. Kunzima ukukhetha abakhiqizi; imibhangqwana ephumelelayo yakha ngokwemvelo. Kepha owesilisa kufanele asuswe esikhundleni uma ukunwetshwa kungenzeki.

Ukuzala - amaqanda angaba ngu-600. Ukuqhekeka kunesivunguvungu, kuthatha cishe amahora angama-2. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwayo, i-caviar ibilisiwe.

Izibungu ezishunqayo ngemuva kwamahora ayi-14, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5 sezivele zibhukuda futhi zidla. Ukudla kwasekuqaleni - ama-rotifers, ciliates.

I-Erythrosonus, i-graciliss, i-fire tetra, noma i-firefly tetra (H. erythrozonus). Homeland - amadamu aseGuyana.

Ubude 4cm. Umzimba uyashintsha, uphansi, ucindezelwe kamuva. Ikhanda likhulu, amehlo makhulu. Amaphiko mancane, esobala. Imibala ophuzi, isisu simhlophe. Ukusuka ekhanda kuze kube sekupheleni komsila kukhona umucu obomvu okhanyayo, iziphetho zamaphiko ezingavuthiwe nezamabala amhlophe zimhlophe. Iso le-iris lipende obomvu ngenhla futhi luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezansi. Lapho esaba, inhlanzi iyaguquka. Owesilisa uqhakazile, amabala amhlophe ezinsikeni awabukhali.

I-aquariums emincane engama-30-60-litre, izinga lokushisa 23-25 ​​° С. Izinga lokushisa lesikhashana elivumelekile lehlela ku-G8 ° C. Ubulukhuni 6-8 °, pH = 6.5-7. Amanzi Peat. Umhlabathi umnyama, izitshalo zinamashiya amancane futhi zintanta. Sebenzisa izingibe. Ukudla kuphila (kuncane) futhi komile.

Ukubhukuda phakathi nezingqimba zamanzi ezingaphansi.

Izinhlanzi zivuthwa ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Ukuze zizalwe, ama-aquariums anesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 we-plexiglass kanye nengilazi yonke ayadingeka. Phansi ubeke i-mesh enhle. Kuyo kunenqwaba yesinamoni noma i-hygrophilous. Amanzi Peat, lokushisa 24-26 ° С, ubunzima 4-6 °, pH = 6.6-6.8. Isibani sikhanya kabi.

Ukuphinda kabili. Emahoreni angama-2-3, insikazi iphonsa amaqanda angama-500. Izibungu zesibungu ngemuva kwamahora angama-24-30. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-6, baqala ukubhukuda badle.

Ukudla kokuqala kungama-ciliates nama-rotifers, kamuva - artemia nauplii.

Fry ikhula ngokushesha. Amanzi ngemuva kokuqhekeka kokuqala angasetshenziswa kaninginingi.

Ama-Erythrosonuses izinhlanzi ezinokuthula. Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka emithathu.

Flashlight, noma i-tetra flashlight (H. ocellifer).Izwe - iAmazon.

Ubude 4-5cm. Ifana ne-tetragonopterus ekwakhekeni komzimba. Kepha isiqu se-caudal sicindezelwe kakhulu.

Umbala oyinhloko onsundu-isiliva, isisu sikhanya. Ezinhlangothini zesithathu ezingemuva komzimba welula umucu omnyama, ohlangana ngasisekelo senhlawulo ye-caudal ngesiteleka esime mpo. Empambanweni kunebala elimnyama, ezinhlangothini zombili zazo kukhona amachashazi amhlophe.

Ngaphezulu, ekugcineni kwe-caudal peduncle, kukhona indawo ekhanyayo ene-oval ekhazimulayo - igolide elimhlophe ngaphambili ne-orange emuva. Izindawo ze-Paler zohlobo olufanayo zitholakala ngemuva kwezembozo ze-gill nangaphezulu kwamehlo. Imisebe eyeqile yamawele engakhokhelwe imhlophe. Iris iso top orange. Esikhathini sokuqhuma, owesilisa uvela ku-anal fin ngebhande lobisi. I-AT.

ngokukhanya, isinye sebhadi lokubhukuda libonakala ngokuphelele kuye, ingxenye yabesifazane.

Qukethe njenge-tetragonopterus. Kepha izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingama-23-27-27 С, ubunzima ngu-15 °, ne-pH = 6.5-7. Ikota yenani lamanzi liguqulwa masonto onke.

Ukuthomba kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyi-8. Ukuzalanisa, udinga ama-aquariums anendawo engezansi ka-900-1400 sq. Cm nokuphakama kwekholomu lamanzi elingu-15-20 cm. Ukushisa kwe-25-28 ° С, ubunzima kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-15 °, pH = 6.2. Isendlalelo sezitshalo ezincane ezihamba ngamakhanda ekhoneni lomhlaba ovulekile kanye nesihlahla se-saggitariya esi-2 phakathi.

Ukubhanqaniswa okubhangqiwe noma kweqembu (owesilisa oyedwa nowesilisa amabili) amahora angama-2-3. Ukuzala - amaqanda angaphezu kwama-500. Izibungu zesibungu ngemuva kwamahora angama-24-30. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezine, aqala ukubhukuda adle futhi adle. Ukudla kwasekuqaleni - ama-ciliates, ama-rotifers.

Izinhlanzi ezinokuthula. Isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-6.

I-Rhodostomus, noma i-tetra ebomvu-enenhliziyo (H. rhodostomus). Ezasekhaya - I-Amazon Delta.

Ubude bufika ku-6cm. Umzimba ubude, ngesimo sifana nomzimba we-erythrosonus. Ithoni yombala ejwayelekile iyisiliva elinombala ophuzi. I-snout, amehlo, ingxenye engenhla yekhanda ibomvu ngokugqamile.

Ukusuka kwesembozo se-gill, umbala obomvu uhambe kanye naphakathi komzimba, uthinta futhi unyamalale ezingeni lokuphela kwamaphinifa we-pectoral.

Ekupheleni kwe-caudal peduncle kukhona umucu omnyama emakhoneni lapho kukhona khona izindawo ezine ezimnyama kulayini obisini: ezimbili zangaphambi zincane zincanyana, kanti ezingaphambili ezisezindongeni ze-caudal zikhulu.

Ukuthomba kufinyelelwa ezinyangeni ezingama-8-10. Ukuzala - amaqanda afinyelela kuma-250.

Izinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula. Phila usuka eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu.

UMarginatus, umsila omnyama, noma okhalisiwe, iTitra (H. marginatus). Homeland - amadamu aseNingizimu Melika asuka eVenezuela aye eArgentina.

Ubude bufika ku-8cm. Ukwakheka komzimba, njengethoshi le-tetra. Umbala ungwevu omnqumo, onombala wesiliva. Eceleni kwezinhlangothi kukhona umucu wegolide obanzi. Amaphiko ayabonakala. Esisekelo se-caudal fin naphakathi kwayo kukhona amabala amnyama. Gill ukumboza nge sheen yegolide. Esihlahleni somsila, i-sequin yegolide phezulu.

Ukuzala - amaqanda afinyelela kuma-400. Ukuhluma kwenzeka ekuseni, emarhatheni wokuqala ekuseni.

Abakhiqizi badla i-caviar ngenkuthalo. Ukuze ulondoloze, zombili kufanele zikhishwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokusakazeka.

I-Costello, i-tetra eluhlaza, noma i-neon eluhlaza (N. hyanyary). Ezasekhaya - amadamu aseBrazil.

Ubude bufika ku-4cm. Umzimba unciphile, ubude, ngesimo senhlanzi sifana ne-erythrosone. Umbala oyinhloko uluhlaza-isiliva. Ngemuva ingemerald, phakathi nomzimba welula umucu ocwebezelayo obomvana.

Ngemuva kokuphela kwamafutha ku-peduncle ye-caudal kukhona indawo ebomvu-yegolide, ngaphansi kwendawo emnyama, kudlula phakathi komngcwabo we-caudal futhi kuzungezwe izindawo ezinamabala amakhulu. Faka amachashazi abomvu kumbozo we-gill. Iziphetho zamaphiko angenamkhawulo zimhlophe.

Iso lika-Iris liluhlaza. Izinsikazi zikhulu futhi zigcwele ukwedlula abesilisa.

Ukuzala - amaqanda afinyelela kuma-250. Izibungu zesibungu emva kwezinsuku 1.5-2, emva 4-6 baqala ukubhukuda futhi bondle. Ukudla kwasekuqaleni - ama-ciliates, ama-rotifers. Ngemuva kwesikhashana - i-nauplii artemia.

Ngaphansi kaningi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, bagcina futhi bazalanise ngemigqa emithathu, amakhanda abomvu, golide, umbala owodwa, ama-tetras anemisipha apinki, ama-Schigz chemigram, red-dot, slim, njll.